Improving Resilience in Times of Multiple Crisis: Commentary from a German Economic Policy Point of View.

Due to the trend towards more frequent and multiple crises, it is essential for enterprises as well as for states and entire economic areas to develop strategies to improve resilience. In this article, existing challenges and conceivable strategies for improving resilience will be outlined from a microeconomic as well as from a macroeconomic perspective. To mitigate vulnerabilities of Supply Chains in the last decades, drivers for improving Supply Chain resilience have been explored. They are presented as contributing to building resilience on the micro level. On the macro level, opportunities and limits of current approaches for strategic independence are discussed. In terms of a new regulatory policy, a rescue of honour for global cooperation and free trade is proposed by the authors.

Employee involvement in innovation activities in hospitals: How perception matters.

Employees are a very important source of innovation and essential for the generation, dissemination and implementation of these ideas throughout the organization. This is especially relevant when considering innovation in services during service (co-) creation such as within the healthcare sector. However, perceived employee involvement in innovation (EII) and between stakeholder group interactions in hospitals has not yet been studied in detail. This paper addresses the following research questions: "How do different employee groups perceive their involvement in the innovation process in hospitals and how do their actual involvement levels differ?" and (2) "How do different employee groups perceive their interaction with other employee groups in the innovation process and how do their actual interactions differ?" We analyzed a single typical German research hospital and conducted episodic interviews with employees representing different staff groups. We revealed that while all groups of employees are involved in innovation activities, perception of their involvement in innovation activities differs widely. There is a gap between perception and actual involvement particularly for lower level employees such as nurses. Further, their interaction differs among employee groups and innovation takes place in-group, rather than through group interaction. With our paper, we add to the understanding of perceived EII in hospitals and discuss measures for hospital management to increase EII.