Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Incidence of Various Cancers. Narrative Review

Obesity is a global epidemic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can harm health. Its incidence is increasing alarmingly in developing countries. It is also a significant risk factor for developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, coronary disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis. Furthermore, associations have been found between obesity and the development of prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, colon, endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancer. Bariatric and metabolic surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities. This surgery can reduce general mortality by 40% at ten years due to cardiovascular outcomes, diabetes, or cancer and improve metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.

La obesidad es una epidemia global, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud, su incidencia está aumentando de forma alarmante en los países en desarrollo. Asimismo, es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, enfermedad coronaria, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y trastornos musculoesqueléticos como la osteoartritis; además, se han encontrado asociaciones entre la obesidad y el desarrollo del cáncer de próstata, hígado, vesícula biliar, riñón, colon, endometrio, mama y ovarios. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica es el tratamiento más eficaz para la obesidad mórbida y sus comorbilidades, esta cirugía puede reducir la mortalidad general en un 40% a los diez años por desenlaces cardiovasculares, diabetes o cáncer, como también mejorar enfermedades metabólicas como la diabetes tipo 2.

Self-reported glaucoma prevalence and related factors, contribution to reported visual impairment, and functional burden in a cross-sectional study in Colombia.

PURPOSE: Describe the self-reported prevalence of glaucoma in Colombian older adults, emphasizing the most important risk factors and associated daily-life functional alterations. METHODS: This a secondary analysis of the Health, Wellness, and Aging survey conducted in the year 2015. Diagnosis of glaucoma was obtained from self-report. Functional variables were assessed through activities of daily living questionnaires. A descriptive analysis followed by bivariate and multivariate regression models adjusting for confounding variables was conducted. RESULTS: Self-reported prevalence of glaucoma was 5.67%, with higher rate in women, OR 1.22 (1.13-1.40) p = .003, older age OR 1.02 (1.01-1.02) p < .001, and with higher education OR 1.38 (1.28-1.50) p < .001. Glaucoma was independently associated with diabetes OR 1.37 (1.18-1.61) p < .001 and hypertension 1.26 (1.08-1.46) p = .003. It also showed statistically significant correlations with poor SRH OR 1.15 (1.02-1.32) p < .001, self-reported visual impairment 1.73 (1.50-2.01) p < .001, and impairment in money management OR 1.59 (1.16-2.08) p = .002, grocery shopping OR 1.57 (1.26-1.96) p < .001 and preparing meals OR 1.31 (1.06-1.63) p = .013 and having had falls during the last year OR 1.14 (1.01-1.31) p = 0.041. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the self-reported prevalence of glaucoma in older adults in Colombia to be higher than reported data. Glaucoma and visual impairment in older adults represent a public health concern, since glaucoma was associated with adverse outcomes like functional loss and risk of falling, affecting the quality of life and their participation in society.

Inestabilidad microsatelital y cáncer gástrico / Microsatellite instability and gastric cancer

La inestabilidad microsatelital es causada por una alteración de los sistemas de reparación de apareamiento incorrecto, que puede afectar los microsatélites dentro de todo el genoma humano, produciendo errores en su replicación. Los estudios publicados, principalmente en la literatura inglesa, han encontrado que algunos tumores, como los gástricos, pueden expresar inestabilidad microsatelital. En la siguiente revisión de tema, se presenta una descripción de los sistemas de reparación de apareamientos incorrectos y su relación con la presencia de inestabilidad microsatelital en los tumores gástricos, así como su posible utilidad clínica, como factor asociado en la respuesta al tratamiento con inmunoterapia en los pacientes con dicha patología

Microsatellite instability is caused by an alteration of the mismatch repair systems, which can affect microsatellites within the entire human genome, causing errors in their replication. Published studies, mainly in the English literature, have found that some tumors, such as gastric ones, can express microsatellite instability. In this review, a description of the mismatch repair systems and their relationship with the presence of microsatellite instability in gastric tumors is presented, as well as its possible clinical utility, as an associated factor in the response to immunotherapy treatment, in patients with gastric cancer