Preparation and extraction of chorion proteins from Salmo salar embryos at the pigmented eye stage for electrophoresis with SDS-polyacrylamide gel.

The chorion fulfills important functions in fish embryos, including protecting the embryo during development. The characterization of the protein profile of this envelope could be used as a bioindicator in the evaluation of the quality of embryonic development. The object of this work was to validate a standardized protocol for protein extraction from chorion of Salmo salar embryos at 280 accumulated thermal units (ATU) by comparing and combining existing methods. The protocol consists of consecutive washing of the chorion samples followed by protein extraction with the solution that was named SDS solution (Tris-HCl 100 mM (pH 8), Urea 8 M, 1% SDS, ß-mercaptoethanol 300 mM and EGTA 10 Mm, and 1% protease inhibitor cocktail) and mechanical methods. Protein extraction is enhanced by a working temperature of 75 °C and use of a disperser. The protein concentration was quantified by Bradford Assay. After extraction, the samples were diluted (dilution factor 10) before reading against the calibration curve. After gel electrophoresis with a load of 3 µg of protein, staining showed more than 4 bands, with molecular weights between 25 kDa and 180 kDa.•The protein profile of fish chorion was between 25 kDa and 180 kDa.•Solution containing 1% SDS allows a higher extraction of proteins from the chorion of Atlantic salmon embryos with 280 ATU.•Chorion protein identification is a valuable tool in determining gamete and embryo quality in fish.

The REWRITE Study - REal-WoRld effectIveness of TrifluridinE/tipiracil in Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

AIMS: In the pivotal RECOURSE trial, trifluridine/tipiracil improved survival outcomes in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), while demonstrating an acceptable toxicity profile. Routine clinical practice evidence is important to support the ongoing value of recently approved medicines. Our objective was to assess the utilisation patterns and real-world effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil in previously treated mCRC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study including consecutive patients who started trifluridine/tipiracil between 1 April 2018 and 30 September 2019 in the medical oncology departments of three major public hospitals in Portugal. The primary outcome measure was overall survival. Associations between overall survival and patient and tumour characteristics were assessed using multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: In total, 111 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 64 years. From these, 45.9% received two prior lines of treatment, 47.8% had three or more previous lines of treatment and 83.6% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 at baseline. The median duration of trifluridine/tipiracil treatment was 3.7 cycles (95% confidence interval 3.4-4.1). Most patients (80.4%) remained on their planned dose throughout the trifluridine/tipiracil treatment period, fulfilling 100% relative dose intensity. The median overall survival in the total study cohort was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval 6.4-9.8) and the median progression-free survival was 3.4 months (95% confidence interval 3.2-3.9). The median overall survival was significantly higher in patients with a normal serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (median overall survival 11.2 months for [135, 205] IU/l LDH [95% confidence interval 8.2-NR] and 13.6 months for [205, 251] IU/l LDH [95% confidence interval 8.2-NR]) and in better fitted (ECOG = 0-1) patients (median overall survival 8.0 months; 95% confidence interval 6.7-10.0). The median time to worsening performance status was 6.2 months (95% confidence interval 5.0-8.0). Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was low (3.1%). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil in real-life mCRC patients. Overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes are consistent with the efficacy profile reported in the earlier randomised RECOURSE clinical trial. Like other real-world studies, we found no additional safety concerns in the use of trifluridine/tipiracil.

Multimodality imaging in connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease.

Interstitial lung disease is a well-recognised manifestation and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with connective tissue diseases. Interstitial lung disease may arise in the context of an established connective tissue disease or be the initial manifestation of an otherwise occult autoimmune disorder. Early detection and characterisation are paramount for adequate patient management and require a multidisciplinary approach, in which imaging plays a vital role. Computed tomography is currently the imaging method of choice; however, other imaging techniques have recently been investigated, namely ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron-emission tomography, with promising results. The aim of this review is to describe the imaging findings of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease and explain the role of each imaging technique in diagnosis and disease characterisation.

Autoimmunity and periodontal disease: Arguing a possible correlation.

Currently, there is a growing interest in studying systemic conditions associated with periodontal disease such as autoimmune disorders. Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease of the dental supporting tissues. The microorganisms associated with periodontal disease constitute diverse species that can colonize the oral cavity and influence the emergence or evolution of autoimmunity, characterized by a breakdown in the mechanisms of tolerance to self-antigens. Here, we reviewed and discussed a possible correlation between periodontal disease and autoimmunity, placing periodontal-pathogenic microorganisms as orchestrators of these pathological conditions.

Protease em dietas com baixa proteína contendo farinha de Penas para codornas de corte / [Protease in low-protein diets for meat-type quails containing feather meal]

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de protease em dietas com baixa proteína contendo farinha de penas (FP) sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 240 codornas, machos, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x 3 (com e sem protease x 3 níveis de FP (0%, 5% e 10%)), totalizando seis tratamentos (dieta reduzida (DR) em 8% da exigência de proteína bruta e aminoácidos + 0% FP; DR + 5% FP; DR + 10% FP; DR + 0% FP + protease; DR + 5% FP + protease e DR + 10% FP + protease), quatro repetições de 10 codornas por parcela, nas fases de oito-21 dias e oito-35 dias de idade. Observou-se interação (P≤0,05) entre os níveis de FP e protease no ganho de peso de oito-21 dias. Os níveis de FP influenciaram (P≤0,05) o consumo de ração e o ganho de peso de oito-21 e oito-35 e a conversão alimentar de oito-21 dias. Verificou-se interação (P≤0,05) entre aprotease e a inclusão de FPpara o peso corporalaos 35 dias. Conclui-se que aFP pode ser utilizada em até 5% em dietas para codornas de corte semsuplementação comprotease.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate protease supplementation in low-protein diets containing feather meal (FP) on the performance and carcass yield of meat-type quails. Twenty male quails were used in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (with and without protease x 3 FP levels (0, 5 and 10%)), totaling six treatments (Reduced diet (RD) in 8 % of the requirement of crude protein and amino acids + 0% FP; RD + 5% FP; RD + 10% FP; RD + 0% FP + protease; RD + 5% FP + protease and RD + 10% FP + protease), four replicates of 10 quails per plot, in the phases of 8-21 days and 8-35 days of age. Interaction (P≤0.05) was observed between FP and protease levels on weight gain over the period of 8-21 days. The levels of FP influenced (P≤0.05) the feed intake and the weight gain of 8-21 and 8-35 and the feed conversion ratio of 8-21 days. There was interaction (P≤0.05) between protease supplementation and FP inclusion for body weight at 35 days. It is concluded that FP can be used up to 5% in diets for meat-type quails without protease supplementation.(AU)

Características do trato digestivo, metabolizabilidade e retenção de nutrientes em frangos de corte alimentados com complexo enzimático / Characteristics of the digestive tract, metabolizability and nutrient retention in broilers fed enzymatic complex

The objective was to evaluate the digestive tract characteristics, metabolizability and nutrient retention of broilers fed diets supplemented with enzyme complex (EC). To evaluate the characteristics of the digestive tract 600 female Cobb 500 birds were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 inclusion levels of the EC (0; 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/ton) and 6 replicates of 20 birds each. To evaluate the metabolizability and the retention of nutrients 200 female Cobb 500 birds at 15 days of age were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with 5 levels of supplementation of the EC and 4 replicates of 10 birds each. No significant effects (P>0.05) were observed for the supplementation of the EC in the intestinal pH, digestive organ weight, intestinal length and metabolizable coefficients of dry matter and crude protein. The metabolizable coefficient of ethereal extract was influenced in a quadratic decreasing form (P<0.01). The metabolizable coefficients of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were influenced in a quadratic increase (P<0.01), resulting in increased Ca retention in 21.39% and P in 9.56%. Supplementation of the EC in broiler diets improves the metabolizability and retention of P and Ca, without affecting the other parameters evaluated.(AU)

Ocular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a paradigm shift based on the experience of a tertiary referral center.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ocular involvement in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of a tertiary referral center and to compare the results with the existing literature. METHODS: Patients underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, fluorescein staining, Schirmer-I test, Goldmann applanation tonometry, fundoscopy, 10-2 automated threshold visual fields, fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to screen for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) macular toxicity. RESULTS: A total of 161 patients (16 men and 145 women) were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 47.6 years and the mean disease duration was 11.5 years. Fifty patients (31.1%) had at least one ocular manifestation of SLE. The most frequent manifestation was dry eye syndrome (12.4%), immediately followed by cataracts (11.2%) and HCQ macular toxicity (11.2%). Among patients with HCQ maculopathy, two presented with an atypical spectral-domain optical coherence tomography pattern. Five patients (3.1%) presented with glaucoma, two patients (1.2%) presented with SLE retinopathy while only one presented with lupus choroidopathy (0.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous studies, we conclude there has been a significant reduction in disease-related ocular complications, particularly those associated with poor systemic disease control. On the other hand, drug and age-related complications are assuming a prominent role in the ophthalmic care of these patients.

Antimicrobial Capacity of a Hydroxyapatite-Lysozyme-Lactoferrin-Lactoperoxidase Combination Against Streptococcus mutans for the Treatment of Dentinal Caries.

CONTEXT: Hydroxyapatite has shown to regenerate the mineralized layer of dentin, whereas the combination of the enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase may exhibit antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens. AIMS: To evaluate a combination of hydroxyapatite and lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase for the treatment of dentinal caries by measuring viable Streptococcus mutans. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Laboratory study with experimental groups. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Carious lesions in 20 permanent third molars were treated with a combination of hydroxyapatite and the enzymes lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase. Carious dentin was collected and homogenized in a vortex shaker. After homogenization, five decimal dilutions were performed. Three aliquots of 25 µL of each dilution were seeded onto the surface of mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) medium. All plates were incubated in anaerobic jars. After incubation, the viable bacterial count was determined. S. mutans counts were obtained before and 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistical analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test, supplemented by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: A significant reduction in S. mutans counts was observed 24 h after sealing with a combination of hydroxyapatite, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase as compared to counts after 1 month and after 6 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of hydroxyapatite with lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase may be an alternative for S. mutans control in dentinal caries.

Posterior urethral valves: comparison of clinical outcomes between postnatal and antenatal cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) constitute the most common infravesical urinary obstruction in boys and are often accompanied by severe consequences to the lower and upper urinary tract. Currently, about two-thirds of diagnosis of PUVs has been suspected by prenatal ultrasonography findings. The aim of this study was to compare long-term clinical outcomes in two groups of patients with PUVs, with antenatal vs. postnatal diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of 173 patients with PUVs systematically followed up in a tertiary center. Median follow-up time was 66.5 months (interquartile range [IQ], 11.4-147.9 months) for those patients who survived neonatal period. Seventy-nine (45.6%) patients were followed up for more than 5 years and 55 (32%) for more than 10 years. For analysis, the cohort was stratified into two groups according to the clinical presentation (prenatal vs. postnatal). The events of interest were urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical interventions, proteinuria, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and death. Survival analyses were performed to evaluate time until occurrence of the events. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients (35.8%) were diagnosed by fetal sonography. Patients of postnatal group presented a higher incidence rate of UTI episodes (6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-8.3) than antenatal group (1.2, 95% CI, 0.4-2.7) (P < 0.001). Thirty-six patients (21%) presented hypertension, and 77 (44.5%) had persistent mild proteinuria. There was no significant difference in the estimated incidence of hypertension (P = 0.28) and proteinuria (P = 0.78) between antenatal and postnatal groups. The cumulative incidence of CKD stage ≥3 was estimated to be about 37% at 10 years of age, and 56% at 18 years of age. By survival analysis, there was no significant difference in the estimated incidence of CKD stage ≥3 (log-rank = 0.32, P = 0.57) and CKD stage 5 (log-rank = 1.08, P = 0.28, Figure) between antenatal and postnatal groups. Of 173 patients included in the analysis, 13 (7.5%) died during follow-up with a median age of 2.6 months (IQ, 15 days-62 months). Survival analyses have not shown any significant difference in the estimated incidence of death between antenatal and postnatal groups (log-rank = 1.38, P = 0.24). CONCLUSION: The study findings did not corroborate the initial hypothesis that the rates of renal function declining in patients with PUVs would be attenuated by an early diagnosis and intervention after antenatal diagnosis.

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Escherichia albertii in Brazil: pathotypes and serotypes over a 6-year period of surveillance.

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a leading cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide. In recent years, Escherichia albertii has also been implicated as a cause of human enteric diseases. This study describes the occurrence of E. coli pathotypes and serotypes associated with enteric illness and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) isolated in Brazil from 2011 to 2016. Pathotypes isolated included enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). PCR of stool enrichments for DEC pathotypes was employed, and E. albertii was also sought. O:H serotyping was performed on all DEC isolates. A total of 683 DEC and 10 E. albertii strains were isolated from 5047 clinical samples. The frequencies of DEC pathotypes were 52.6% (359/683) for EPEC, 32.5% for EAEC, 6.3% for ETEC, 4.4% for EIEC and 4.2% for STEC. DEC strains occurred in patients from 3 months to 96 years old, but EPEC, EAEC and STEC were most prevalent among children. Both typical and atypical isolates of EPEC and EAEC were recovered and presented great serotype heterogeneity. HUS cases were only associated with STEC serotype O157:H7. Two E. albertii isolates belonged to serogroup O113 and one had the stx2f gene. The higher prevalence of atypical EPEC in relation to EAEC in community-acquired diarrhoea in Brazil suggests a shift in the trend of DEC pathotypes circulation as previously EAEC predominated. This is the first report of E. albertii isolation from active surveillance. These results highlight the need of continuing DEC and E. albertii surveillance, as a mean to detect changes in the pattern of pathotypes and serotypes circulation and provide useful information for intervention and control strategies.

The role of microsurgical flaps in primary burn reconstruction.

Despite the wide and growing use of microsurgery, its application in primary burn reconstruction is not very frequent as it faces a number of additional challenges in this setting. A retrospective analysis of the clinical records of all patients submitted to microvascular free tissue transfer for primary burn reconstruction over an 8-year period (from January 2009 to December 2016) was performed. An evaluation of the indications, timing, principles of flap selection, complications and outcomes of free tissue transfer in primary burn reconstruction was made. Fourteen patients required 18 microsurgical flaps for acute soft tissue reconstruction (1.1% of all patients admitted). 64.3% of the patients were male. The mean age was 59.64 years, and mean TBSA was 10.5%. The majority of the injuries were caused by flames (71.4%), followed by electrical contact (21.4%). The primary indication for microsurgical reconstruction was tissue deficit with exposure of tendons, nerves, vessels, bone and/or joints after debridement. The procedure was more often performed in the early period after injury (between the 5th and 22nd day). The most frequently used flaps were the Latissimus dorsi and the anterolateral thigh flap. Major complications included 2 total flap failures (11.1%) and a partial flap failure that required reconstruction with another free flap. Microsurgical free flaps have a valuable role in primary burn reconstruction. Despite the reported higher complication rate in this specific clinical scenario, their use may reduce the total number of surgeries needed to achieve wound closure.

Bien que de plus en plus utilisée, la microchirurgie est rarement utilisée dans la prise en charge initiale des brûlés, et doit faire face à plusieurs difficultés supplémentaires dans cette indication. Nous avons effectué une analyse rétrospective des dossiers de tous les patients brûlés entre janvier 2009 et décembre 2016 ayant bénéficié au stade d'un lambeau libre (LL). Nous avons évalué l'indication, le délai, la sélection du site donneur, les complications et l'évolution du lambeau. Quatorze patients (1,1% du total) dont 64,5% d'hommes ont bénéficié de 18 LL. L'âge moyen était de 59,64 ans, la surface brûlée de 10,5%. La majorité des brûlures (71,4%) étaient dues à une flamme, 21,4% à l'électricité. L'indication principale était l'exposition ostéo-articulaire ou d'éléments nobles (tendons, nerfs, vaisseaux) après excision. La réalisation du LL était précoce (J5-J22). Les sites donneurs étaient Latissimus dorsi et la région antéro-latérale de cuisse. Deux lambeaux ont totalement nécrosé, un partiellement, ce qui a nécessité la réalisation d'un second LL. Les LL ont une place dans la prise en charge initiale des brûlés. Bien de grevés d'un taux de complications plus élevé dans cette indication, ils peuvent permettre de diminuer le nombre d'interventions nécessaires à la cicatrisation.

Evaluation of apical transportation and centring ability of five thermally treated NiTi rotary systems.

AIM: To evaluate apical transportation and centring ability during root canal preparation in mesial root canals of mandibular molars associated with ProTaper Gold (PTG), ProDesign S (PDS), Hyflex CM (HCM), Hyflex EDM and ProDesign Logic (PDL). METHODOLOGY: Sixty mandibular first molars with two separate canals in the mesial root were selected after root anatomy pairing by microcomputed tomography (microCT). The teeth were randomly divided into five groups (n = 24); the root canal volume was calculated to ensure sample homogeneity. All the root canals were prepared up to size 25 in accordance with the instructions of each rotary system manufacturer. After root canal preparation, the teeth were scanned by microCT to analyse apical transportation, root canal centralization and the pre- and post-preparation root canal volume at the apical and cervical levels. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for comparisons amongst groups for transportation values. For volume changes, the parametric ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used RESULTS: There were no significant differences in apical transportation amongst the rotary systems (P > 0.05). All the systems created apical transportation; values ranging from 0.031 mm (PDL) to 0.072 mm (PTG), and enlargements between 39% (HCM) and 91.1% (PDS) were observed. In relative to cervical transportation, significant differences were observed amongst the systems (P < 0.05). Mean transportation values between 0.07 mm (HCM) and 0.172 mm (PTG) were found, with enlargements between 35.4% (HCM) and 51.5% (PDS). CONCLUSION: All the thermally treated systems resulted in similar apical transportation. In the cervical region, the Hyflex CM and Prodesign Logic systems were associated with more centred preparations.

Desempenho e características de carcaça de três genótipos comerciais de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes dietas / Performance and carcass traits of three commercial broiler genotypes fed different diets

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte de três genótipos comerciais do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Utilizou-se um total de 2.970 pintos de três genótipos de aves comerciais (Cobb 500, Hubbard Flex e Ross 308). Os programas nutricionais foram dieta basal, dieta com 10% mais e 10% menos de aminoácidos do que a dieta basal. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3x2 (genótipo x dieta x sexo), com cinco repetições e 33 aves por unidade experimental. Conversão alimentar, ganho de peso diário, ingestão da dieta e peso corporal aos 35 dias de idade foram registrados. Duas aves de cada unidade experimental foram amostradas e abatidas aos 35 dias de idade para avaliar as seguintes características de carcaça: peso corporal no momento do abate, peso da carcaça e rendimento, e peso e rendimento dos cortes (peito, pernas e asas). Houve uma interação significativa entre o genótipo e sexo para GPD e PC35. Os machos apresentaram melhores desempenhos e características de carcaças do que as fêmeas.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate performance and carcass traits of three commercial broiler genotypes from hatch to 35 days of age. A total of 2,970 sexed one day old chicks of three commercial broiler genotypes (Cobb 500, Hubbard Flex and Ross 308) were used. The nutritional programs were basal diet, diet with 10% more and 10% less amino acids than the basal diets. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 3x3x2 (genotype x diet x sex) factorial scheme, with five replicates and 33 birds per experimental unit. Feed conversion, daily weight gain, diet intake and body weight at 35 days of age were recorded. Two birds from each experimental unit were sampled and slaughtered at 35 days of age to evaluate the following carcass traits: slaughter body weight, carcass weight and yield, and main cuts (breast, legs and wings) weight and yield. There was a significant interaction between genotype and sex for ADG and BW35. Males fed basal diets presented higher performance and carcass traits in comparison to females.(AU)

A combined variation of Palmaris longus and Flexor digitorum superficialis: Case report and review of literature.

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm often exhibit anatomic variations. During dissection of the upper right limb of a preserved cadaver, morphological variations in the Palmaris longus and Flexor digitorum superficialis muscles were found. The Palmaris longus muscular fibers converged to a tendon that passed beneath the Flexor retinaculum, and inserted at the base of the middle phalanx of the fourth digit, replacing the tendon of Flexor digitorum superficialis. The Flexor digitorum superficialis was divided into two muscular heads: a digastric medial head giving tendons to the second and fifth digits, and a lateral head giving one tendon to the third digit. All these tendons were inserted in the respective digits by two bundles between which were located the tendon of the Flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Variations of flexor muscles must be documented because of their clinical significance and their potential use of these muscles in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery.

Lisina digestível na ração de frangos de corte tipo caipira na fase de crescimento / Dietary digestible lysine in free-range broiler chickens during the growth phase

O presente experimento foi conduzido para determinar as exigências de lisina digestível para frangos de corte (linhagem Redbro), machos e fêmeas, durante o período de crescimento. Foram utilizados 630 frangos, alojados em 30 boxes com acesso à área de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (lisina e sexo), e três repetições com 21 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 7,07; 8,07; 9,07; 10,07 e 11,07g/kg. Avaliou-se o consumo de lisina, o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Observou-se efeito de interação (P<0,05) entre os níveis de lisina e sexo para o ganho de peso. Houve efeito (P<0,01) dos níveis de lisina sobre o consumo de lisina, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Verificou-se que todas as variáveis foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo sexo dos frangos. Recomendam-se 10,08 e 9,49g de lisina digestível/kg de ração, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 21 e 20g de lisina, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, para melhor ganho de peso das aves. Para melhor conversão alimentar, recomendam-se 9,61g de lisina digestível/kg, para frangos de ambos os sexos, correspondendo ao consumo estimado de 20g de lisina.(AU)

This experiment was conducted to determine the requirements of digestible lysine in male and female free-range broiler chickens (Redbro lineage) during the growth phase. Six hundred and thirty broiler chickens were allocated in 30 pens with access to the pasture area. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5x2 (lysine and gender) factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions with 21 chickens each. The levels of digestible lysine evaluated were: 7.07, 8.07, 9.07, 10.07 and 11.07g/kg. The performance traits evaluated were lysine intake, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. An interaction effect (P<0.05) was observed between dietary lysine level and gender for body weight gain. There was an effect (P<0.01) of the levels of lysine on lysine intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It was found that all the variables were affected (P<0.05) for the gender of chickens. We recommended 10.08 and 9.49 g of digestible lysine/kg diet, corresponding to the estimated intake of 21 and 20g of lysine, for males and females, respectively, for better body weight gain of chickens. For better feed conversion ratio, the recommendation is of 9.61 g of lysine/kg of diets, for chickens of both genders, corresponding to the estimated intake of 20g of lysine.(AU)

Successful treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with subcutaneous immunoglobulin.

The therapeutic efficacy of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is well established. However, side effects might limit its use and lead to the consideration of therapeutic alternatives, such as the subcutaneous formulation of immunoglobulin, which has been used in some patients with other autoimmune diseases. We report a case of SLE refractory to classical therapies. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin was effective, but gave rise to significant side effects. The patient was successfully treated with subcutaneous human immunoglobulin, achieving and maintaining clinical and laboratory remission. A lower immunoglobulin dose was needed and no side effects were observed, compared to the intravenous administration. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin could be a better-tolerated and cost-saving therapeutic option for select SLE patients.

Seleção e classificação multivariada de modelos não lineares para frangos de corte / Selection and classification of multivariate nonlinear models for broilers

Objetivou-se com este estudo utilizar a técnica de análise de agrupamento para classificar modelos de regressão não lineares usados para descrever a curva de crescimento de frangos de corte, levando em consideração os resultados de diferentes avaliadores de qualidade de ajuste. Para tanto, utilizaram-se dados de peso corporal e idade dos seguintes grupos genéticos de frangos de corte: Cobb500, Hubbard Flex e Ross308, de ambos os sexos, constituindo, assim, seis classes. Foram ajustados 10 modelos não lineares, cuja qualidade de ajuste foi medida pelo coeficiente de determinação ajustado, pelos critérios de informação de Akaike e bayesiano, pelo quadrado médio do erro e pelo índice assintótico. A análise de agrupamento indicou os modelos logístico, Michaelis-Menten, Michaelis-Menten modificado e von Bertalanffy como os mais adequados à descrição das curvas de crescimento das seis classes estudadas.

The aim of this study was to classify non-linear models used to describe the growth curve of broilers using the cluster analysis technique, taking into account the results of different measures of quality adjustment regression. For this purpose, we used data of body weight and age the following genetic groups of broilers: Cobb500, Hubbard Flex and Ross308, of both sexes, thus constituting six classes. Ten non-linear models were fitted, the quality of fit was measured by the adjusted coefficient of determination, Akaike information criteria and Bayesian, mean square error and index asymptotic. Cluster analysis indicated the Logistico, Michaelis Menten, Michaelis Menten Modificado and von Bertalanffy models as the most appropriate description of the growth curves for the six classes studied.

Crescimento de codornas de diferentes grupos genéticos por meio de modelos não lineares / Growth comparison of different genetic groups using nonlinear models

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho ajustar modelos não lineares para descrever o padrão de crescimento de genótipos de codornas de corte e de postura do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizados dados de 1280 codornas machos e fêmeas, provenientes de sete genótipos de codornas de corte (EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1, LF2) e um de postura. Todas as codornas foram pesadas a cada sete dias, do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram ajustados os modelos Brody, Gompertz, Logístico, Richards e von Bertalanffy aos dados de peso corporal de todos os genótipos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o PROC NLIN do SAS (Statistical Analysis System, versão 9.0). Os critérios empregados para a escolha do melhor modelo para descrever a curva de crescimento foram o coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R2), o desvio padrão assintótico (DPA), o desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos (DMA), o índice assintótico (IA), o critério de informação bayesiano (BIC), o critério de Akaike (AIC) e o quadrado médio do erro (QME). Todos os modelos não lineares testados convergiram, com exceção do modelo Brody, que não convergiu para nenhum genótipo avaliado. O modelo Richards não convergiu para o genótipo postura. Os parâmetros da curva de crescimento estimados pelos modelos indicaram maior precocidade, em geral, do genótipo postura comparado aos demais genótipos. O modelo Richards apresentou superestimação do ponto de inflexão para todos os genótipos, exceto para o genótipo postura. Os modelos Gompertz, Logístico e von Bertalanffy são recomendados para descrever o crescimento de codornas de corte dos grupos genéticos em estudo. O modelo Brody não convergiu, por isso não é recomendado para descrever o crescimento dos grupos genéticos de codornas em estudo.

This work aimed to adjust nonlinear models to describe the growth pattern of meat type and posture quail genotypes from hatch to 35 days of age. A total of 1280 male and female quails from EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1 and LF2 and Posture genotypes were weighed every seven days, from hatch to 35 days of age. Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy and Richards models were used to fit the growth of the genetic groups. Statistical analyses were performed using PROC NLIN of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.0). The criteria used to select the model showing the best goodness of fit to the growth of the genotypes were: Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (R2), Asymptotic Standard Deviation (DPA), Absolut Mean Deviation (DMA), Asymptotic Index (AI), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Errors Mean Square (MSE). All nonlinear models converged for the studied genotypes, except Richard the model for the Posture genotype. In general, the estimated parameters for the growth curve using nonlinear models suggested higher precocity for the Posture genotype in comparison to meat type genotypes. The Richard model overestimates the inflection point for all genotypes, except for the Posture genotype. The Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy are recommended to describe the growth patterns of the studied quail genetic groups. The Brody model did not converge and is not recommended to describe the genetic growth of the studied groups.

Características de desempenho e de carcaça em diferentes genótipos de codornas de corte / Performance and carcass traits of different meat type genotypes

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar e correlacionar as características de desempenho e de carcaça em codornas de corte do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1176 codornas de um dia, machos e fêmeas, de sete genótipos de codornas de corte (EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1 e LF2), distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com ensaio fatorial 7x2 (genótipo x sexo), em sete repetições com 12 codornas por unidade experimental. As codornas foram pesadas individualmente do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade, em intervalos semanais. Aos 35 dias de idade, dois machos e duas fêmeas de cada genótipo e repetição foram amostrados e abatidos para avaliação do peso de carcaça e dos cortes nobres. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o procedimento GLM e CORR com a opção MANOVA do SAS para avaliar as diferenças entre os genótipos e a correlação entre as variáveis. Não houve interação (P≥0,05) entre genótipo e sexo para as características de desempenho (peso e ganho de peso nas diferentes idades). Entretanto, houve efeito significativo da interação genótipo x sexo (P<0,05) para as características de pesos de carcaça, peito e coxa+sobrecoxa. Em geral, as codornas dos grupos genéticos UFV1, UFV2 e UFV3 foram as mais pesadas dos sete aos 35 dias de idade e apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça. Como observado pelas correlações fenotípicas, a tendência é que codornas que apresentam maior peso corporal e ganho de peso irão apresentar maior peso de carcaça e dos seus principais cortes.(AU)

This study was carried out to compare and relate the performance and carcass traits of different quail genotypes from hatch to 35 days of age. A total of 1176 one-day-old quails of both sexes were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 7x2 factorial scheme (genotypes x sexes), in seven replicates with 12 quails per experimental unit. Quails of each genotype were weighed weekly from hatch to 35 days of age. At 35 days of age two males and two females of each genotype and replicate were sampled and slaughtered to evaluate carcass weight and main cut yield. Statistical analyses were performed by GLM and CORR procedure from the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2000, version 9.0), with the MANOVA option of the SAS device to assess the differences between the genotypes and the correlation between variables. There was no interaction (P≥0.05) between genotype and sex with the performance characteristics of weight and weight gain. However, there was a significant effect of genotype x sex (P<0.05) for the characteristics carcass,breast, thigh and drumstick weights. In general, quails of genetic groups UFV1, UFV2 and UFV3 were heavier from 7 to 35 days of age. We observed that for the correlation the tendency is that quail that showed higher body weight and weight gain will have greater housing and main cuts weight.(AU)

Associação de carboidrases e fitase em dietas valorizadas e seus efeitos sobre desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras leves / Association of carbohydrases and phytase in enriched diets ranked and its effects on performance and quality of eggs from light laying hens

Foram utilizadas 350 aves da linhagem comercial Bovans White, com o objetivo de avaliar a associação de carboidrases e fitase em dietas valorizadas sobre o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras leves. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos e 7 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1- Controle positivo sem adição de enzimas e sem valorização dos nutrientes; T2- Controle negativo (CN) 1, valorizando em 1,5% e 6% a EMA (kcal/kg), respectivamente para o milho e o farelo de soja, e em 2% a proteína bruta (PB) e os aminoácidos digestíveis limitantes mais a matriz completa para a enzima fitase; T3- CN 2, valorizando em 1,5% e 6% a EMA (kcal/kg), respectivamente para o milho e o farelo de soja, e em 2% a proteína bruta (PB) e os aminoácidos digestíveis limitantes mais a matriz incompleta para a enzima fitase; T4- suplementado com 100g ton-1 de carboidrase e 30g ton-1 de fitase; T5- suplementado com 100g ton-1 de carboidrase e 30g ton-1 de fitase. Os tratamentos controle positivo, T2, T3, T4 e T5, com ou sem suplementação enzimática, garantiram o desempenho no que diz respeito ao consumo de ração, produção, peso e perdas de ovos e qualidade da casca.

A total of 350 commercial Bovans White laying hens were used to evaluate the association of carbohydrases and phytase in enriched diets and its effects on performance and egg quality of laying hens. The experiment used a randomized design with five treatments and seven replicates. The treatments were: 1. Positive control without added enzymes and without nutrient enrichment, 2. Negative control (NC) 1 with 1.5% and 6% AME (kcal/kg) enrichment for corn and soybean meal respectively, 2% crude protein (CP) enrichment, and digestible limiting digestible amino acids plus the full matrix for the phytase enzyme; 3. NC 2 with 1.5% and 6% AME (kcal/kg) enrichment, respectively, for corn and soybean meal and 2% crude protein (CP) enrichment, and digestible limiting amino acids plus the sparse matrix for the phytase enzyme, 4. NC 1 supplemented with 100 g ton-1 carbohydrase and 30g ton-1 phytase, 5. NC 2 supplemented with 100 g ton-1 carbohydrase and 30g ton-1 phytase. According to the results, the positive control treatments, NC1 and NC2, with or without enzyme supplementation, showed guaranteed performance for feed intake, egg yield, weight, egg loss and shell quality.