[Evaluation of chemical mutagenic factor in workers]. / Otsenka mutagennogo deistviia khimicheskogo faktora na rabotaiushchikh.

The authors analysed retrospectively a reproductive function among female workers of chemical plant. The subjects were exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals before pregnancy and during early term pregnancy. Occurrence of complications during pregnancy and delivery was significantly higher in the exposed group vs. the reference one. Incidence of congenital abnormalities among children in the exposed group tended to increase. Cytogenetic alterations were reliably more frequent in peripheral WBC and in embryonal tissues obtained during abortions in workers of the plant, if compared to the parameters of the reference group.

[Systematization of data and information on delayed consequences of the effects of chemicals in humans]. / Sistematizatsiia materialov i svedenii ob otdalennykh posledstviiakh vozdeistviia na organizm cheloveka khimicheskikh veshchestv.

The systematization and analysis of the data connected with delayed consequences arising in human body from exposure to dangerous chemicals have been carried out. The paper contains the list of dangerous chemicals exerting mutagenic or carcinogenic effects and chromosome aberrations. The cytologic express method of revealing mucous membrane dysplasia resulting from exposure to some chemical mutagens have been evaluated.

[The cytopathic and cytogenetic sequelae of chronic inhalational exposure to formaldehyde on female germ cells and bone marrow cells in rats]. / Tsitopaticheskie i tsitogeneticheskie posledstviia khronicheskogo ingaliatsionnogo vozdeistviia formal'degida na zhenskie polovye kletki kostnogo mozga krys.

A study was made of cytopathological and cytogenetic effects of formaldehyde chronic inhalation, in doses 0.5 and 1.5 mg/m3, on the female rat's germ and marrow cells. The harmful effect of formaldehyde on germ cells (according to the patterns of early embryogenesis) is noted under the dose 1.5 mg/m3 only, while the reliable clastogenic and cytogenetic effects on the marrow cells were revealed even in the dose 0.5 mg/m3. It is concluded that the differences between effects of small doses of formaldehyde on different cell systems were evidently caused by the specific cell dynamics of these systems.

[Changes in the nature of the estrous cycle and gametogenesis during superovulation stimulation in rats at different stages of the cycle]. / Izmenenie kharaktera éstral'nogo tsikla i gametogeneza pri stimuliatsii superovuliatsii u krys v raznye stadii tsikla.

Estrous cycle, ovulation rate and gamete quality were studied in rats with superovulation induced on different days of the cycle. It was shown that the rat ovaries in estrous were most sensitive to the action of gonadotropins. Heterogeneity in the ovulation rate was noted in animals at the same phase of the cycle. There was a relative increase in the number of gametes with chromosomal alterations in experimental rats, with the value depending on the stage of the cycle when PMS was injected. The study of the estrous cycle in rats with superovulation induced on different days of the cycle has revealed strong hormonal influences on the sequence of stage alterations.

[The state of gametes and the type of maturation of follicular oocytes in rats neonatally androgenized by LH-RH-induced ovulation]. / Sostoianie gamet i kharakter sozrevaniia follikuliarnykh ootsitov u neonatal'no androgenizirovannykh krys s indutsiruemoi LG-rilizing-gormonom ovuliatsiei.

The character of follicular oocyte maturation and the state of gametes in androgenized rats was studied after LH-RH stimulation. The induction of ovulation with LH-RH has been shown to increase the number of rats with nonovulatory follicules and reduce the number of oocytes maturing prior to the onset of metaphase II. After the induction of ovulation the rate of chromosomal aberrations became higher than in intact animals. Ovulated oocyte population was characterized by the increased number of degenerated gametes. This increase was paralleled by decreased incidence of chromosomal aberrations in ovulated cells.

[Effect of preservation conditions on the diagnostic traits of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida]. / Vliianie uslovii khraneniia na diagnosticheskie priznaki Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens i P. putida.

After 20 years storage under the lyophylized condition 6 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida retained all characters investigated. After storage under sterile vaseline oil for 10 years strains P. aeruginosa and P. putida lost one character, strains P. fluorescens lost 10-13 characters.

[Viability of the R, S and M variants of Mycobacterium lacticolum under various preservation conditions]. / Vyzhivaemost' R-, S- i M-variantov Mycobacterium lacticolum pri razlichnykh usloviiakh khraneniia.

The survival rate of Mycobacterium lacticolum and the proportion between its R, S and M variants were studied in the course of 12 months under different conditions of storage (freeze-drying, under vaseline oil, in 0.85% NaCl solution and in distilled water). A high survival rate of the variants was found in cells freeze-dried in a protective medium containing 10% of sucrose +1% of gelatin as well as in a 0.85% solution of NaCl.The survival rate of te variants differed by 2--3 orders of magnitude in cells freeze-dried with sodium glutamate or suspended in distilled water. The proportion between the R, S and M variants in the population noticeable changed after storage under these conditions.

[Effect of LH releasing hormone on the state of gametes and the maturation of follicular oocytes in vitro]. / Vliianie LG-rilizing-gormona na sostoianie gamet i kharakter sozrevaniia follikuliarnykh ootsitov vne organizma.

Ovulation, gametogenesis and maturation of rat follicular oocytes were examined in vitro under the effect of single and repeated injections of LH-RF. It was shown that LH-RF injection led to incomplete ovulation and to alteration of the heterogeneity of the gametes as regards the degree of maturation and the number of the degenerating forms. At the same time it did not produce any substantial effect on the rate of chromosomal abnormalities. The pattern of maturation of follicular oocytes from rats given LH-RH attests to the enhancement of atresia in the ovaries.

[Human follicular oocytes (cytologic and physiologic characteristics)]. / Follikuliarnye ootsity cheloveka (tsitologicheskaia i fiziologicheskaia kharakteristika).

The morphology and the rate of degenerative changes were studied in the oocytes recovered from the antral follicles of the operated women. The rate of meiosis resumption, chromosome aberrations and electrophysiological properties were studied in the cultivated oocytes. These indices were compared in women of different age and pathology. A small part of the whole population of follicular oocytes is capable to complete in vitro cytoplasmic and nuclear transformations indispensable for fertilization and further development. A conclusion is drawn that the heterogeneity of follicular oocytes reflects the regular processes of follicle growth and elimination in the ovary.

[Comparison of the frequency of chromosomal disorders in populations of in vitro-matured and ovulating rat oocytes]. / Sravnenie chastoty khromosomnykh narushenii v populiatsii sozrevshikh in vitro i ovuliruiushchikh ootsi tov krys.

The rat oocytes extracted from the rat ovaries and cultivated for 42-46 hours were compared with ovulated oocytes by the chromosomal aberration rate. The chromosomal aberration rate in the population of "follicular" oocytes was 8.2% on the average whereas in ovulated oocytes, it did not exceed 1.8%. Analysis of the chromosomal aberrations depending on the phase of the estral cycle suggests that the main portion of chromosomal aberrations in cultivated oocytes occurs during the physiological process of follicular atresia.

[Cytogenetic analysis of human oocytes and the process of their maturation outside the body]. / Tsitogeneticheskii analiz ootsitov cheloveka i protsessa sozrevaniia ikh vne organizma.

A cytogenetic analysis of human oocytes, after their removal from follicles and during extracorporeal maturation, has been performed. The heterogeneity of follicular oocytes according to the character of nuclear chromatin was established. It is probably related to the rate of reinitiation of meiosis in vivo and to the rate of atretic process. The dynamics of human ovum maturation in vitro was studied. 50.8% oocytes reached metaphase II in 46 hours of cultivation, but only 22.8% of these had no chromosomal aberrations. It is supposed that the high rate of chromosomal anomalies in vitro is a possible consequence of degenerative changes of oocytes that started still in vivo.

[Change in the electrophysiological parameters of human oocytes in the process of maturation outside the body]. / Izmenenie élektrofiziologicheskikh parametrov ootsitov cheloveka v protsesse sozrevaniia vne organizma.

The dynamics of electrophysiological parameters (membrane potential--MP and resistance--R) of the human oocytes was studied during their in vitro maturation. The relationship was established between the changes of electrophysiological parameters and meiotic phases. The average value of MP of diplotene oocytes was 22.0 +/- 0.3 mV and that of R 2.0 +/- 0.5 mO. The membrane depolarization was observed upon the meiotic reinitiation. The MP of diakinesis--metaphase I oocytes amounted to 10.0 +/- 0.3 mV and R to 10.0 +/- 0.5 mO. At metaphase II the temporary membrane repolarisation was noted in some cases which, in some oocytes, was replaced by the increasing hyperpolarisation on the 2--3rd day of cultivation. The input membrane resistance increased on the 2--3rd day of cultivation.

[Change in the electrophysiological parameters of rat oocytes maturing in vivo]. / Izmenenie élektrofiziologicheskikh parametrov ootsitov krys pri sozrevaniia in vivo.

The membrane potential (MP) and input membrane resistance (R) were measured in the immature (1) and mature ovulated (2) rat eggs. The population 1 is homogeneous enough: in 78.3% of all oocytes MP equaled --18 +/- 0.3 mV and R = 3 +/- 0.6 mO; 21.7% of cells had MP = --2 +/- 0.9 MV and R = 3.5 +/- 0.6 mO. The population 2 was divided by the indices under study into 4 groups. The respective values of MP and R in each of 4 groupd 5.5 +/- 0.5 mO, c) --15 +/- 0.6 mV and 7 +/- 1.0 mO, d) --3 +/- 0.4 mV and 9 +/- 0.5 mO. A suggestion is put forward that MP and R of the oocytes change with respect to the maturation stage.