RESUMO
Characteristic attributes of pea-protein fortified, extruded rice snacks were evaluated by mechanical, acoustic and descriptive sensory analysis. The addition of pea protein isolate (0 to 45% (w/w)) to rice flour and extruder screw speed strongly affected the expansion behaviour and therefore, textural attributes of extruded snack products. The sensory panel described the texture of highly expanded extrudates as crisp, while low expanded extrudates were perceived as hard, crunchy and non-crisp. Results of the instrumental and sensory analysis were compared and showed a high correlation between mechanical and sensory hardness (r=0.98), as well as acoustic and sensory crispness (r=0.88). However, poor and/or negative correlations between acoustic and sensory hardness and crunchiness were observed (r=-0.35 and -0.84, respectively).
Assuntos
Alimentos Fortificados/análise , Oryza , Proteínas de Ervilha , Sensação , Lanches , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Dureza , Humanos , Masculino , PaladarRESUMO
The prognosis of germinal center-derived B-cell (GCB) lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma and diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), strongly depends on age. Children have a more favorable outcome than adults. It is not known whether this is because of differences in host characteristics, treatment protocols, or tumor biology, including the presence of chromosomal alterations. By screening for novel IGH translocation partners in pediatric and adult lymphomas, we identified chromosomal translocations juxtaposing the IRF4 oncogene next to one of the immunoglobulin (IG) loci as a novel recurrent aberration in mature B-cell lymphoma. FISH revealed 20 of 427 lymphomas to carry an IG/IRF4-fusion. Those were predominantly GCB-type DLBCL or follicular lymphoma grade 3, shared strong expression of IRF4/MUM1 and BCL6, and lacked PRDM1/BLIMP1 expression and t(14;18)/BCL2 breaks. BCL6 aberrations were common. The gene expression profile of IG/IRF4-positive lymphomas differed from other subtypes of DLBCL. A classifier for IG/IRF4 positivity containing 27 genes allowed accurate prediction. IG/IRF4 positivity was associated with young age and a favorable outcome. Our results suggest IRF4 translocations to be primary alterations in a molecularly defined subset of GCB-derived lymphomas. The probability for this subtype of lymphoma significantly decreases with age, suggesting that diversity in tumor biology might contribute to the age-dependent differences in prognosis of lymphoma.
Assuntos
Genes de Cadeia Pesada de Imunoglobulina/genética , Centro Germinativo/patologia , Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/genética , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfoma de Células B/patologia , Translocação Genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Sequência de Bases , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos Humanos Par 14 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 6 , Feminino , Genes de Cadeia Pesada de Imunoglobulina/imunologia , Humanos , Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/imunologia , Linfoma de Células B/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Prognóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells show constitutive nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which may have a pathogenetic role. The mechanisms causing this NF-κB activity are poorly understood. A20, encoded by the TNFAIP3 gene, is a repressor of the NF-κB pathway and was recently shown to be frequently inactivated by deletions and/or point mutations in several types of B-cell lymphomas. Here, we studied 48 CLL, including at least 12 cases with a deletion of one allele of TNFAIP3, for mutations. However, only one case harboured a silent mutation, all other cases were unmutated. Therefore, A20 inactivation plays no significant role in the pathogenesis of CLL, and the recurrent deletion in CLL on 6q21-23, where TNFAIP3 is located, likely affects other gene(s).
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 6 , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Idoso , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Éxons , Deleção de Genes , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteína 3 Induzida por Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfaRESUMO
The first total synthesis of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-(N-palmitoyl-6'-amino-6'-deoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol, a glycoglycerolipid isolated from a marine alga extract, is described. Starting from alpha-methylglucopyranoside the multistep strategy allows the stereoselective synthesis of the final compound using various protective group procedures as well as derivatization of partial molecule domains. The latter offers the development of lead structures for inhibitors of human Myt1-kinase.
