Opioid misuse in community pharmacy patients with chronic non-cancer pain.

AIMS: Community pharmacists could contribute to identify people misusing prescription opioids, which may be associated with hospitalizations, substance use disorders and death. This study investigated prescription opioid misuse in community pharmacy patients and the factors potentially associated with high Prescription Opioid Misuse Index (POMI) scores. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, pharmacy students asked patients with opioid prescriptions to fill in a questionnaire (including the POMI) in community pharmacies in a French region, in April 2019. Eligible patients were adults with chronic non-cancer pain who consented to participate. RESULTS: In total, 414 patients (62.4% women; mean age: 58.00 years ± 16.00) were included. The prescribed opioids were mainly weak opioids (73.2%; paracetamol/tramadol: 35%). Strong opioids (32.6%) included oxycodone (11.95%), fentanyl (9%) and morphine (9%). The median morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was 40 mg/day (IQR25-75 : 20-80). The POMI score (0 to 6) was ≥4 in 16% of patients who were younger (P < .01), more urban (P = .03), with higher pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score (P < .01) and MME (P < .01), and treated more frequently with strong opioids (P = .04). In multivariate analysis, age (ORfor 10y : 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56-0.82, P < .0001)), VAS (OR2units : 1.78 (95% CI: 1.26-2.40, P = .0008)), and MME (>100 mg, OR: 2.65 (95% CI: 1.14-4.41, P = .0194)) were significantly associated with POMI scores ≥4. CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of patients with high POMI scores underlines the interest of prescription opioid misuse screening in community pharmacies, in order to help these patients and refer them to pain specialists, if needed.

[Treatment is not diagnostic. Therapeutic common sense regarding class III dysmorphia]. / Traitement n'est pas diagnostic. Le bon sens thérapeutique face à la dysmorphie de classe III.

Class III dysmorphia, classically distributed in hereditary or functional etiology, have often multifactorial causes. Breaking the dysmorpho-dysfunctional cascade with early treatment may seem to be an essential alternative to give growth a new orientation. Whether the treatments are preventive, interceptive with or without an appliance, orthodontic or surgical (early, first-line or late), this takes more account of the clinical form than of age. The authors, through clinical cases, will develop their therapeutic approach, based on clinical common sense. Waiting to act at the right time is essential to set up treatments based on proven therapies.

[Early treatment of Class III malocclusion]. / Traitement précoce des classes III.

Optimum treatment timing for orthodontic problems continues to be one of the more controversial topics in orthodontics. Especially regarding the correction of Class III malocclusion, there is little consensus as to proper timing or methods for correcting these problems. The orthopedic approach for growth modification is usually limited to children with growth remaining subjected to non hereditary pattern. If the skeletal malocclusion is within the range of an orthodontic treatment, fixed orthodontic appliances with dentoalveolar compensation mechanism can achieve a normal occlusion. Otherwise in patients with a severe skeletal discrepancy, it will be necessary to consider a combined surgical and orthodontic approach. The purpose of this study was to describe treatment planning according to the age and to the initial diagnosis. The management of skeletal Class III malocclusion is still a challenge to orthodontists especially because of relapse due to the late growth of the mandible.

Orthodontic treatment of bilateral geminated maxillary permanent incisors.

Geminated teeth occur more frequently in the deciduous dentition than in the permanent dentition, with prevalence figures of 0.6% and 0.1%, respectively. Bilateral presentation is rare. A survey of the literature showed that the prevalence estimates for bilateral double teeth range from 0.01% to 0.04% in the deciduous dentition, and 0.05% in the permanent dentition. In this article, we report a rare case of bilateral fusion of the maxillary permanent incisors, discuss possible histogenetic mechanisms related to this anomaly, and explain the treatment management.