[The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the small intestine of rats with long-term constant exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation]. / Morfologicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia tonkogo kishechnika krys pri dlitel'nom postoiannom vozdeistvii malykh doz ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia.

Variable dystrophic and necrobiotic changes were revealed in epithelial and stromal thin intestine cells in rats who had been living for a long time in Chernobyl and Kiev animal houses. There were no principal differences of these changes in the both groups of animals and their dynamics. The rats that lived in Chernobyl and consumed more polluted food have some special features: crypt mucoidisation, epithelial cell apoptosis, low pinocytic activity of endothelial cells and increase of dense epithelial and capillary cells (coagulation necrosis type).

Early experimental studies on hemoperfusion as a treatment modality for acute radiation disease.

First results of the studies on hemoperfusion therapy of acute radiation disease that were conducted in Kiev in 1976 are presented. In these studies, 69 mongrel dogs were exposed to irradiation at a dose of 525 rad (5.25 Gy). It was proved that hemoperfusion through uncoated synthetic activated carbons led to a noticeable increase in their survival rate, from 3.2% in the control group (n = 31) to 68.4% and 62.4% for the dogs that received extracorporeal treatment at 2 h (n = 19) and 24 h (n = 19) after irradiation, respectively.

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 3. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the lungs of rats]. / Biologicheskie éffekty u zhivotnykh v sviazi s avariei na Chernobyl'skoi AES. Soobshchenie 3. Morfologicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia legkikh krys.

The morphological and ultrastructural changes revealed in the lungs of rats kept within the Chernobyl accident zone during the period of 6 to 24 months were shown to be uniform and multicomponent. The changes were found both in the respiratory and the vascular connective tissue. The inflammatory processes occurred with formation of pneumonic foci, hypo- and disatelectasis, emphysematous changes, impairment of interalveolar septa, and connective tissue cell proliferation. In the lung tissue, focal and diffuse lymphoid proliferates and, at later stages, lymphomatous changes were revealed.

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 5. Longevity and the carcinogenic effects]. / Biologicheskie éffekty u zhivotnykh v sviazi s avariei na Chernobyl'skoi AES. Soobshchenie 5. Prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni i kantserogennye éffekty.

Remote effects in laboratory animals living in conditions of exposure to a mixture of external and internal radiation resulted from the Chernobyl A.P.S. disaster have been investigated. It has been found that the rate of deaths from non-tumor illnesses grows, the incidence of neoplasms increases and their latency time decreases. The redistribution within the spectrum of benign and malignant tumors and the increase in the multiplicity coefficient have been revealed. It is concluded that chronic exposure of animals to low-level radiation from the radionuclides, resulted from the accident, brings about a much larger number of negative stochastic and nonstochastic remote effects as compared to those expected from the extrapolation of the effects produced by high radiation doses.

[The biological effects in animals related to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 4. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats]. / Biologicheskie éffekty u zhivotnykh v sviazi s avariei na Chernobyl'skoi AES. Soobshchenie 4. Morfologicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia pecheni krys.

A study was made of the morphological and ultrastructural changes in hepatic tissue of rats lived within the Chernobyl accident zone during the period of 6 to 25 months. Considerable nonspecific changes in hepatocytes (fatty, vacuolar and parenchymatous degeneration, and hepatocyte necrobiosis) were seen throughout the entire period of observation. Coagulation necrosis of certain hepatocytes, Kupffer and endothelial cells, and the development of microcholangiomas by the end of the second year were the most characteristic alterations.

Morphometric patterns and functional activity of the ascites tumour cells at different cell cycle stages.

Comparison of the morphometric patterns obtained by electron microscopy with data from the biochemical analysis of metabolism in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and P-388 leukemia cells, in each phase of the cell cycle, shows a distinct correlation between structure and function which is demonstrated by the fact that stage duration in the structure changes coincides with metabolism alteration. Cell volume and total protein content increase simultaneously in all cell cycle stages. Decrease in the heterochromatin fraction in the nuclei occurs against the sharp DNA reduplication and transcription background. Throughout a cell cycle, the cell respiration intensity gradually increases. Simultaneously the number and functional activity of mitochondria increase.

[Endothelial changes in the pulmonary blood vessels of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma and experimental stress]. / Izmeneniia éndoteliia krovenosnykh sosudov legkogo myshei s kartsinomoi legkogo L'iuis pri éksperimental'nom stresse.

The influence of surgical tumour removal and of the emotional-pain stress described by Desiderato on the lung metastases development and lung vascular internal surface state was studied in C57BL mice with Lewis carcinoma. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a stress-damaging effect on vascular walls. It is possible to assume that the stress damage of pulmonary blood vessels greatly influences the stimulation of metastases. Concrete mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are elucidated.

[Pathogenetic aspects of the individualization of diagnosis and prevention of metastasis]. / Patogeneticheskie aspekty individualizatsii prognozirovaniia i profilaktiki metastazirovaniia.

Pathogenetic aspects of individualization of prognosis and prevention of metastatic spreading have been studied for many years. The paper presents the results obtained in the course of the study. Prognostic importance of the indices of external respiration, functional activity of macrophages and natural killers, growth-modifying properties of the blood serum and the angiogenic factor content in it is substantiated. The methods of individual antimetastatic therapy with the application of neurotropic drugs and diet restriction as well as with the use of tests of the metastatic cells' sensitivity to different therapeutic influences are suggested.

[Morphohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract after combined local hyperthermia and radiotherapy]. / Morfogistokhimicheskaia i élektronno-mikroskopicheskaia kharakteristika zlokachestvennykh opukholei verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei pri sochetanii lokal'noi gipertermii i luchevoi terapii.

The paper discusses morphohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of 15 primary tumors of the upper respiratory tract removed following preoperative irradiation in combination with local hyperthermia as a radio-modifying factor. Eighteen tumors removed after irradiation alone served as controls. Application of local microwave hyperthermia resulted in a higher degree of irreversible tumor cell dystrophia and damage. Hyperthermia--induced damage included disorders in ultrastructure of intracellular membranes and cell organelles mainly due to derangement of membrane--binding proteins, protein--lipid and nucleotide complexes. Thermoradiotherapy stimulated protective reaction of surrounding tissue which took the form of increase in fraction of leukocytes and macrophages with high acid phosphatase level in areas of tumor cell damage.

[Expression of oncogenes in transplantable tumors and rodent cell lines]. / Ekspressiia onkogenov v nekotorykh transplantiruemykh opuliakh i kletochnykh liniiakh gryzunov.

The expression of 8 oncogenes in transplanted rodent tumours and cell lines was tested. In 6 cases the synthesis of myc-, fos-, ras-oncogene RNA was observed. The transcription of these oncogenes was observed nonspecifically in tumours of different histological types. No difference in the set of the oncogenes expressed and the size of their transcripts was noticed between transplanted tumours and the cell lines obtained from them. The expression of myb-, sis-, Blym-, erb-B- and abl-was not observed in tested cells.

[Modeling of differentiation and physiological involution in the tissues of induced cancer of the mammary gland]. / Modelirovanie differentsirovki i fiziologicheskoi involiutsii v tkaniakh indutsirovannogo raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The experiments used rats with mammary tumors induced by intravenous injection of DMBA. The animals were treated with alternating courses of estrogen and anti-estrogen (tamoxifen). The former was given in combination with papaverin and low doses of vitamin A. This was followed by light and electron microscopic examination of breast tumors which revealed activation of cell differentiation and tissue-specific function. The death of cells (active autolysis) was similar to one taking place in the course of physiologic involution of the organ but it was unlike liquefying and coagulation necrotic processes usually occurring in tumor.

[Antimetastatic effect of a liposome-enclosed analog of muramyl dipeptide]. / Antimetastaticheskii éffekt analoga muramildipeptida, zakliuchennogov liposomy.

The influence of a new, liposome-encapsulated muramyldipeptide analog--GMDP--on Lewis lung carcinoma spreading was studied in mice in which primary tumor had been removed. The drug was found to significantly decrease the extent and number of lung metastases, as compared to mice which had not received GMDP. This was matched by recovery of alveolar and splenic macrophages functional activity, as assessed by adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase levels in these cells.

[Effect of monovalent cations on the ratio of RNA transcripts from DNA with different repetitive sequences in leukemia P-388 cells]. / Vliianie monovalentnykh kationov na sootnoshenie RNK-transkriptov s raznykh po povtorennosti posledovatel'nostei DNK v kletkakh leikemii P-388.

Using leukemic P-388 cells, it was demonstrated that alterations of the intracellular Na+/K+ ratio results in qualitative changes of newly synthesized mRNA, which manifests itself as changes in the kinetics of hybridization of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) with DNA. The decrease of the Na+/K+ value from 3.8:1 to 1:1 leads to inhibition of mRNA synthesis in mRNA cells hybridized at 10(3) greater than Dot greater than 10(4), but weakly affects the transcription of mRNA sequences hybridized with DNA within the Dot interval of 10(3.4)-10(3.8). A similar phenomenon is observed during hybridization of hnRNA with homogeneous fractions of unique and averagely repeating sequences of DNA. The hybridization rate constants of hnRNA synthesized by cells at different values of Na+/K+ and the limit values of hybridization (H infinity) were calculated. It was shown that the rate constants for RNA hybridization with DNA decrease by more than two orders of magnitude during the transition of the averagely repeating DNA fraction to the unique one; however, in both cases these constants give equal values for the RNA synthesized by cells at different cationic balance. The H infinity values for the RNA synthesized by cells at higher Na+ ratio appeared to be 1.5-2.0 times as high as compared with those for the RNA in the cells, in which the Na+/K+ ratio was 1:1. Thus, the monovalent cation ratio seems to exert a strong influence on the expression of sequences of different repeatedness in the genome and to play a role in the regulation of proliferative activity of the cell.

[Ultrastructural organization of the blood lymphoid cells in hairy cell leukemia]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia organizatsiia limfoidnykh kletok krovi pri volosatokletochnom leikoze.

The cytochemical, immunological, and ultrastructural peculiarities of the hairy-cell leukemia cells are studied. The hairy cells can be identified by characteristic of ultrastructure of organellae: numerous thin processes on the plasma membrane, large cytoplasmic area, well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, numerous vesicules and electron dense granules, a well differentiated lobulated nucleus with a large nucleolus in which the granular component predominates.

[Ultrastructural anomalies of the desmosomal contacts in monolayer transformed cultures]. / Anomalii ul'trastruktury desmosomal'nykh kontaktov v monosloinykh transformirovannykh kul'turakh.

The ultrastructure of cell-cell desmosomal contacts and their cytoskeletal components in the cellular monolayer of transformed epithelial cultures is studied. It is suggested that asymmetry of the desmosomal contact formation, the formation of hemidesmosome-like structures on the lateral surface of one of the contacted cells and defects of cytoskeletal desmosomal components are related to transformational changes in the functionally different contacted cells.

[Monoclonal antibodies to RPMI-1788 lymphoblastoid line cells]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k kletkam limfoblastoidnoi linii RPMI-1788.

Monoclonal antibodies IPO-1--IPO-8 against surface antigens of B-lymphoblastoid cell line RPMI-1788 were prepared. Murine hybridomas were obtained by fusion of immune spleen cells and myeloma cells. Screening of specific antibody production was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence. Expression of these antibodies against a panel of 11 human cell lines was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence. Expression of antigens detected with IPO-1--IPO-8 were investigated on peripheral blood cells of healthy individuals and patients with CLL, ALL, myeloma and on lymph node cells of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Specificity of these MoAbs is discussed. IPO-5 is shown to react with the HLA-related determinant. The antibody IPO-3 appears to recognize a differentiation antigen of human B cells.

[Cytomorphological and endoscopic parallels of precancer and early cancer of the cervix uteri]. / Tsitomorfologicheskie i éndoskopicheskie paralleli predraka i rannego raka sheiki matki.

Complex clinico-endoscopic and morphological study of the uterine cervix pathology is performed in more than 20 000 women since 1962 up to now. The possibility of correlation between the results of endoscopic tests and those of cytomorphological study of the uterine cervix and cervical channel pathological processes is shown. The limitations of the endoscopic analysis are noted. Endoscopical-morphological classification is suggested and tactics of the patient examination with the risk, pretumourous conditions and early carcinoma is grounded.