RESUMO
We present coherent speckled x-ray diffraction patterns obtained from a monolayer of surface atoms. We measured both the specular anti-Bragg reflection and the off-specular hexagonal reconstruction peak for the Au(001) surface reconstruction. We observed fluctuations of the speckle patterns even when the integrated intensity appears static. By autocorrelating the speckle patterns, we were able to identify two qualitatively different surface dynamic behaviors of the hex reconstruction depending on the sample temperature.
RESUMO
Using coherent x-ray speckle metrology, we have measured the influence of disorder on major loop return point memory (RPM) and complementary point memory (CPM) for a series of perpendicular anisotropy Co/Pt multilayer films. In the low disorder limit, the domain structures show no memory with field cycling--no RPM and no CPM. With increasing disorder, we observe the onset and the saturation of both the RPM and the CPM. These results provide the first direct ensemble-sensitive experimental study of the effects of varying disorder on microscopic magnetic memory and are compared against the predictions of existing theories.
RESUMO
1. As the incidence of cancer continues to rise among Americans, the number of new cancer patients increases along with the survival rates. It is becoming increasingly important for nurses to recognize and respond to the needs of those living with cancer. 2. Those faced with cancer fear death, disfigurement, financial ruin, and isolation from their friends and loved ones. Patients and families have tremendous needs for assistance but do not know where to turn. Nurses in any practice setting can help these patients access community resources. 3. The American Cancer Society is a national organization offering programs for patients and families in the areas of resources, information, and guidance; education and support programs; and direct services.
