[Avoidable Hospital Admissions for Heart Failure, Spain]. / Hospitalizaciones evitables por insuficiencia cardíaca.Variables implicadas.

OBJECTIVE: The avoidable hospital admissions for heart failure are a problem for health systems worldwide, as they waste resources, generate additional morbidities and high mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors in patients hospitalized for heart failure. METHODS: A group of medical from Hospital and Primary Care was established. We realized an audit of a sample of 110 patients from Aljarafe towns with highest hospital admissions for heart failure. The analysis used Student T test and Mann Whitney for quantitative variables; Chi-square test and Fisher exact test for qualitative variables. RESULTS: Patients admitted for HF had a mean age of 78.1 years (SD: 9.56); 73 (66.4%) were women; Barthel Index was 45.0 on average; 53.5% had New York Health Association (NYHA) class III and 17 (15.5%) were institutionalized, 70% had between 3 and 5 comorbidities, mainly hypertension (87.3%), dyslipidemia (60.0%), diabetes (57.3%), chronic kidney disease (56.4%), anemia (53.2% ) or atrial fibrillation (52.7%). During hospitalization, 23 patients (20.9%) died. They were mostly women, elderly, had a previous admission and without beta-blockers treatment. The admission in the last 12 months was associated with identification of the primary caregiver; ischemic HF; re-vascularization; inclusion in the COMPARTE Program; treatment change decompensation. CONCLUSIONS: The hospital admissions were more frequently an aging population with multiple diseases (hypertension, diabetes, COPD, renal disease) and low capacity for basic activities of daily life. The hospital mortality associated with elderly, women, less use of beta-blockers and the non-inclusion of the patient in the care process.

OBJETIVO: Los ingresos hospitalarios evitables por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) son un problema para los sistemas de salud, consumen recursos, generan morbilidades adicionales y alta mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los factores de riesgo de las personas hospitalizadas por insuficiencia cardiaca. METODOS: Se constituyó un grupo con médicos de atención primaria y hospitalaria. Se realizaron auditorías de las historias clínicas de 110 pacientes de la poblacion de la comarca del Aljarafe con mayores tasas de ingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y estudio descriptivo y comparativo con T-Student y U-Mann Whitney para cuantitativas y Chi2 y Fisher para cualitativas. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes que ingresaron por IC tenían 78,1 años (SD: 9,56) de media; 73 (66,4%) fueron mujeres; un Índice Barthel de 45,0 de media; un 53,5% con New Yorl Health Asosiation (NYHA) grado III y 17 (15,5%) institucionalizados. El 70% presentaban 3-5 comorbilidades, hipertensión (87,3%), dislipemia (60,0%) diabetes mellitus(57,3%), enfermedad renal crónica (56,4%),anemia (53,2%) o fibrilación auricular (52,7%). Fallecieron al ingreso 23 (20,9%) pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Los ingresos se dieron en personas mayores con múltiples enfermedades (hipertensión, diabetes, EPOC, enfermedad renal) y escasa capacidad para actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El fallecimiento hospitalario se asoció a edad avanzada, ser mujer, menor uso de betablo¬queantes y la no inclusión del paciente en el proceso asistencial.

Hospitalizaciones evitables por insuficiencia cardíaca. Variables relacionadas / Avoidable hospital admissions for heart failure, Spain

Fundamentos: Los ingresos hospitalarios evitables por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) son un problema para los sistemas de salud, consumen recursos, generan morbilidades adicionales y alta mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los factores de riesgo de las personas hospitalizadas por insuficiencia cardiaca. Métodos: Se constituyó un grupo con médicos de atención primaria y hospitalaria. Se realizaron auditorías de las historias clínicas de 110 pacientes de la poblacion de la comarca del Aljarafe con mayores tasas de ingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y estudio descriptivo y comparativo con T-Student y U-Mann Whitney para cuantitativas y λ2 y Fisher para cualitativas. Resultados: Los pacientes que ingresaron por IC tenían 78,1 años (SD: 9,56) de media; 73 (66,4%) fueron mujeres; un Índice Barthel de 45,0 de media; un 53,5% con grado III de la NYHA y 17 (15,5%) institucionalizados. El 70% presentaban 3-5 comorbilidades, hipertensión (87,3%), dislipemia (60,0%) diabetes (57,3%), enfermedad renal crónica (56,4%), anemia (53,2%) o fibrilación auricular (52,7%). Fallecieron al ingreso 23 (20,9%) pacientes. Conclusiones: Los ingresos se dieron en personas mayores con múltiples enfermedades (hipertensión, diabetes, EPOC, enfermedad renal) y escasa capacidad para actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El fallecimiento hospitalario se asoció a edad avanzada, ser mujer, menor uso de betabloqueantes y la no inclusión del paciente en el proceso asistencial (AU)

Background: The avoidable hospital admissions for heart failure are a problem for health systems worldwide, as they waste resources, generate additional morbidities and high mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors in patients hospitalized for heart failure to prevent further unplanned admissions. Methods: A group of medical from Hospital and Primary Care was established. We realized an audit of a sample of 110 patients from Aljarafe towns with highest hospital admissions for heart failure. The analysis used Student T test and Mann Whitney for quantitative variables; λ2 test and Fisher exact test for qualitative variables. Results: Patients admitted for HF had a mean age of 78.1 years (SD: 9.56); 73 (66.4%) were women; Barthel Index was 45.0 on average; 53.5% had NYHA class III and 17 (15.5%) were institutionalized, 70% had between 3 and 5 comorbidities, mainly hypertension (87.3%), dyslipidemia (60.0%), diabetes (57.3%), chronic kidney disease (56.4%), anemia (53.2% ) or atrial fibrillation (52.7%). During hospitalization, 23 patients (20.9%) died. They were mostly women, elderly, had a previous admission and without beta-blockers treatment. The admission in the last 12 months was associated with identification of the primary caregiver; ischemic HF; revascularization; inclusion in the COMPARTE Program; treatment change decompensation. Conclusiones: The hospital admissions were more frequently an aging population with multiple diseases (hypertension, diabetes, COPD, renal disease) and low capacity for basic activities of daily life. The hospital mortality associated with elderly, women, less use of beta-blockers and the non-inclusion of the patient in the care process (AU)

Impact on breast cancer diagnosis in a multidisciplinary unit after the incorporation of mammography digitalization and computer-aided detection systems.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact on the diagnosis of breast cancer of implementing full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a multidisciplinary breast pathology unit and, 1 year later, the addition of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 13,453 mammograms performed between January and July of the years 2004, 2006, and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed using conventional mammography, digital mammography, and digital mammography plus CAD techniques. Mammograms were classified into two subsets: screening and diagnosis. Variables analyzed included cancer detection rate, rate of in situ carcinoma, tumor size at detection, biopsy rate, and positive predictive value of biopsy. RESULTS: FFDM increased the cancer detection rate, albeit not statistically significantly. The detection rate of in situ carcinoma increased significantly using FFDM plus CAD compared with conventional technique (36.8% vs 6.7%; p = 0.05 without Bonferroni statistical correction) for the screening dataset. Relative to conventional mammography, tumor size at detection decreased with digital mammography (T1, 61.5% vs 88%; p = 0.018) and with digital mammography plus CAD (T1, 79.7%; p = 0.03 without Bonferroni statistical correction). Biopsy rates in the general population increased significantly using CAD (10.6/1000 for conventional mammography, 14.7/1000 for digital mammography, and 17.9/1000 for digital mammography plus CAD; p = 0.02). The positive predictive value of biopsy decreased slightly, but not significantly, for both subsets. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of new techniques has improved the performance of the breast unit by increasing the overall detection rates and earlier detection (smaller tumors), both leading to an increase in interventionism.

Probabilidade de ocorrência da evapotranspiração de referência na região de Dourados, MS / Probability of ocurrence of reference evapotranspiration in Dourados, MS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a distribuição de freqüência da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) visando o dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação implantados na região de Dourados, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. A ETo, estimada pelo método de Penman, com base em elementos meteorológicos de um período de 16 anos, foi acumulada em períodos consecutivos de 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 dias. Os valores máximos anuais formaram séries que foram ajustadas às distribuições normal, log-normal e beta. Houve diminuição da ETo diária com o aumento do período acumulado. As três distribuições apresentaram ajuste para todos os períodos acumulados. Através da distribuição acumulada normal foram gerados valores de ETo para períodos de retorno de 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12 e 14 anos. Esses valores de ETo, multiplicados pelos respectivos coeficientes de cultura, poderão ser utilizados como parâmetros de dimensionamento de sistemas de irrigação implantados na região de Dourados.

The aim of this work was to study the distribution accumulative probability ocorrence of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for designing irrigation systems in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State. The ETo estimated by Penman equation considering climatic parameters of 16 years was accumulated for periods of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days. The maximum annual values resulted in series that were adjusted to normal, log-normal and beta distribuition. There was a decreasing of daily ETo as the accumulated period increased. The three distributions adjusted to all accumulated periods. Throught the accumulated normal distribution it was generated values of ETo for periods of 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years. These values of ETo multiplied by the crop coefficient may be used as the main parameter to design irrigation systems in Dourados region.