RESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the rate and risk factors of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), the timing of transmission and the transmitted subtype in a population where subtypes B and C co-circulate. One hundred and forty-four babies born to HIV-1-infected mothers were studied. Subtype and timing of transmission were determined by a nested polymerase chain reaction of the gp41 gene. Seven children were infected (4.9%): four were infected intrautero and one intrapartum. The higher frequency of intrautero transmission was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Use of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in the three stages of gestation was a protective risk factor for MTCT (PR = 0.42; CI: 0.21-0.83; P = 0.013). A higher HIV viral load at delivery was the only independent risk factor for MTCT. Early and universal access to ARVs during pregnancy are the most important measures to decrease vertical HIV-1 transmission even in areas where HIV clade distribution differs.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/transmissão , HIV-1 , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Adulto , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Feminino , Proteína gp41 do Envelope de HIV/genética , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Carga ViralRESUMO
The present study was carried out at the Municipalities of São Paulo and Guarulhos with undergraduate nursing students and aimed at evaluating their knowledge regarding neonatal nursing and, if necessary, to contribute to the program reformulation. Thus, we would be able to improve nurses knowledge on the full-term new born care. In order to develop a structured questionnaire to be used as an instrument to measure the studied variable, aspects of the theoretical content related to the most common care procedures at the neonatal unit were selected. Authors found that students' theoretical knowledge on the theme was regular.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Enfermagem Neonatal/educação , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This study was realized in the outpatient ward of bone marrow transplantation. The sample consisted of 17 adult patients and six workers. The data was collected from October to December, 1996, being obtained through filming, decodification of the films, a questionnaire and interview with the workers. The purposes were to identify in what situations the different types occurred, and which regions of the body were involved. It was found that most of the touching was of the instrumental type. The regions touched were the thorax and upper limbs.
Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial/métodos , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Tato , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Transplante de Medula Óssea/enfermagem , Transplante de Medula Óssea/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados de Enfermagem/psicologia , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gravação de VideoteipeRESUMO
Estudo retospectivo de 104 casos entre 10 e 20 anos de idade, atendidos em 1982 no Setor de Emergencia do HMSA.Foram levantados dados relativos a idade, sexo, cor mes e horario do atendimento, modo como chegaram ao hospital, destino dos pacientes e reincidencias. Do ponto de vista medico ha necessidade de ser bem investigado na amnamese o tipo de inalante usado, ja que seus efeitos imediatos sao semelhantes mas por serem diferentes em sua composicao diferem na sua toxicidade. O quadro psicossocial destes jovens e semelhantes. Buscam um prazer rapido, facil e barato, que lhes permita por instantes fugir de uma realidade dificil. A perda da autocritica e a sensacao de onipotencia apos a inalacao os levam a pratica de atos delinquenciais e frequentes contratos com a policia
