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1.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 37(12): e283-e291, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30169483

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The influenza H1N1 pandemic of 2009-2010, provided a unique opportunity to assess the course of disease, as well as the analysis of risk factors for severe disease in hospitalized children (< 18 years). METHODS: Retrospective national chart study on hospitalized children with H1N1 infection during the 2009-2010 pH1N1 outbreak. RESULTS: Nine hundred forty patients (56% boys), median age 3.0 years, were enrolled; the majority were previously healthy. Treatment consisted of supplemental oxygen (24%), mechanical ventilation (5%) and antiviral therapy (63%). Fifteen patients died (1.6%), 5 of whom were previously healthy. Multivariable analyses confirmed pre-existent heart and lung disease as risk factors for intensive care unit admission. Risk factors for mortality included children with a neurologic or oncologic disease and psychomotor retardation. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide overview of hospitalized children confirms known risk groups for severe influenza infections. However, most of the acute and severe presentations of influenza occurred in previously healthy children.


Assuntos
Criança Hospitalizada/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Influenza Humana/mortalidade , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 101(9): 2993-8, 2004 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14976244

RESUMO

To acquire the ability to fertilize, spermatozoa undergo complex, but at present poorly understood, activation processes. The intracellular rise of cAMP produced by the bicarbonate-dependent soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has been suggested to play a central role in initiating the cascade of the events that culminates in spermatozoa maturation. Here, we show that targeted disruption of the sAC gene does not affect spermatogenesis but dramatically impairs sperm motility, leading to male sterility. sAC mutant spermatozoa are characterized by a total loss of forward motility and are unable to fertilize oocytes in vitro. Interestingly, motility in sAC mutant spermatozoa can be restored on cAMP loading, indicating that the motility defect observed is not caused by a structural defect. We, therefore, conclude that sAC plays an essential and nonredundant role in the activation of the signaling cascade controlling motility and, therefore, in fertility. The crucial role of sAC in fertility and the absence of any other obvious pathological abnormalities in sAC-deficient mice may provide a rationale for developing inhibitors that can be applied as a human male contraceptive.


Assuntos
Adenilil Ciclases/deficiência , Adenilil Ciclases/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/genética , Animais , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Primers do DNA , Feminino , Fertilização/genética , Fertilização in vitro , Genes Reporter , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos Transgênicos , Oócitos/fisiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Espermatozoides/enzimologia , Testículo/enzimologia , beta-Galactosidase/genética
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