Attention Focus Does Not Influence Performance of Sit-to-Stand in Young and Older Adults.

An external focus of attention can improve performance, but there is little research on effects for the elderly in every day, well-learned mobility tasks. 57 older and 59 young adults performed the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit while holding a cup, at three difficulty levels (cup empty or full, at normal or fast speed). Half were instructed to focus internally (on their movements) and half externally (on the cup). The effects of focus, age, and difficulty level were tested for movement time, mean inclination of the cup, inclination variability, and smoothness with 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVAs. Significant effects of difficulty were consistent across variables (p < 0.05). An effect of focus was present only for the inclination variability of the stand-to-sit (p < 0.03), favoring an internal focus (less variability). The age × focus interaction was significant for mean cup inclination, but post hoc tests failed to reveal any significant differences. The results of this study, together with the literature, suggest that an external focus may not benefit the performance of young or older adults in general mobility activities of daily living. The prevalent assumption that an external focus is always beneficial for performance needs further empirical testing.

Detection of Giardia spp. with formalin/ether concentration in Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce).

Methods to detect protozoa are needed for food safety monitoring. We evaluated protocols to recover Giardia spp. cysts in Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and then detection was performed by concentrating with formalin/ether solutions and microscopy or immunofluorescence or DNA amplification via PCR. To evaluate this methodology, G. duodenalis cysts were inoculated in triplicate (10 cysts) in 35-g samples of lettuce and cabbage. The method obtaining the highest percentage of recovery in cabbage was sulfamic acid solution plus stirring with stomacher (47.7% ± 7.5). For lettuce, the best method was glycine solution plus stirring with stomacher (46.6% ± 5.3). Inter-observer agreement was of 0.99. Giardia was detected by amplifying specific sequences for the DNA coding SSU rRNA. In 27 lettuce samples and 27 cabbage samples, obtained from supermarkets and street vendors, two lettuce samples (7.4%) and one cabbage sample (3.7%) were positive for Giardia via PCR assay and were sequenced, determining that they were two of assemblage B and one of lettuce to assemblage E. This method is proposed to detect Giardia in vegetables by PCR detection, enabling public health authorities to identify genotypes circulating in food, which will help to establish measures that reduce outbreaks of parasitic diseases associated with contaminated food.

Pelvic Drop Changes due to Proximal Muscle Strengthening Depend on Foot-Ankle Varus Alignment.

BACKGROUND: Strengthening of hip and trunk muscles can modify pelvis and hip movements. However, the varus alignment of the foot-ankle complex (FAC) may influence the effects of muscle strengthening, due to the relationship of FAC alignment with pelvic and hip kinematics. This study evaluated the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on pelvis and hip kinematics during walking, in subgroups with larger and smaller values of FAC varus alignment. In addition, this study evaluated the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on hip passive and active properties, in the same subgroups. METHODS: Fifty-three women, who were divided into intervention and control groups, participated in this nonrandomized controlled trial. Each group was split into two subgroups with larger and smaller values of FAC varus alignment. Hip and trunk muscle strengthening was performed three times a week for two months, with a load of 70% to 80% of one repetition maximum. Before and after strengthening, we evaluated (1) pelvis and hip excursions in the frontal and transverse planes during walking, (2) isokinetic hip passive external rotator torque, and (3) isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torques of the hip external rotator muscles. Mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out for each dependent variable related to walking kinematics and isokinetic measurements (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The subgroup with smaller varus alignment, of the intervention group, presented a reduction in pelvic drop after strengthening (P = 0.03). The subgroup with larger varus alignment increased pelvic drop after strengthening, with a marginal significance (P = 0.06). The other kinematic excursions did not change (pelvic anterior rotation P = 0.30, hip internal rotation P = 0.54, and hip adduction P = 0.43). The intervention group showed increases in passive torque (P = 0.002), peak concentric torque (P < 0.001), and peak eccentric torque (P < 0.001), independently of FAC alignment. These results suggest that FAC varus alignment influences the effects of strengthening and should be considered when hip and trunk muscle strengthening is used to reduce pelvic drop during walking.

Tumor sincrônico colorretal e renal: uma rara incidência / Colorectal and renal synchronic tumor: a rare occurence

Introdução: O câncer colorretal é a doença maligna mais comum do trato gastrointestinal. O número de casos tem aumentado devido ao uso de novas técnicas e tecnologia para diagnóstico precoce da doença. Já o carcinoma de células renais representa entre 2% e 3% dos casos de cânceres. O carcinoma de células claras é o subtipo histológico mais frequente na população e pode estar relacionado a síndromes hereditárias não polipoides. O tumor sincrônico entre esses dois tipos de cânceres é de ocorrência bastante rara e de etiopatogenia multifatorial, mas ainda indefinida. Objetivo: Este artigo é um relato de caso e tem o intuito de discutir e relatar a sincronia entre um câncer colorretal e um carcinoma renal cujo caso apresenta rara incidência na população mundial. Metodologia: Os dados obtidos referentes ao relato de caso foram colhidos do prontuário da paciente no Hospital Regional do Gama-DF (HRG-DF) entre os meses de novembro de 2016 e maio de 2017, período este, de rastreio até o momento pós- retossigmoidectomia. Para a revisão e discussão deste artigo foram utilizadas as bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, BVS e PubMed, além de consulta a periódicos. Conclusão: O principal tratamento é a ressecção cirúrgica da região acometida com as margens livres de neoplasias. O prognóstico da doença, em geral, depende do grau de estádio no qual se encontra a doença, o tipo celular, o nível de diferenciação do tumor e a extensão cirúrgica (AU)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a common malignant disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The number of cases has increased due to the use of new techniques and technology for early diagnosis of the disease. Kidney cell carcinoma accounts for between 2% and 3% of cases of cancers. Clear cell carcinoma is the most frequent histological subtype in the population and may be related to nonpolypoid hereditary syndromes. Synchrony tumor between these two types of cancers is of very rare occurrence and of multifactorial but indefinite etiopathogenesis. Objective: This article aims to discuss the occurence of concomitant colorectal and renal carcinomas which is a very rare condition in the world population. Methodology: The data related to the case report were obtained from the patient's medical records at Hospital Regional do Gama-DF (HRG-DF) between November 2016 and May 2017, this period of screening until the moment post-rectosigmoidectomy. For a review and discussion of the article, such as databases Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, BVS and PubMed, in addition to consulting periodicals. Conclusion: The main treatment is a surgical resection of the affected region with margins free of neoplasias. The prognosis of the disease, in general, depends on the degree of stage in a physical situation, the cell type, the fluid of differentiation of the tumor, and surgical extension (AU)

Pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill setup changes the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses induced by subsequent treadmill running in rats.

Different methodological approaches have been used to conduct experiments with rats subjected to treadmill running. Some experimenters have exposed rats to the treadmill setup before initiating exercise to minimize the influences of handling and being placed in an anxiety-inducing environment on the physiological responses to subsequent running. Other experimenters have subjected rats to exercise immediately after placing them on the treadmill. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill on physical performance and cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during subsequent exercise. Male Wistar rats were subjected to fatiguing incremental-speed exercise at 24°C immediately after being placed on the treadmill or after being exposed to the treadmill for 70 min following removal from their home cages. Core body temperature (TCORE), tail-skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded throughout the experiments. Rats exposed to the treadmill started exercise with higher TCORE, lower HR and MAP, and unaltered TSKIN. This exposure did not influence performance, but it markedly affected the exercise-induced increases in the four physiological parameters evaluated; for example, the TSKIN increased earlier and at a higher TCORE. Moreover, previous treadmill exposure notably allowed expected exercise-induced changes in cardiovascular parameters to be observed. Collectively, these data indicate that pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill induces important effects on physiological responses during subsequent treadmill running. The present data are particularly relevant for researchers planning experiments involving physical exercise and the recording of physiological parameters in rats.

Prevenção da exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em trabalhadores de postos de revenda de combustíveis: a experiência do estado do Espírito Santo / Preventing gas stations workers’ occupational exposure to benzene: the experience of Espírito Santo state, Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: descrever e analisar ações desenvolvidas pela Comissão Estadual do Benzeno do Espírito Santo (CEBz/ES) voltadas à prevenção da exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em postos de revenda de combustíveis (PRC), em Vitória/ES. Métodos: foram analisadas as ações desenvolvidas a partir das parcerias estabelecidas pela CEBz/ES, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015, de modo a subsidiar sua continuidade nas frentes de: a) Diagnóstico situacional dos PRC; b) Educação em Saúde; e c) Vigilância nos ambientes de trabalho com articulação entre diferentes órgãos do governo e sindicatos. Resultados: destacam-se a ampliação do conhecimento, pelos membros da CEBz/ES, sobre os processos de trabalho e condições de funcionamento dos PRC; o fortalecimento e ampliação das parcerias interinstitucionais na realização das ações de vigilância em saúde; e a implementação de ações de educação em saúde destinadas aos empregadores, trabalhadores, sindicatos e profissionais da área de saúde do trabalhador. Conclusão: o alcance destes resultados indica a potencialidade deste processo de construção e articulação interinstitucional, além de possibilitar a aplicação dessa experiência em outros municípios.

Abstract Objective: to describe and analyze actions developed by the State Commission of Benzene of Espírito Santo (CEBz/ES) aimed at the prevention of occupational exposure to benzene on gas stations (GS), in Vitória, capital of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Methods: we analyzed actions developed through partnerships established by the CEBz/ES from 2012 to 2015 regarding: a) The situational diagnosis of GS; b) Health Education activities; and c) Surveillance of working environments through articulation between different government agencies and trade unions. Results: this analysis highlights the CEBz/ES members’ enlargement of knowledge about the work processes and the operation conditions of the GS located in Vitoria/ES; the strengthening and expansion of inter-institutional partnerships when carrying out health surveillance activities; and the implementation of health education activities aimed at employers, employees, trade unions and occupational health professionals. Conclusion: the achievement of these results indicates the potentiality of this inter-institutional process of articulation and actions construction, in addition to enabling the application of that experience in other cities.

Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers em mulher com 21 anos / Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in a 21-year-old woman

A síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers é doença autossômica dominante rara e tem como características a presença de pigmentação melânica mucocutânea em lábios, região perioral e mucosa bucal, associada com polipose hamartomatosa do trato gastrointestinal. Portadores da síndrome têm elevada propensão de desenvolverem diversos tumores malignos. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso clássico da síndrome em mulher com 21 anos etários com hematoquezia, mas sem dor ou alterações do ritmo intestinal. Episódio semelhante havia ocorrido há alguns meses. Apresentava-se hipocorada e com manchas melanóticas múltiplas sem sangramento em mucosa oral, lábios e extremidades de dedos das mãos. Seu pai também apresentava manchas escuras na mucosa da boca e teve câncer de cólon. Os exames revelaram anemia crônica ferropriva, quatro pólipos sésseis na retossigmoidoscopia rígida e gastrite enantematosa leve de antro e múltiplos pólipos no antro na endoscopia digestiva alta. O exame histopatológico foi compatível com pólipos hiperplásicos sem atipias. As colonoscopias posteriores revelaram o diagnóstico histológico de pólipos de Peutz-Jeghers. Considerando as possíveis complicações associadas, destaca-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce e o acompanhamento multidisciplinar de pacientes com quadro clínico semelhante ao descrito.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a rare dominant autosomal disorder characterized by the presence of mucocutaneous melanic pigmentation in the lips, perioral region and buccal mucosa, associated with hamartomatous intestinal polyposis. Individuals with this syndrome have a high tendency to develop diverse malignant tumors. The aim of the present study is to report a classical case of the syndrome in a 21-year-old woman with bleeding in stools, but without pain or changes in bowel movement. A similar episode had occurred a few months earlier. The patient was pale and had multiple non-bleeding melanotic spots in her mouth, lips and in the tips of her fingers. Her father also presented with black spots in his buccal mucosa and developed colon cancer. Exams revealed chronic anemia caused by iron deficiency, four sessile polyps on rigid retosigmoidoscopy, mild enanthematous antral gastritis, and multiple antral polyps on upper digestive endoscopy. The histopathological study was compatible with hyperplasic polyps without atypia. Subsequent colonoscopy studies revealed the histological diagnosis of ?Peutz-Jeghers polyps?. Due to potentially associated complications, the importance of an early diagnosis and multidisciplinary follow-up should be emphasized for patients with clinical features similar to those herein described.

Validación de una versión preliminar chilena del Child Abuse Potential Inventory para su uso en Chile / Validation of a preliminary chilean version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory for it useful in Chile

Se administró la Versión Preliminar Chilena del Child Abuse Potential Inventory, con el fin de determinar su capacidad discriminante, a una muestra de sujetos perpetradores de maltrato físico infanto-juvenil (n=40) y a una muestra de comparación de sujetos no maltratadores (n=40), equiparados en 9 variables sociodemográficas. Se analizaron las características psicométricas de esta versión chilena a través del estudio de su validez de constructo (clasificación correcta y diferencia en los puntajes globales) y de su confiabilidad (consistencia interna), y se llevaron a cabo análisis de ítems univariados y multivariados. Para el grupo total(n=80), el porcentaje de clasificación correcta fue del 82,6 por ciento; mientras que para las muestras de maltratadores físicos y de comparación equiparada fue del 77,5 por ciento y 87,5 por ciento, respectivamente. Los análisis de ítems arrojaron un total de 51 ítems más significativos y el estudio de la confiabilidad de esta versión chilena entregó índices superiores a 82. Estos resultados revelan que la Versión Preliminar Chilena del CAP Inventory se comporta de manera similar a su versión origional en nuestra realidad. Se hace necesario, entonces, continuar trabajando en el desarrollo y validación de una versión definitiva de este inventario para la detección del maltrato físico infanto-juvenil en Chile

Assistência de enfermagem em suporte nutricional enteral / Nursing care in enteral nutritional support

A acentuada prevalência de desnutriçäo intra-hospitalar vem estimulando a exploraçäo de outras vias, além da oral, para o fornecimento da quantidade de nutrientes necessários para manutençäo ou recuperaçäo do estado nutricional normal. A assistência aos pacientes recebendo um suporte nutricional artificial deve abranger näo somente o grupo de nutrientes, como também cuidados com o equilíbrio àcido-básico, hidroeletrolítico, e cuidados gerais com orgäos e sistemas. Em busca desse objetivo é indispensável a atuaçäo de uma equipe multiprofissional especializada formada basicamente de médicos, enfermeiras, nutricionistas e farmacêuticos. Este trabalho discorre sobre a atuaçäo da enfermeira com membro dessa equipe, oferecendo uma assistência programada aos pacientes que recebem suporte nutricional enteral. Essa assistência inclui orientaçäo e supervisäo nas técnicas de colocaçäo e manutençäo funcional da sonda nasogástrica ou nasoentérica e na prevençäo e controle de complicaçöes durante o período de suporte nutricional