[Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome in children]. / Síndrome de hipersensibilidade aos antiepilépticos na criança.

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, or DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms), is a rare multisystem disorder, potentially fatal, that occurs after exposure to antiepileptic drugs, mainly aromatic ones. Clinically, this condition is recognized by the classic triad of fever, rash and internal organ involvement that usually develops 1 to 12 weeks after initiation of therapy. We report a case of a child treated with sodium valproate for epilepsy that showed a febrile rash 4 weeks after being medicated with phenobarbital. Laboratory testing revealed leukocytosis with eosinophilia elevated C-reactive protein and liver enzymes. Phenobarbital was suspended, with slow full recovery. This syndrome may mimic infectious, immunologic and neoplastic conditions, which may delay the correct diagnosis, but must be excluded in the presence of characteristic clinical features and drug exposition.

Selective intrauterine growth restriction and vascular abnormalities of monochorionic placentation / Restrição seletiva do crescimento intrauterino e patologia vascular das placentas monocoriônicas

It is reported the clinical case of a biamnionic monochorionic twin gestation, with selective intrauterine growth restriction diagnosed at 18 weeks in the second twin and significant weight discordance, with intermittently absent end-diastolic umbilical artery flow. Possible etiology, diagnosis, classification, clinical outcome and prognosis are discussed. This is not a situation of wide acceptance yet, but in recent studies it seems to identify a subgroup with a high risk of death in the smaller twin and neurological damage in the other one.

Relata um caso clínico de gestação biamniótica monocoriónica, com restrição de crescimento intrauterino seletivo diagnosticada com 18 semanas no segundo gêmeo e grande discrepância ponderal, com fluxos diastólicos finais intermitentemente ausentes na artéria umbilical. Discute-se a possível etiologia, diagnóstico, classificação, evolução clínica e prognóstico desta entidade. É uma situação ainda não muito valorizada, que em estudos recentes parece identificar um subgrupo com risco aumentado de morte no gêmeo menor e de lesão neurológica no maior.