RESUMO
The performance of the MicroScan WalkAway PC30 panel for detection of oxacillin resistance was evaluated by use of a collection of 420 staphylococcus isolates. The addition of a cefoxitin test (4 mg/liter) to the oxacillin MIC determination increased its raw performance for Staphylococcus aureus; additional data were required for coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Cefoxitina/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Nationwide surveys of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections are required to fit empiric therapy to recent trends and detect emerging resistance. We report the results of a French national prospective survey based on the College of Bacteriology-Virology and Hygiene study group network performed each October during the 1996 to 2007 period, with focus on Enterobacteriaceae (7708 isolates) and Staphylococcus aureus (2271 isolates). The most relevant antimicrobial susceptibilities trends were i) a decrease in fluoroquinolones susceptibility among Enterobacteriaceae (96-90%, P < 0.0001) and Escherichia coli isolates (98-89%, P < 0.0001), respectively, ii) the slight but significant decrease in cefotaxime susceptibility among E. coli (P = 0.016), and iii) the significant increase in gentamicin susceptibility among S. aureus strains (P = 0.016). This survey reports antibiotic susceptibility of bloodstream pathogens in France. The empiric use of fluoroquinolones in severe infections should be cautiously monitored by thorough clinical and microbiologic follow-up.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/sangue , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/sangue , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , França , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Vigilância da População , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/sangue , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Among 10,872 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from a nationwide study of 88 French hospitals in 2005, 169 (1.7%) expressed an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The most prevalent species were Escherichia coli (48.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (23.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%). Molecular analysis underlined the polyclonal spread of CTX-M-expressing E. coli, primarily isolates of the CTX-M-1 subgroup.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Epidemiologia Molecular , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Enterobacteriaceae/classificação , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Escherichia coli/genética , França/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Prevalência , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , beta-Lactamases/classificação , beta-Lactamases/genética , beta-LactamasRESUMO
A real-time PCR assay with locked nucleic acid probes was developed to screen mutations at codons 79 and 83 of the Streptococcus pneumoniae parC gene. Only silent mutations were detected among 236 French invasive fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains. This test could be useful for some high-risk patients or in national surveys.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , DNA Topoisomerase IV/genética , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacologia , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genéticaAssuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Lactamas/farmacologia , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Ertapenem , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/microbiologia , beta-LactamasRESUMO
A study of 257 French invasive pneumococci isolated between 2000 and 2002 showed high rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin and macrolides (50%), contrasting with a low frequency of resistance to amoxicillin or levofloxacin (<1%) and tolerance to vancomycin (0%). The genetic homogeneity of some serogroups, including serogroup 1, enhanced the risk of epidemiological changes.
