The influence of different implant surfaces on osseointegration in diabetes: a systematic review of the literature.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review of the literature, the effects of different implant surface modifications on osseointegration in diabetic subjects. METHODS: A search was performed of the PubMed database, using a combination of the following keywords: "Implant surface" OR "Dental implants" AND "Diabetes" OR "Hyperglycemia". Papers published in English between January 1960 and November 2013 were selected. All experimental models were considered in this search, but case reports and in vitro studies were excluded from this review. RESULTS: The initial search identified 182 articles. After reading the titles and abstracts, 39 articles were selected for full reading. Finally, 4 papers were selected after evaluation of all the papers, and these papers are discussed in this review. Due to the methodological heterogeneity of the selected studies, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis of the data. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that although the benefits of surface modifications present in individuals with diabetes have biological plausibility, there is little evidence of the benefits of these modifications.

The effect of fermented milk on the deciduous enamel in the presence and absence of fluoride: in vitro study.

AIM: This study assessed the effect of fermented milk on the enamel of primary teeth in the presence and absence of fluoride. METHODS: Sixty enamel blocks (4X4 mm) underwent surface microhardness analysis (Knoop). The blocks were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 12 samples in each group according to the following treatments: Group 1) pH cycling and fermented milk (control); Group 2) pH cycling and dentifrice; Group 3) pH cycling and fermented milk and dentifrices; Group 4) varnish and pH cycling and fermented milk; Group 5) varnish and pH cycling and fermented milk and dentifrice. After the treatments, new microhardness determination was carried out and the surface microhardness change ratio was calculated (%SMH). The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, ANOVA test, Tukey's test and paired t-test (P<0.05). RESULTS: It was observed that after treatment, all groups showed statistically significant reduction (P<0.05) for initial surface microhardness. Group 1 showed the lowest microhardness (73.01±9.68 KNH) compared to groups 2, 3 and 4. Group 5 (172.5±45.89KNH) showed a greater surface microhardness than Group 4 (122.0±22.33 KNH). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the fermented milk adversely altered the microhardness of the samples and that fluorine contributes to a smaller reduction in the microhardness change ratio (SMH%). The combined solution of toothpaste with fluoride varnish provided a lower surface microhardness reduction of the samples.

Effect of periodontal treatment on the incidence of preterm delivery: a systematic review.

Preterm birth is a major problem in public health in developed and developing countries and the search for risk factors of this event is important. The aim of this study was to review the effect of periodontal treatment on the incidence of preterm delivery. A wide research was executed considering an evaluation period between November of 1998 and October of 2009 at MEDLINE/PUBMED databases. The selection strategy consisted of the search for the following key-words: "periodontal therapy" or "periodontal disease" and "pregnancy outcome" or "preterm birth". The search was limited for articles written in English. The randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of the non-surgical periodontal treatment on the incidence of Preterm Low Birth Weight (PLBW) were selected. In a total of 7 papers selected, the incidence of PLBW was lower in groups of women who were submitted to periodontal treatment. Reductions of Preterm Birth (PTB) ranged from 0.8% to 28.01%, while reduction of Low Birth Weight (LBW) ranged from 0.44% to 33%. In studies that analyzed these two variables together, there was variation between 4.57% to 71.5% in rates reduction. Due to heterogeneity of the data, the meta-analysis was not applied. The majority of the studies concluded that non-surgical periodontal treatment in pregnant women reduces incidence of preterm babies with low weight.