Volatile nitrosamines in the main stream smoke of black tobacco.

The cigarettes studied are smoked through an automatic device. The mainstream smoke is trapped in Citrate-Phosphate buffer pH 4.5 containing 20 mM ascorbic acid. The volatile nitrosamines are extracted in dichloromethane, purified on alumina column, then analysed by gas-chromatography with a thermal energy analyzer (TEA) detector. The two main volatile nitrosamines quantified are: Nitrosodimethylamine and Nitrosopyrrolidine.

[Experimental cadmium poisoning]. / Intoxications expérimentales par le cadmium.

During the past years, many publications and reviews have described kidney and bone lesions observed after human chronic cadmium poisonings of food or occupational origin. In this experiment carried out in rat fed with normal diets or polydeprived of vitamin D3, calcium and proteins, with or without addition of cadmium, the bone lesions observed are as severe in all polydeprived animals, wether treated with cadmium or not.

[Metabolic transformations of the trimethyl - 3,5,5, cyclohexene-2, one-1 (isophorone) (author's transl)]. / Transformations métaboliques de la triméthyl-3,5,5, cyclohexène-2, one-1 (isophorone).

In the rabbit, isophorone alpha is partly eliminated, unchanged in the expired air and in the urine and, for another part, metabolized in the organism and excreted in the urine. The metabolites which have been characterized are : dimethyl-5,5, cyclohexen-1, one-3, carboxylic-1 acid, deriving from isophorone by methyloxidation, isophorol (trimethyl-3,5,5 cyclohexen-2, ol-1) formed by the reduction of the ketonic group into a secondary alcohol and eliminated as a glucuronide, dihydroisophorone (trimethyl-3,5,5, cyclohexanone) proceeding from the hydrogenation of the cyclohexen cycle and cis and trans trimethyl-3,5,5, cyclohexanols-1. These latter compounds, found in small quantities, are very likely issued from dihydroisophorone which is transformed in the organism into isophorone alpha and cis and trans trimethyl-3,5,5, cyclohexanols-1, according to a process of dismutation.