Health related quality of life assessment after radical prostatectomy in men with prostate specific antigen only recurrence.

PURPOSE: The health related quality of life assessment is becoming increasingly important among patients with prostate cancer. Meanwhile, treatment of patients with increasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) after radical retropubic prostatectomy remains controversial. We attempt to define the impact of PSA recurrence on the health related quality of life of patients after radical retropubic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 604 consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between March 1991 and September 1998, 510 (84%) were available for followup. Each patient was mailed the RAND 36-Item Health Survey and University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index questionnaire. A total of 348 (70%) questionnaires were returned. Health related quality of life scores were then compared between patients with and without PSA recurrence. A multivariate analysis was also performed to elucidate further the cause of differences between the groups. RESULTS: Overall, 88 (25%) patients had PSA recurrence. In regard to health related quality of life there were small (less than 10%) but statistically significant differences in 2 of 4 physical health domains (RAND 36-Item Health Survey). There was a significant decrease in only 1 category of the mental health domain for patients with PSA recurrence. Only sexual function was statistically lower on the University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index. This result reflects the lower incidence of nerve sparing in these patients, as confirmed by the multivariate analysis. Overall patient satisfaction was similar between those with and without PSA recurrence (76% and 79%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates small health related quality of life differences in patients with biochemical PSA recurrence versus those without. These findings provide a baseline assessment of general and disease specific health related quality of life domains among these patients. Future studies should focus on differences in the measure of cancer anxiety before and after administration of adjuvant therapy in these asymptomatic patients.

Laser treatment for invasive and noninvasive carcinoma of the bladder.

Lasers are widely used in urologic surgery and have many well-developed applications. The use of lasers for the treatment of bladder cancer has been proven to be safe and minimally invasive. The neodymium:YAG laser is the most widely used instrument, although the holmium:YAG laser has also gained recent popularity. Noninvasive, small lesions are especially amenable to management with laser energy and have been treated with success rates that are at least as good as those of standard electrocautery resection. Complication rates are low. Laser therapy of invasive bladder cancer has significant limitations and should probably be restricted to stage T2 lesions.

Determination of optimal freezing parameters of human prostate cancer in a nude mouse model.

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine whether more than one freeze/thaw cycle is required and what minimum temperature reliably kills prostate cancer in vivo. METHODS: Two human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC3) were implanted subcutaneously in male nude BALB/c mice. Tumors were frozen with contemporary cryosurgery equipment and monitored for temperature, size, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements. The tumors were subjected to one or two freeze/thaw cycles through a wide range of temperatures from 0 - -80 degrees C. RESULTS: These experiments show that a single freeze/thaw to a temperature < -40 degrees C is adequate to kill most tumor cells in this mouse model of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Freezing prostate cancer to < -40 degrees C and ensuring that the entire tumor is frozen is more important than additional freeze/thaw cycles in this experimental model.