Linezolide e infección del tracto urinario / Linezolide and urinary tract infection

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[The active efflux pump in antimicrobial resistance]. / La bomba de expulsión activa en la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.

Active efflux of antibiotics is one of the different resistance mechanisms of bacteria against antimicrobial agents. The rapid exit of the antibiotic from the bacteria prevents its interaction with target point. This mechanism, also known as active efflux pump, is very important since it can explain the simultaneous resistance to several antibiotic families. There are four main active efflux systems: MFS, RND, Smr and ABC. This review includes all of them, together with their transporting proteins, the bacteria that have those proteins and the phenotype of the antibiotics affected. The complex genotype regulation systems, including codifying genes, positive and negative regulators, chromosomal or plasmidic localization is also studied. Finally, the causes of marked resistance to antimicrobial agents of isolated strains in the clinic, especially in hospital areas are revised. The role of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) in the evaluation of those resistances is discussed.

[Emerging mycoses]. / Micosis emergentes.

The incidence of new pathogenic agents in the fungi group has been on the rise over the past few years. This can be explained by the similar increase in elderly patients, precarious situations or immunodeficient states, together with the high degree of instrumentation in hospitals and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and antimycotics both to cure and prevent. This study includes emerging fungi, isolated in the aforementioned individuals, which belong to the filamentous and dimorphic fungi groups, and yeasts. In view of their number, only the main ones are mentioned, together with the clinical manifestations they produce and the grounds for their diagnosis and treatment.

[A comparative study of western blot interpretation criteria for Lyme disease serological diagnosis in our environment]. / Rentabilidad comparada de los criterios de interpretación del Western-blot para el diagnóstico serológico de la enfermedad de Lyme en nuestro medio.

We have studied the WB reliability for the Lyme disease (LD) serological diagnosis. Twenty five samples (20 sera and 5 CSF) from 5 patients with LD, according to CDC criteria were analyzed. The syphilis was excluded in every patient. Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies were assessed by an indirect ELISA (IgG + IgM, B31 strain). Intrathecal antibodies in CSF were studied in patients with neurological diseases. Positive samples by ELISA were reanalyzed by WB according to the manufacturer, Tilton and Dressler criteria and presence either 93, 39, 34 or 23 kDa band for IgG. Four patients were controlled and one of them (25%) became negative the antibodies (serorreversion). Three of them, who had neurological symptoms, displayed intrathecal antibodies. WB sensibility for LD according to the manufacturer, Tilton, Dressler and any of the four IgG bands was 26.31%, 42.1%, 21% and 84% for IgG and 52.6%, 47.3% and 42.1% for IgM respectively. Tilton and Dressler criteria may not be as sensible as 93, 39, 34 or 23 kDa IgG bands for the diagnosis of LD in our environment.

[Synergic effect of a teicoplanin and cefpirome combination with aminoglucosides on enterococci. Therapeutic importance]. / Estudio del effecto sinérgico de la combinación de teicoplamina y cefpiroma con aminoglucósidos frente a enterocococ. Importancia terapéutica.

In this work we have evaluated the in vitro activity of teicoplanin and cefpirome to Enterococcus sp. combined with aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin. The combination with a greater percentage of synergy were teicoplanin plus tobramycin (70%), continued by teicoplanin plus gentamicin (69%) and teicoplanin plus netilmicin (58%). The combination of teicoplanin plus aminoglycosides results of great utility in the treatment os serious infections such as endocarditis, meningitis and bacteremia by enterococci, in allergic cases, or resistance to penicillin.

[Approaches to the study of chronic bacterial prostatitis]. / Aproximaciones al estudio de la prostatitis crónica bacteriana.

We report the results of a prospective study on 30 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis who were seen at the University Hospital of Granada in 1987 and submitted to antimicrobial therapy. Patients with a positive prostate ultrasound scan and rectal examination, and those with prostatitis from Gram-negative rods evolved poorly. No significant difference was observed in patient response to therapy.