Plasmonic-Assisted Thermocyclizations in Living Cells Using Metal-Organic Framework Based Nanoreactors.

We describe a microporous plasmonic nanoreactor to carry out designed near-infrared (NIR)-driven photothermal cyclizations inside living cells. As a proof of concept, we chose an intramolecular cyclization that is based on the nucleophilic attack of a pyridine onto an electrophilic carbon, a process that requires high activation energies and is typically achieved in bulk solution by heating at ∼90 °C. The core-shell nanoreactor (NR) has been designed to include a gold nanostar core, which is embedded within a metal-organic framework (MOF) based on a polymer-stabilized zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). Once accumulated inside living cells, the MOF-based cloak of NRs allows an efficient diffusion of reactants into the plasmonic chamber, where they undergo the transformation upon near-IR illumination. The photothermal-driven reaction enables the intracellular generation of cyclic fluorescent products that can be tracked using fluorescence microscopy. The strategy may find different type of applications, such as for the spatio-temporal activation of prodrugs.

Differences in perception of genitourinary syndrome of menopause by gynecologists and postmenopausal women in Spain / Diferencias en la percepción del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia por ginecólogos y mujeres posmenopáusicas en España

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception and personal opinions of gynecologists regarding genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and to analyze potential differences with those of postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Spanish gynecologists completed a web-based survey. Each item had four possible answers: < 10%, 10%-50%, 50%-90%, and virtually all women. Results were then compared with those of the Spanish cohort of the REVIVE study. RESULTS: From 633 gynecologists, a third would ask all postmenopausal women about genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms and 43.68% would perform a vulvovaginal examination on all postmenopausal women. According to the most frequent answers, 50-90% of women would have genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms but < 10% would know that genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a chronic and treatable condition. Up to 90% of women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause would avoid sexual intercourse because of vulvovaginal discomfort or pain. Moreover, 50-90% of women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause would not have any treatment. When comparing results for gynecologists and postmenopausal women, there were some coincidences but also some worrying disparities. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish gynecologists know about genitourinary syndrome of menopause. However, they must be more proactive, to improve the patient-doctor relationship and to be more aware of the sexual life of postmenopausal women. Moreover, many postmenopausal women could benefit from genitourinary syndrome of menopause treatments. Good patient-doctor relationships, and more patient education, are essential

OBJETIVO: evaluar la percepción y las opiniones personales de los ginecólogos sobre el síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia y analizar las posibles diferencias con la percepción de las de las mujeres posmenopáusicas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: los ginecólogos españoles completaron una encuesta en la web. Cada elemento tenía cuatro respuestas posibles: < 10%, 10%-50%, 50%-90% y prácticamente todas las mujeres. Los resultados se compararon entonces con los de la cohorte española del estudio REVIVE. RESULTADOS: de los 633 ginecólogos, un tercio preguntaría a todas las mujeres posmenopáusicas sobre los síntomas del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia y el 43,68% realizaría un examen vulvovaginal a todas las mujeres posmenopáusicas. Según las respuestas más frecuentes, 50-90% de las mujeres tendrían síntomas del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, pero < 10% sabría que el síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia es una condición crónica y con tratamiento. Hasta el 90% de las mujeres con síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia evitarían las relaciones sexuales debido a molestias o dolores vulvovaginales. Además, el 50-90% de las mujeres con síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia no estarían recibiendo ningún tratamiento. Al comparar los resultados de los ginecólogos y los de las mujeres posmenopáusicas hubo algunas coincidencias, pero también algunas discrepancias preocupantes. CONCLUSIONES: los ginecólogos españoles conocen el síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. Sin embargo, deben ser más proactivos, para mejorar la relación médico-paciente y para ser más conscientes de la vida sexual de las mujeres posmenopáusicas. Además, muchas mujeres posmenopáusicas podrían beneficiarse de los tratamientos del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia. La buena relación médico-paciente y una mayor educación de la paciente son esenciales