RESUMO
The federal government's investment in research related to sex/gender differences in health and disease has resulted in better understanding of the health of women and men and holds promise for improved health. By working together, advocates for women's health and the scientific community have expanded the focus of women's health research and created new opportunities in science. The Office of Research on Women's Health has assessed and identified progress and needs in women's health in its Agenda for Research on Women's Health for the 21st Century and will continue to collaborate with the advocacy and scientific communities to keep women's health research a high national priority that is responsive to changing public health needs.
Assuntos
Planejamento em Saúde/organização & administração , Relações Interprofissionais , Defesa do Paciente , Pesquisa , Saúde da Mulher , Feminino , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Increased attention and resources focused on women's health during the past decade have resulted in new offices, policies, and programs of the Federal government. The Office of Research on Women's Health, established by the National Institutes of Health in 1990, is a focal point for all National Institutes of Health-supported efforts to improve women's health through biomedical and behavioral research. The Office of Research on Women's Health ensures women's appropriate inclusion in research studies supported by the National Institutes of Health. Through the development of a comprehensive agenda for research on women's health, the Office of Research on Women's Health encourages the consideration of gender issues and gender differences in health and disease in research sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. The importance of research to study and improve women's musculoskeletal health has become increasingly recognized. Clinicians, researchers, and representatives of professional and advocacy organizations concerned with women's musculoskeletal health participated in the development of the initial research agenda on women's health in 1991 and participated in the meetings to update and revise the agenda in 1996 and 1997. As a result of meetings convened to review and revise the agenda on women's health for the twenty-first century, many recommendations for additional research on women's musculoskeletal health have been developed and now are being implemented across the National Institutes of Health.
Assuntos
Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Pesquisa , Saúde da Mulher , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/etiologia , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/prevenção & controle , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/terapia , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Pesquisa/tendências , Saúde da Mulher , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama , Escolha da Profissão , Currículo , Pesquisa em Odontologia/tendências , Educação em Odontologia , Educação Médica , Feminino , Previsões , Política de Saúde , Prioridades em Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Minoritários , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Saúde Bucal , Estados Unidos , United States Public Health ServiceAssuntos
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Saúde da Mulher , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Objetivos Organizacionais , Gravidez , Pesquisa , Estados UnidosAssuntos
National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Pesquisa/tendências , Saúde da Mulher , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In research and clinical practice, the failure to detect and/or elicit information about domestic abuse is exacerbated by social, economic, and cultural factors. Because domestic violence cannot be separated from the cultural and social context in which it occurs, such factors must be integrated into research studies and the development of interventions. The National Institutes of Health's expanded guidelines on the inclusion in its clinical trials of women from all ethnic and racial backgrounds, along with an increased recognition of the importance of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in health and disease, has strengthened efforts to improve understanding of domestic violence in diverse communities. The involvement of researchers from minority communities is crucial to the success of such efforts. Study of the relationships among race, ethnicity, culture, and domestic violence must be fully incorporated into medical school curricula to sensitize students and enable them to develop the skills needed to detect more effectively deal with, and ultimately prevent, family and intimate violence.
Assuntos
Mulheres Maltratadas , Grupos Minoritários , Características Culturais , Educação Médica , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Prevention of late-life disability is an important goal in managing the health care of older women. Hormone replacement therapy and regular exercise can protect against osteoporosis and heart disease. Dietary measures can control weight and prevent diabetes. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake help protect bones from fractures. Mammography and Pap smears are proven screens for early cancer detection. Depression is not unusual in older women, but it is often masked by physical symptoms. Physicians can help women at risk for caregiver burnout by providing referrals and information on community resources. Use of other health professionals, as well as patient education videos and printed materials, can help physicians provide comprehensive care within the time limits of office practice.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher , Idoso , Cuidadores/psicologia , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/etiologia , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/organização & administração , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controle , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
In the United States, for every 100 men age 65 and older, there are 147 women, a ratio that has social and medical consequences. Five panelists "take the pulse" of older women's health in general and in the offices of primary care physicians in particular. They assess the status of medical education and the need to include older women in research and drug trials, issues of gender bias in health insurance and quality of treatment, ways to improve the use of preventive health services--such as mammography and Pap smears--by older women, and the role of office physicians in identifying and helping victims of domestic violence.
Assuntos
Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Abuso de Idosos/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/organização & administração , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Currículo , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/organização & administração , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Medicare , Seleção de Pacientes , Relações Médico-Paciente , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) addresses some of the major health concerns of postmenopausal women. It is designed to test whether long-term preventive measures will decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and fractures, and it seeks to find better predictors of future health and disease in older women. This report traces the evolution of the clinical trial and observational study (CT/OS) components of WHI from early planning in the 1980s to the current status of the WHI CT/OS as an integrated, ongoing clinical study. Particular attention is directed to the antecedent planning meetings and feasibility studies that formed the underpinnings of the WHI. The issues of hormone replacement therapy and of the optimal diet for postmenopausal women were investigated for almost a decade prior to WHI. However, no studies of sufficient size and duration to confidently test the value and risks of these approaches were initiated because of the cost and insufficient political commitment. The initiation of WHI in 1991 represents the confluence of scientific need and capability with the social priorities to improve the health and welfare of women.