Rootstocks Comparison in Grafted Watermelon under Water Deficit: Effects on the Fruit Quality and Yield.

Drought is widely recognized as one of the most significant agricultural constraints worldwide. A strategy to avoid the adverse effects of drought on crops is to cultivate high-yielding varieties by grafting them onto drought-tolerant rootstocks with a differentiated root system. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate fruit yield and quality, root system architecture, and water productivity of watermelon grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks. To do so, a commercial watermelon cultivar "Santa Amelia" [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] was grafted onto five L. siceraria rootstocks: 'Illapel', 'Osorno', 'BG-48', 'GC', and 'Philippines', which were grown under three irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, and 50% of evapotranspiration). The comparison of the L. siceraria rootstocks in the irrigation treatments demonstrated no significant effect on watermelon fruit quality parameters. The rootstocks 'Illapel', 'Osorno', and 'GC' significantly improved the fruit number and yield (total fruit weight) under water deficit. Similarly, 'Illapel', 'Osorno', and 'GC' consistently showed statistical differences for root system architecture traits compared to 'BG-48' and 'Philippines'. Based on these results, we concluded that the used L. siceraria rootstocks did not affect the fruit yield and quality of grafted watermelon under water deficit. This study may help adjust the amount of applied water for watermelon production where L. siceraria rootstocks are utilized.

Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in armadillos killed by motor vehicle collisions in Brazil.

Knowledge of infectious diseases in wildlife provides important information for preventing potential outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Adiaspiromycosis is a neglected human disease caused by dimorphic Onygenales fungi. The disease is produced by the inflammatory response against growing adiaspores, leading to granulomatous pneumonia. In humans, adiaspiromycosis is relevant in immunosuppressed patients. In animals, it is associated with pneumonia in fossorial species. Given the potential role of armadillos in the epidemiology of adiaspiromycosis, in this study, we sought to investigate the occurrence and pathological features of adiaspiromycosis in roadkilled armadillos. In total, 54 armadillo carcasses were suitable for postmortem pathologic examinations between February 2017 and 2020. Adiaspores, associated with granulomatous lesions, were observed in ten six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus) and two southern naked-tailed armadillos (Cabassous unicinctus). A previously uncharacterized Onygenales species was molecularly identified in two E. sexcinctus. In summary, herein we report 12 cases of pulmonary adiaspiromycosis (PA) in two species of free-living armadillos in Brazil. Both, the morphology of the fungus, as well as the histopathological findings (granulomatous inflammatory response to adiaspores) are consistent with PA; however, as the molecular identification differs from the reported species, the potential impact of this fungus for human PA is unknown, and we cannot rule out its impact on public health.

Papel de los roedores en la transmisión de Leptospira spp. en granjas porcinas / The role of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira spp. in swine farms

RESUMEN Diferentes especies de roedores son potenciales transmisores de múltiples agentes zoonóticos como Leptospira spp., espiroqueta causante de la Leptospirosis, que es una enfermedad infecciosa que tiene un impacto negativo en la porcicultura debido a que genera grandes pérdidas productivas, reproductivas y económicas. En las granjas porcinas, las especies de roedores más comunes son el ratón doméstico (Mus musculus), la rata parda (Rattus norvegicus) y la rata negra (Rattus rattus), que actúan como huéspedes de mantenimiento de diferentes serovares de Leptospira spp., contaminando con orina el ambiente, los alimentos y el agua, poniendo en riesgo la salud humana y animal. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este artículo es describir el papel de los roedores en la transmisión de Leptospira en granjas porcinas. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos como Science Direct, Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed y SciELO. Los resultados de la revisión de literatura, demuestran que son escasos los estudios que reportan la importancia de los roedores en la transmisión de Leptospira en granjas porcinas. La presentación de la enfermedad depende en gran parte de la presencia, el contacto y el control de roedores en las granjas, aunque también se deben tener en cuenta factores ambientales, de supervivencia del agente y las medidas de higiene, entre otros.(AU)

ABSTRACT Different species of rodents are potential transmitters of multiple zoonotic agents such as Leptospira spp., a spirochete that causes leptospirosis. This is an infectious disease that has a negative impact on pig production because it generates large productive, reproductive and economic losses. In swine farms, the most common rodent species are house mice (Mus musculus), brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (Rattus rattus), which act as maintenance hosts for different serovars of Leptospira, contaminating the environment, food and water through urine, and putting human and animal health at risk. For this reason, the objective of this article is to describe the role of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira in swine farms. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed and SciELO. The results of the literature review show that there are few studies that report the importance of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira in swine farms. The onset of the disease depends to a large extent on the presence, contact and control of rodents in farms, although environmental factors, agent survival and hygiene, among others, must also be considered.(AU)

[The role of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira spp. in swine farms]. / Papel de los roedores en la transmisión de Leptospira spp. en granjas porcinas.

Different species of rodents are potential transmitters of multiple zoonotic agents such as Leptospira spp., a spirochete that causes leptospirosis. This is an infectious disease that has a negative impact on pig production because it generates large productive, reproductive and economic losses. In swine farms, the most common rodent species are house mice (Mus musculus), brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (Rattus rattus), which act as maintenance hosts for different serovars of Leptospira, contaminating the environment, food and water through urine, and putting human and animal health at risk. For this reason, the objective of this article is to describe the role of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira in swine farms. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed and SciELO. The results of the literature review show that there are few studies that report the importance of rodents in the transmission of Leptospira in swine farms. The onset of the disease depends to a large extent on the presence, contact and control of rodents in farms, although environmental factors, agent survival and hygiene, among others, must also be considered.

Diferentes especies de roedores son potenciales transmisores de múltiples agentes zoonóticos como Leptospira spp., espiroqueta causante de la Leptospirosis, que es una enfermedad infecciosa que tiene un impacto negativo en la porcicultura debido a que genera grandes pérdidas productivas, reproductivas y económicas. En las granjas porcinas, las especies de roedores más comunes son el ratón doméstico (Mus musculus), la rata parda (Rattus norvegicus) y la rata negra (Rattus rattus), que actúan como huéspedes de mantenimiento de diferentes serovares de Leptospira spp., contaminando con orina el ambiente, los alimentos y el agua, poniendo en riesgo la salud humana y animal. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este artículo es describir el papel de los roedores en la transmisión de Leptospira en granjas porcinas. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos como Science Direct, Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed y SciELO. Los resultados de la revisión de literatura, demuestran que son escasos los estudios que reportan la importancia de los roedores en la transmisión de Leptospira en granjas porcinas. La presentación de la enfermedad depende en gran parte de la presencia, el contacto y el control de roedores en las granjas, aunque también se deben tener en cuenta factores ambientales, de supervivencia del agente y las medidas de higiene, entre otros.

Effectiveness of a Brief Intervention based on Motivational Interviewing in Colombian Adolescents / Efetividade de uma intervenção Breve baseada na Entrevista Motivacional com Adolescentes Colombianos

ABSTRACT Prevention science has identified evidence-based strategies for reducing alcohol and other drug use among adolescents, such as Brief Interventions (BI) and Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of these practices in Colombia. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the preventive program Brief Intervention based on Motivational Interviewing (BIMI) in reducing alcohol use in adolescents. The program was administered to 3,159 secondary students through a within-subjects design. The results showed that BIMI is a preventive strategy that diminishes the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. The study examines how the elapsed time between sessions influences the results. Implications for prevention and evaluation methodologies are discussed.

RESUMO A ciência preventiva tem identificado estratégias baseadas em evidências voltadas à redução do uso de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes, tais como as Intervenções Breves (BI) e a Entrevista Motivacional (MI). No entanto, existe pouca evidência quanto à efetividade dessas práticas na Colômbia. Este estudo buscou analisar a eficácia do programa preventivo Intervenção Breve Baseada na Entrevista Motivacional (BIMI) em reduzir o uso de álcool em adolescentes. O programa foi conduzido junto a 3159 estudantes secundários por meio de um delineamento intra-sujeitos. Os resultados demonstraram que a BIMI constitui uma estratégia preventiva que diminui a frequência e a quantidade de uso de álcool. O estudo examina como o tempo transcorrido entre as sessões influencia os resultados. Implicações para a prevenção e métodos de avaliação são discutidos.

Enfermería basada en la evidencia: qué es, sus características y dilemas / Evidence based nursing: what is it, characteristics and dilemmas / Enfermagem baseada na evidência: que é, suas características e dilemas

La necesidad de investigar en enfermería ha permitido que los conceptos y el lenguaje de la práctica basada en la evidencia estén empezando a emerger en los diversos contextos de esta disciplina. Sin embargo, en América Latina poco se sabe aún sobre su naturaleza, sus etapas, y sus implicaciones. Este artículo pretende actualizar la literatura sobre qué es la Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia y apoyar su práctica y su enseñanza.

The need to research in nursing has allowed the concepts and evidence based practice language to emerge in the different contexts of this discipline. However in Latin America little is known about its nature, steps and implications. Thats why this article pretends to update the literature about what evidence based medicine is and support its practice and teaching.

A necessidade de pesquisar em enfermagem permitiu que os conceitose a linguagem da prática baseada na evidência estejam começandoa emergir nos diversos contextos desta disciplina. No entanto, emAmérica Latina pouco ainda se sabe sobre sua natureza, suas etapas,e seus envolvimentos. Portanto, este artigo pretende atualizar a literatura sobre que é Enfermagem Baseadana Evidência e apoiar a prática e seu ensino.