Time-Course of Redox Status, Redox-Related, and Mitochondrial-Dynamics-Related Gene Expression after an Acute Bout of Different Physical Exercise Protocols.

We investigated the magnitude of exercise-induced changes in muscular bioenergetics, redox balance, mitochondrial function, and gene expression within 24 h after the exercise bouts performed with different intensities, durations, and execution modes (continuous or with intervals). Sixty-five male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: one control (n = 5) and three experimental groups (20 animals/group), submitted to a forced swimming bout with an additional load (% of animal weight): low-intensity continuous (LIC), high-intensity continuous (HIC), and high-intensity interval (HII). Five animals from each group were euthanized at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postexercise. Gastrocnemius muscle was removed to analyze the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a), fusion (Mfn2), fission (Dnm1L), and mitophagy (Park2), as well as inflammation (Nos2) and antioxidant defense (Nfe2l2, GPx1). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and citrate synthase (CS) activity were also measured. Lactacidemia was measured from a blood sample obtained immediately postexercise. Lactacidemia was higher the higher the exercise intensity (LIC < HIC < HII), while the inverse was observed for TBARS levels. The CS activity was higher in the HII group than the other groups. The antioxidant activity was higher 24 h postexercise in all groups compared to the control and greater in the HII group than the LIC and HIC groups. The gene expression profile exhibited a particular profile for each exercise protocol, but with some similarities between the LIC and HII groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the intervals applied to high-intensity exercise seem to minimize the signs of oxidative damage and drive the mitochondrial dynamics to maintain the mitochondrial network, similar to low-intensity continuous exercise.

Interaction between cigarette smoke exposure and physical training on inflammatory and oxidative profile in mice muscle.

Regular physical training and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have opposite effects on physical performance, antioxidant, and inflammatory profile. However, the interaction between these events is not well studied. We aimed to investigate how regular physical training and CSE interact, and in what is the outcome of this interaction on the physical performance, skeletal muscle antioxidant defense and molecular profile response of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group): 1) Sedentary group (SED); 2) 4 weeks of control, followed by 4 weeks of CSE (SED + CSEG); 3) Physically active (PA) along 8 weeks (forced swim training, 5 times a week); 4) Physically active and exposed to the cigarette smoke (PA + CSEG), group submitted to forced swim training for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of concomitant training and CSE. Physical performance was evaluated before and after the experimental period (8 weeks), total peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, expression of genes encoding TNF-α, MCP-1, IL1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-ß, HO-1 and the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio were determined from gastrocnemius muscle at the end of experimental period. The CSE attenuated the aerobic capacity adaptation (time to exhaustion in swimming forced test) promoted by physical training and inhibit the improvement in local muscle resistance (inverted screen test). The regular physical training enhanced the antioxidant defense, but the CSE abrogated this benefit. The CSE induced a harmful pro-inflammatory profile in skeletal muscle from sedentary animals whereas the regular physical training induced an opposite adaptation. Likewise, the CSE abolished the protective effect of physical training. Together, these results suggest a negative effect of CSE including, at least in part, the inhibition/attenuation of beneficial adaptations from regular physical training.

Hyperuricemia is associated with sympathovagal imbalance in older adults.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare heart rate variability (HRV) parameters obtained through symbolic analysis (SA), between older adults with and without hyperuricemia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study including 202 community-dwelling old adults, which was clinically stratified as with or without hyperuricemia, according to the cutoff point of serum uric acid ≥ 6 mg/dL for women and ≥ 7 mg/dL for men. Successive RR intervals were recorded along 5 min and analyzed with SA method. 0 V%, 1 V% and 2 V% patterns were quantified and compared between groups. Comparisons were carried out through parametric or nonparametric tests, according to the data distribution characteristics, evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The significance level was set as p ≤ 0.05 for all statistical procedures. RESULTS: The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 67.8 %, and the hyperuricemic older adults exhibited significant higher values for V0% and lower values for V2% parameters when compared to normouricemic older adults. CONCLUSION: These results suggesting a sympathovagal imbalance in hyperuricemic older adults, characterized by greater sympathetic predominance (0 V%) and lower vagal modulation (2 V%) at rest conditions.

Perfil nutricional de pacientes com câncer assistidos pela casa de acolhimento ao paciente oncológico do sudoeste da Bahia / Nutrictional profile of cancer patients assisted by the house os support for cancer patients from the southwest of Bahia

Introdução: O câncer é uma doença crônica não transmissível que provoca, anualmente, 7 milhões de óbitos em todo o mundo. A avaliação nutricional de pacientes oncológicos é de suma importância, dada a grandeza dos problemas nutricionais que essa enfermidade pode ocasionar, interferindo de modo impactante no prognóstico da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional de pacientes com câncer assistidos pela Casa de Acolhimento ao Paciente Oncológico do Sudoeste da Bahia, relacionando-o com o tipo de neoplasia. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 101 pacientes, no qual o seu estado nutricional foi verificado através de métodos antropométrico, subjetivo, dietético e laboratorial. Resultados: As medidas antropométricas sugerem que, pelo menos, um em cada cinco pacientes apresenta algum grau de desnutrição, enquanto os sintomas relacionados à doença e ou ao tratamento enquadram 42,6 por cento dos pacientes na classe moderadamente desnutrido da Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Paciente. A desnutrição mostrou-se presente, principalmente, nos pacientes com tumores de esôfago, cabeça e pescoço e pulmão e, à avaliação dietética, observou-se que mais da metade dos entrevistados consumia produtos de origem animal, gorduras e açúcares diariamente e vegetais semanalmente antes da descoberta da doença. Foram encontrados, principalmente, níveis séricos reduzidos de hemoglobina, ferro, albumina e linfócitos. Conclusão: Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que os pacientes estudados apresentaram graus variados de deficiência nutricional e, assim, propõe-se que maior atenção seja destinada ao estado nutricional do paciente com câncer para que os déficits sejam corrigidos precocemente e as complicações ao quadro sejam evitadas.