Electrochemical degradation of 5-FU using a flow reactor with BDD electrode: Comparison of two electrochemical systems.

In this study, the electrochemical degradation process of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in aqueous media was performed using a continuous flow reactor in an undivided cell (system I), and in a divided cell with a cationic membrane (Nafion® 424) (system II). In system I, 75% of 5-FU degradation was achieved (50 mg L-1) with a applied current density japp = 150 A m-2, volumetric flow rate qv = 13 L h-1, after 6 h of electrolysis (kapp = 0.004 min-1). The removal efficiency of 5-FU was higher (95%) when the concentration was 5 mg L-1 under the same conditions. Nitrates (22% of initial amount of N), fluorides (27%) and ammonium (10%) were quantified after 6 h of electrolysis. System II, 77% of 5-FU degradation was achieved (50 mg L-1) after 6 h of electrolysis (kapp = 0.004 min-1). The degradation rate of 5-FU was complete when the concentration was 5 mg L-1 under the same conditions. Nitrates (29% of initial amount of N), fluorides (25%) and ammonium (5%) were quantified after 6 h of electrolysis. In addition, the main organic byproducts identified by mass spectroscopy were aliphatic compound with carbonyl and carboxyl functionalities. Due to, the mineralization of 5-FU with acceptable efficiency of 88% found in system II (japp of 200 A m-2), this system seems to be more promising in the cytostatic drug removal. Moreover the efficiency of 5-FU removal in diluted solutions is better in system II than in system I.

[Excretion of beta-2-microglobulin in hypertension]. / Wydalanie beta-2-mikroglobuliny w nadcisnieniu tetniczym.

The study aimed at evaluating an excretion of beta 2-microglobulin with the urine of hypertensive patients. Thirty patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 14.26 +/- 0.86 kPa) and 13 patients with severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 17.8 +/- 1.7 kPa) were included into the studies. Significantly increased beta 2-microglobulin excretion with the urine was noted in both groups with the highest values in patients with severe blood hypertension. Moreover, significant correlation between tubular reabsorption of beta 2-microglobulin and diastolic blood pressure was noted in both groups. Increased excretion of beta 2-microglobulin in the arterial hypertension may be due to an increased glomerular filtration of this protein and/or decreased reabsorption in proximal tubule.

[Hydrochlorothiazide, allopurinol and magnesium oxide in the treatment of recurrent calcium urolithiasis]. / Hydrochlorothiazyd, allopurinol i tlenek magnezowy w leczeniu nawrotowej wapniowej kamicy moczowej.

The study aimed at presenting own experience in prevention of new urinary calculi in 18 patients with metabolically active calcium urolithiasis treated with hydrochlorothiazide in daily doses of 100 mg (group I) for 2 years, and in 6 patients with the same disease treated with magnesium oxide in daily doses 300 mg twice a day (group II) for average period of 10 months. In 9 patients a new calculus was formed during the treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, in 7 patients no recurrence was noted, and in 2 remaining patients the results were controversial (coral calculus). Therefore, patients were subdivided into group Ia (failure of hydrochlorothiazide therapy), and group Ib (no recurrence noted). Hydrochlorothiazide did not lead to the stable decrease in the saturation of the urine with calcium oxalate in group Ia whereas in group Ib (without recurrence of urolithiasis) the content of calcium oxalate in the urine was significantly lower than that in group Ia after a 2-year treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (p < 0.01) Recurrence of the disease was seen only in one patient of group II, i.e. treated with magnesium oxide. The treatment of the recurrent calcium urolithiasis is justified and efficient in those patients in whom therapy decreases the content of calcium oxalate in the urine.

[Use of magnesium sulfate in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with stenosis of the outflow route]. / Zastosowanie siarczanu magnezu w kardiomiopatii przerostowej ze zwezeniem drogi odplywu.

10 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow obstruction were intravenously given 100 mg/kg b.w. of magnesium sulphate. Significant decrease of repolarization disorders was observed in ecg recordings. Polycardiographically estimated prolonged A2-O interval significantly shortened from 188 +/- 49 to 168 +/- 45 ms. Echocardiographic examinations revealed increase of the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension from 43 +/- 6 to 45 +/- 6 mm (p less than 0.05), acceleration of the diastolic, posterior wall motion from 5.7 +/- 3 cm/s to 7.2 +/- 2 cm/s (p less than 0.01) and shortening of prolonged left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation interval from 108 +/- 15 to 94 +/- 14 ms (p less than 0.05). Intrasystolic anterior, mitral leaflet motion towards the intraventricular septum also significantly decreased. There were no changes of heart rate, blood pressure and left ventricular systolic parameters after MgSO4 administration. Obtained data indicate the dynamic nature of left ventricular diastolic function impairment and its positive modification by magnesium sulphate administration.

Synthesis and biological action of some derivatives of pyrido-[1,4]-diazepine and pyrido-[2,3-d]-pyrimidine.

The following novel compounds were synthesized: 1H-2, 3, 4, 9-tetrahydropyrido-[2, 3-e] [1, 4]-diazepino-2, 3, 9-trione 1a, 2-methyl-3, 4-dihydropyrido-[2, 3-d]-pyrimidin-4-one 2a, and their derivatives: N-methylmorpholino 1b and 2b, N-methylpiperidino 1c and 2c, N-(beta-hydroxy-gamma-morpholinopropyl) 1d and 2d, N-(beta-diethylaminoethyl) 1e and 2e, and 2-styryl 3a, 2-p-chlorotyryl 3b, and 3', 4', 5'-trimethoxystyryl 3c. The most potent hypotensive action was exerted by compound 2c (in a dose of 10 mg/kg), 2d (30 mg/kg), and 3a-3c (50 mg/kg).

Dose-related effects of dopamine on microcirculatory blood flow in resting and active state.

We compared the effects of low and high doses of dopamine and dobutamine (a synthetic catecholamine) on blood flow in relaxed or exercising muscles. Experiments were performed on rabbits. Blood flow in the muscles (calf) was estimated with the clearance method of radionuclide 133Xe. Dopamine and dobutamine were infused (iv) in doses of 20 or 40 micrograms/kg/min. Dopamine reduced muscle blood flow in resting state; this effect was more pronounced after higher doses. Dobutamine increased the flow; low doses were less effective. Dopamine may be an important determinant of the distribution of cardiac output to various vascular regions.