Extracting temporal relationships between weakly coupled peptidergic and motoneuronal signaling: Application to Drosophila ecdysis behavior.

Neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides, can regulate and reconfigure neural circuits to alter their output, affecting in this way animal physiology and behavior. The interplay between the activity of neuronal circuits, their modulation by neuropeptides, and the resulting behavior, is still poorly understood. Here, we present a quantitative framework to study the relationships between the temporal pattern of activity of peptidergic neurons and of motoneurons during Drosophila ecdysis behavior, a highly stereotyped motor sequence that is critical for insect growth. We analyzed, in the time and frequency domains, simultaneous intracellular calcium recordings of peptidergic CCAP (crustacean cardioactive peptide) neurons and motoneurons obtained from isolated central nervous systems throughout fictive ecdysis behavior induced ex vivo by Ecdysis triggering hormone. We found that the activity of both neuronal populations is tightly coupled in a cross-frequency manner, suggesting that CCAP neurons modulate the frequency of motoneuron firing. To explore this idea further, we used a probabilistic logistic model to show that calcium dynamics in CCAP neurons can predict the oscillation of motoneurons, both in a simple model and in a conductance-based model capable of simulating many features of the observed neural dynamics. Finally, we developed an algorithm to quantify the motor behavior observed in videos of pupal ecdysis, and compared their features to the patterns of neuronal calcium activity recorded ex vivo. We found that the motor activity of the intact animal is more regular than the motoneuronal activity recorded from ex vivo preparations during fictive ecdysis behavior; the analysis of the patterns of movement also allowed us to identify a new post-ecdysis phase.

Infecciones de la herida quirúrgica limpia en afecciones músculo-esqueléticas / Infections of the clean surgical wound in musculoskeletal conditions

Introducción: toda intervención quirúrgica puede contraer infecciones. En Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología los materiales y los implantes quirúrgicos aumentan el riesgo de infección; su identificación precoz permite aplicar la intervención antimicrobiana adecuada. Objetivo: identificar factores de riesgo intrínseco y extrínseco y los gérmenes presentes en los pacientes con infección de la herida quirúrgica limpia y limpia contaminada. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el Hospital Arnaldo Milián Castro. La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 122 pacientes mayores de 18 años operados del sistema osteomioarticular entre el primero de enero de 2013 y el31 de diciembre de 2014. Resultados: se evidenciaron factores de riesgo dependientes del paciente como la edad avanzada en la tercera parte, el tabaquismo, la diabetes y la obesidad y los factores de riesgo extrínsecos como la colocación de dispositivos durante la intervención quirúrgica y el tiempo quirúrgico prolongado. Conclusiones: el germen más frecuente involucrado en la infección de la herida quirúrgica del sistema osteomioarticular fue el Staphylococcus aureos y predominó el uso de antibióticos siguiendo el criterio clínico y no la sensibilidad en los cultivos(AU)

Comparison of third-year medical and physical therapy students' knowledge of anatomy using the carpal bone test.

OBJECTIVE: The curricula of all health professionals have an important foundation of human anatomy. A comparison of the anatomy retention between students from different curricula has not been studied. Our aim was to examine the knowledge competency of third-year physical therapy and medical students in carpal bone anatomy. METHODS: The testing was conducted on the third-year medical and physical therapy students at Universidad de Granada. Students were given 5 minutes to answer the carpal bone test, a test which requires the identification of the carpal bones in an illustration of the bony skeleton of carpal region. Differences in the distribution of the responses between groups were analyzed using the χ(2) test. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four (n = 134) tests were analyzed (n = 54 [41%] physical therapy students, n = 80 [59%] medical students). Only 39 students correctly identified all of the carpal bones (42.6% physical therapy, 20% medical, P < .001). Physical therapy students correctly identified a greater number (P < .001) of carpal bones (mean ± SD, 5.8 ± 2.2) than medical students (mean ± SD, 3.1 ± 2.9). The capitate was the most frequently identified bone in both physical therapy (96%) and medical (46%) students (P < .001). The hamate bone was the least frequently identified bone by medical students (n = 29, or 36.3%), whereas the trapezoid bone was the least frequently identified bone by physical therapy students (n = 35, or 64.8%). CONCLUSION: There are few studies investigating anatomical knowledge levels between disciplines. This study found that physical therapy students exhibited better retention of anatomy of the carpal bones than medical students.