Genome-wide comparison deciphers lifestyle adaptation and glass biodeterioration property of Curvularia eragrostidis C52.

Glass biodeterioration by fungi has caused irreversible damage to valuable glass materials such as cultural heritages and optical devices. To date, knowledge about metabolic potential and genomic profile of biodeteriorative fungi is still scarce. Here, we report for the first time the whole genome sequence of Curvularia eragrostidis C52 that strongly degraded silica-based glasses coated with fluorine and hafnium, as expressed by the hyphal surface coverage of 46.16 ± 3.3% and reduced light transmission of 50.93 ± 1.45%. The genome of C. eragrostidis C52 is 36.9 Mb long with a GC content of 52.1% and contains 14,913 protein-coding genes, which is the largest genome ever recorded in the genus Curvularia. Phylogenomic analysis revealed C. eragrostidis C52 formed a distinct cluster with Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10 and was not evolved from compared genomes. Genome-wide comparison showed that strain C52 harbored significantly higher proportion of proteins involved in carbohydrate-active enzymes, peptidases, secreted proteins, and transcriptional factors, which may be potentially attributed to a lifestyle adaptation. Furthermore, 72 genes involved in the biosynthesis of 6 different organic acids were identified and expected to be crucial for the fungal survival in the glass environment. To form biofilm against stress, the fungal strain utilized 32 genes responsible for exopolysaccharide production. These findings will foster a better understanding of the biology of C. eragrostidis and the mechanisms behind fungal biodeterioration in the future.

Resorcinosides A and B, Glycosylated Alkylresorcinols from a Marine-Derived Strain of the Fungus Penicillium janthinellum.

Two new glycosylated alkylresorcinols, resorcinosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a strain of the fungus Penicillium janthinellum derived from a marine sediment sample collected from Cu Lao Cham Island, Vietnam. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution ESIMS data, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by the coupling constant of the anomeric proton, acid hydrolysis, subsequent HPLC analysis, Mosher's method, and quantum-mechanics-based computational analysis of NMR chemical shifts. The structure elucidation indicated that 1 and 2 are new alkylresorcinols with d-glucose, and 2 has an α-pyrone moiety attached to the aromatic ring. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against the NUGC-3 cancer cell line with a GI50 value of 9.3 µM.