Gamification and neurological motor rehabilitation in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Gamification consists of the use of games in non-playful contexts. It is widely employed in the motor rehabilitation of neurological diseases, but mainly in adult patients. The objective of this review was to describe the use of gamification in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with neuromotor impairment. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of clinical trials published to date on the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scielo, SCOPUS, Dialnet, CINAHL, and PEDro databases, following the PRISMA protocol. The methodological quality of the studies identified was assessed using the PEDro scale. RESULTS: From a total of 469 studies, 11 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. We analysed the gamification systems used as part of the rehabilitation treatment of different neuromotor conditions in children and adolescents. Cerebral palsy was the most frequently studied condition (6 studies), followed by developmental coordination disorder (3), neurological gait disorders (1), and neurological impairment of balance and coordination (1). CONCLUSION: The use of gamification in rehabilitation is helpful in the conventional treatment of neuromotor disorders in children and adolescents, with increased motivation and therapeutic adherence being the benefits with the greatest consensus among authors. While strength, balance, functional status, and coordination also appear to improve, future research should aim to determine an optimal dosage.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Rett syndrome motor evaluation scale (RESMES): Spanish version.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a Spanish version of the Rett Syndrome Motor Evaluation Scale (RESMES) for the locomotor function of Rett Syndrome (RTT) using a transcultural methodology. METHODS: The RESMES was cross-culturally adaptated and validated in the Spanish language (RESMES-sp). This study was divided into two well-differentiated phases: 1) a cross-cultural translation and adaptation; 2) psychometric characteristics analysis of the RESMES-sp (reliability, test-retest, construct validity, criteria validity, error measurements). For criteria validity, PAINAD questionnaire, the scoliosis values and PedsQL™, were used. RESULTS: A total of 63 girls and women diagnosed with RTT participated in this validation study. The total value of the RESMES-sp correlates significantly with all its dimensions, with the correlation value oscillating between 0.645 and 0.939. The correlation value with PAINAD ranges between 0.439 and 0.805; the scoliosis values ranges between 0.245 and 0.564; with PedsQOL™ questionnaire, the correlation values range between 0.273 and 0.663 for the PedsQL™ dimensions, and between 0.447 and 0.648 for the total value of PedsQOL™ questionnaire. The reliability values of Crombach's alpha ranged between 0.897 and 0.998 for the intra-observer analyses and between 0.904 and 0.998 for the inter-observer reliability. The SEM showed a value of 2,829, while the MDC90 showed a value of 6601. The Exploratory Factor Analysis showed 6 factors and values of variance of 86.163%. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the RESMES is a reliable and valid tool for the functional assessment and follow-up of patients with RTT.

A pilot randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of infant massage on the acceptance, commitment and awareness of influence in parents of babies with Down syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The emotional state of parents of babies with Down syndrome affects their babies' development and their parent-child bonding. The aim for this study was to conduct a pilot randomised controlled evaluation of the effect of infant massage on parents of babies with Down syndrome. METHODS: This pilot study compared two groups (intervention and control), each with 16 parents of babies with Down syndrome. Indices of acceptance, engagement and awareness of influence were measured at two different time points (pre-test and after 5 weeks) using the 'This Is My Baby' Interview. The allocation of families to each group was randomised. The experimental group performed infant massage, applied by the parents, for 5 weeks, every day for at least 10 min. The massage protocol was based on the methodology created by Vimala McClure. Parents in the control group received the intervention after completion of the study. RESULTS: The indices of acceptance, commitment and awareness of influence improved in the experimental group and in the control group. The 2 × 2 mixed-model analysis of variance indicates a statistically significant group-by-time interaction for all indices (P < 0.001), which was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The application of infant massage, by parents to their babies, improves the rates of acceptance, commitment and awareness of influence of parents of babies with Down syndrome in the short term.

Gamification and neurological motor rehabilitation in children and adolescents: A systematic review. / Ludificación y neurorrehabilitación motora en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Gamification consists of the use of games in non-playful contexts. It is widely employed in the motor rehabilitation of neurological diseases, but mainly in adult patients. The objective of this review was to describe the use of gamification in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with neuromotor impairment. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of clinical trials published to date on the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scielo, SCOPUS, Dialnet, CINAHL, and PEDro databases, following the PRISMA protocol. The methodological quality of the studies identified was assessed using the PEDro scale. RESULTS: From a total of 469 studies, 10 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. We analysed the gamification systems used as part of the rehabilitation treatment of different neuromotor conditions in children and adolescents. Cerebral palsy was the most frequently studied condition (6studies), followed by developmental coordination disorder (3), and neurological impairment of balance and coordination (1). CONCLUSION: The use of gamification in rehabilitation is helpful in the conventional treatment of neuromotor disorders in children and adolescents, with increased motivation and therapeutic adherence being the benefits with the greatest consensus among authors. While strength, balance, functional status, and coordination also appear to improve, future research should aim to determine an optimal dosage.