Biological and ecological traits rather than geography control mercury (Hg) in scutes of marine turtles from the Southwest Atlantic.

The use of sentinel species in monitoring programs for toxic metals such as mercury (Hg) is essential to understand these pollutants' impact on the environment. For this purpose, it is essential to use organisms that have a lifespan compatible with the residence time of Hg in the oceans, and preferably with a wide geographical distribution, such as sea turtles. Here, we assess the regional variability of Hg concentrations using carapace scutes of four sea turtle species along the foraging and spawning area in the northeast coastline of Brazil. Mercury concentrations in samples showed no relationship with the environmental Hg levels (obtained from literature). Rather, Hg concentrations varied according to species-specific biological, and ecological traits. Characteristics such as the ontogenetic shift in the diet of Chelonia mydas, capital breeding in females, depth of foraging in oceanic waters, and selectivity of food items, such as in Eretmochelys imbricata, significantly influenced Hg concentrations.

Integrating morphological, molecular and cytogenetic data for F2 sea turtle hybrids diagnosis revealed balanced chromosomal sets.

Hybridization could be considered part of the evolutionary history of many species. The hybridization among sea turtle species on the Brazilian coast is atypical and occurs where nesting areas and reproductive seasons overlap. Integrated analysis of morphology and genetics is still scarce, and there is no evidence of the parental chromosome set distribution in sea turtle interspecific hybrids. In this study, chromosome markers previously established for pure sea turtle species were combined with morphological and molecular analyses aiming to recognize genetic composition and chromosome sets in possible interspecific hybrids initially identified by mixed morphology. The data showed that one hybrid could be an F2 individual among Caretta caretta × Eretmochelys imbricata × Chelonia mydas, and another is resulting from backcross between C. caretta × Lepidochelys olivacea. Native alleles of different parental lineages were reported in the hybrids, and, despite this, it was verified that the hybrid chromosome sets were still balanced. Thus, how sea turtle hybridism can affect genetic features in the long term is a concern, as the implications of the crossing-over in hybrid chromosomal sets and the effects on genetic function are still unpredictable.

First report of Caryospora sp. infection in free-living green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Northeastern Brazil.

Infection by Caryospora cheloniae has been reported to be responsible for green turtle strandings with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Although studies have already shown the pathogenesis of these infections, many aspects of this protozoan are still poorly understood, including their life cycle and infection dynamics in free-living sea turtle populations. Due to the lack of information about the infection by this protozoan in sea turtles in Northeastern Brazil, our study aims to describe Caryospora sp. infection and its pathological findings in free-living Chelonia mydas found on the north coast of the Bahia state. Between 2018 and 2019, 64 specimens of green turtles were necropsied in partnership with Fundação Projeto Tamar; among these, 10 (1.56%) had oocysts morphologically compatible with Caryospora cheloniae in the evaluation of fecal samples and histopathological examination of intestinal samples. The infected animals were juvenile green turtles that were found stranded on the beaches of the north coast of Bahia. The pathological findings were restricted to the lower gastrointestinal tract, with different presentations and intensities. About 70% of the animals with coccidial infection exhibited erosive and ulcerative fibrinous enteritis. This is the first report of coccidiosis in green turtles on the north coast of Bahia.

Practical teaching of pathophysiology to LAFFH at the IPD outpatient clinic of FMP/FASE: Historical Repor

Undergraduate students of UNIFASE/FMP, through the Academic League of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Liga Acadêmica de Fisiologia e FisiopatologiaHumana -LAFFH), participate in a supervised internship to outpatient at the Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesService of FMP/FASE, authorized by Clinical Direction (October 2018). Patients received conventional therapy in addition to complementary therapy with Homeopathy, for external use for cleaning skin lesions and modulating inflammatory responses, whose mechanisms of action are already described in the scientific literature and authorized by ANVISA. Aims: Make approach of undergraduate students to Homeopathic pathophysiology. Methodology: The supervised clinical internship of LAFFH students is in two service rooms with 6 students in each, based on prior appointment due to spontaneous demand, with medical records registered by the IPD outpatient service secretary. Outpatient clinical care addresses the pathophysiology and miasms of the symptoms and signs of neglected chronic parasitic diseases prevalent in our country, identified by anamnesis and physical examination. They are correlated to biological activities in plant chemistry classes, besides official homeopathic pharmacopoeia. So, it was adopted the external use of HUD Ledum palustre 6ch for the cleansing of skin lesions with torpid evolution at IPD. Results and discussion: Two patients with edemaand varicose ulcers were treated with the ointment offered. Edema extension which was +++/4+ to both patients diminished to +/4+ in 30 days of interval. Indeed, ulcers remained at the same shape and size, but their bases were cleaned, without purulence. Novel clinical sessions did not occur because of social distancing needed. Conclusion: It has been developed a positive perception among patients and students about the action of homeopathic remedies. The practical teaching activity initiated encourages students in clinical reasoning about complementary therapeutic association with Homeopathy for patients whose evolution is below the expected prognosis with conventional therapy. Project of clinical observation will be elaborated to research ethics committee.

Persistent organic pollutants in plasma and stable isotopes in red blood cells of Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas and Lepidochelys olivacea sea turtles that nest in Brazil.

Studies of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in sea turtles are reported, but there are still spatial data gaps worldwide. POP contamination of live female blood plasma from Caretta caretta (n = 28), Chelonia mydas (n = 31) and Lepidochelys olivacea (n = 19), which nest in Brazil and feed along the South Atlantic Ocean, was investigated. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from red blood cells (RBC) were also evaluated to obtain information about trophic ecology. C. caretta had the highest POP concentrations, followed by L. olivacea and C. mydas. PCBs predominated in all species, and the major OCPs were the DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and derivatives) and Lindane. POPs and stable isotopes revealed intra- and interspecific variations, which reflect the high plasticity in the use of habitat and food resources, making individuals within the same population susceptible to different exposures to pollutants.

Atypical ocular Chelonoid herpesvirus manifestations in a captive Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta).

A captive loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) of unknown sex, 3 years of age, presented with bilateral mucoid secretions, severe chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and globe retraction. The animal was evaluated ophthalmologically and systemically, and hematological, microbiological, and conjunctival cytological and biopsy samples were collected for complementary diagnosis. The histopathological examination showed amphophilic intranuclear inclusions associated with severe inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis of Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV 5) was confirmed with end point PCR. Following systemic treatment with L-lysine, acyclovir and vitamin A, the ocular signs resolved. No amphophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in a follow-up biopsy 5 months later, and there has been no recurrence of clinical ophthalmic signs during a 4-year follow-up. It is suggested that ChAHV 5 be considered as a differential diagnosis in captive marine turtles that present for conjunctival disease other than fibropapillomatosis.

Ocular ultrasonography of sea turtles.

BACKGROUND: Environmental changes contribute to the development of ophthalmic diseases in sea turtles, but information on their eye biometrics is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe ophthalmic ultrasonographic features of four different sea turtle species; Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtle; n = 10), Chelonia mydas (Green turtle; n = 8), Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill turtle; n = 8) and Lepidochelys olivacea (Olive ridley; n = 6) under human care. Corneal thickness, scleral ossicle width and thickness, anterior chamber depth, axial length of the lens, vitreous chamber depth and axial globe length were measured by B-mode sonography with a linear transducer. Carapace size and animal weight were recorded. A sonographic description of the eye structures was established. RESULTS: The four species presented an ovate eyeball, a relatively thin cornea, and a small-sized lens positioned rostrally in the eye bulb, near the cornea, resulting in a shallow anterior chamber. The scleral ossicles did not prevent the evaluation of intraocular structures, even with a rotated eye or closed eyelids; image formation beyond the ossicles and measurements of all proposed structures were possible. B-mode sonography was easily performed in all animals studied. The sonographic characteristics of the eye were similar among the four species. Since there was a correlation between the size of the eye structures and the size of the individual, especially its carapace size, the differences found between E. imbricata and Caretta caretta are believed to be due to their overall difference in size. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography is a valuable tool in ophthalmic evaluation of these species. Only minor differences were found between the species in this study, reinforcing their phylogenetic proximity and their similar functions and habitats.

Experimental composites containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates reduce demineralization at enamel-restoration margins after cariogenic challenge.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of experimental composites containing quaternary ammonium monomers (QAM) at different concentrations and alkyl chains on demineralization at enamel-composite margins after cariogenic challenge. METHODS: Standardized 4×4mm cavities were cut into 35 bovine enamel blocks, which were randomly divided into seven groups (n=5) and restored with the following experimental composites and commercial materials: (G12.5) - 5% dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with a 12-carbon alkyl chain (G12.10) - 10% DMADDM, (G16.5) - 5% dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) with a 16-carbon alkyl chain (G16.10) - 10% DMAHDM, (CG) - control group (without QAM), (GZ250) - commercial composite (Filtek Z250®), and (GIC) - glass ionomer cement (Maxxion R®). After restorative procedures, initial microhardness was measured and experimental composites were subjected to Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation for 48h. After cariogenic challenge, the samples were washed and microhardness was reassessed. A 3D non-contact profilometer was used to determine surface roughness and enamel demineralization was assessed by micro-CT. Microhardness results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and micro-CT results were analyzed by Tukey's HSD test (95% confidence interval). RESULTS: None of the materials could prevent mineral loss at the enamel-restoration margins. The addition of 10% DMAHDM yielded the lowest, albeit statistically significant, mineral loss (p<0.05). 3D non-contact profilometry showed enamel surface roughness modification after biofilm exposure. The CG had the highest roughness values. Micro-CT analysis revealed mineral loss, except for GIC. SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of 10% QAM with a 16-carbon chain in experimental composites reduced mineral loss at the enamel-restoration margins after cariogenic challenge.

Conjunctival bacterial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility of captive and free-living sea turtles in Brazil.

PURPOSE: To describe the aerobic conjunctival bacterial flora of 3 especies of free-living and under human care sea turtles and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro. METHOD: Thirty-six sea turtles (72 eyes), juveniles and adults, 7 free-living Chelonia mydas and 8 Chelonia mydas, 4 Caretta caretta, 11 Eretmochelys imbricata, and 6 Lepidochelys olivacea under human care, were evaluated. Conjunctival cultures were collected for identification of aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, oxacillin, polymyxin B, tetracycline, and tobramycin using antibiotic disks. Bacterial strains showing no sensitivity to 4 or more antimicrobials were considered multiresistant to this panel. RESULTS: Bacterial growth was observed in 12/14 (85.71%) samples in the free-living sea turtles, and there was growth in 100% (58/58) of the samples from captive animals. There were 94 strains isolated and 15 species identified. There was a predominance of Gram-positive bacteria in free-living Chelonia mydas, most of which were Bacillus and Staphylococcus. The most commonly isolated Gram-negative species were enterobacteria for free-living and under human care animals. The strains were predominantly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, and less sensitive to oxacillin or polymyxin B. Ten multiresistant strains were isolated. Yeast were identified in 13.89% (10/72) of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: These results, showing differences in the conjunctival bacterial flora of free-living and captive animals, may be helpful for diagnosis and treatment of ocular disorders in sea turtles.

Uma atualização sobre biomateriais em implantodontia / Biomaterials in Implantology: an update

O processo alveolar é uma estrutura dente dependente que sofre alterações dimensionais após a exodontia. Defeitos ósseos resultantes prejudicam a colocação de implantes e o sucesso em longo prazo. Diversas técnicas cirúrgicas e biomateriais tem sido apresentados como opções terapêuticas para preservação e recuperação dos rebordos edêntulos. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão narrativa é evidenciar o estado atual dos biomateriais disponíveis bem como as possíveis perspectivas futuras. A utilização de biomateriais para cirurgias de reconstrução e manutenção de rebordo alveolar com sucesso é evidente. As cirurgias de reconstrução e preservação de rebordo alveolar com a utilização de novos biomateriais apresentam sucesso evidente. A impressão em 3D de estruturas biocompatíveis, fatores de crescimento, a matriz de dentina desmineralizada (DDM), parafusos e membranas reabsorvíveis podem ser as perspectivas futuras.

The alveolar bone depends on the presence of teeth and dimensional changes occurs after tooth extraction. The resulting bone defects impair both implant installation and long term success. Surgical procedures and biomaterials are considered as treatment options for maintenance and recovery of edentulous ridge. Thus, the aim of this narrative review is to present the current biomaterials as well as future perspectives. Surgical procedures for alveolar ridge preservation and reconstruction with new biomaterials are successful. 3D-Printed biocompatible scaffolds, growth factors, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), resorbable pins and membranes could be the future perspectives.

First satellite tracks of South Atlantic sea turtle 'lost years': seasonal variation in trans-equatorial movement.

In the South Atlantic Ocean, few data exist regarding the dispersal of young oceanic sea turtles. We characterized the movements of laboratory-reared yearling loggerhead turtles from Brazilian rookeries using novel telemetry techniques, testing for differences in dispersal during different periods of the sea turtle hatching season that correspond to seasonal changes in ocean currents. Oceanographic drifters deployed alongside satellite-tagged turtles allowed us to explore the mechanisms of dispersal (passive drift or active swimming). Early in the hatching season turtles transited south with strong southward currents. Late in the hatching season, when currents flowed in the opposite direction, turtles uniformly moved northwards across the Equator. However, the movement of individuals differed from what was predicted by surface currents alone. Swimming velocity inferred from track data and an ocean circulation model strongly suggest that turtles' swimming plays a role in maintaining their position within frontal zones seaward of the continental shelf. The long nesting season of adults and behaviour of post-hatchlings exposes young turtles to seasonally varying ocean conditions that lead some individuals further into the South Atlantic and others into the Northern Hemisphere. Such migratory route diversity may ultimately buffer the population against environmental changes or anthropologic threats, fostering population resiliency.

Oral warning signs of elastic pseudoxanthoma.

The pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a multisystemic heritable disease that primarily affects the connective tissue. It has been characterized by fragmentation and calcification of elastic fibers that can lead to complications of skin and cardiovascular system and changes in retina. Involvement of the oral mucosa has been described like white patches striated especially in the mucosa of both upper and lower lips. These oral signs are potentially useful to diagnose the disease, since it is an often undiagnosed disease due to the variability in phenotypic expressions. This study reports a case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum affecting a woman who developed lesions in the oral mucosa during the disease progression. Intraoral clinical assessment revealed the presence of changes mainly in lower labial mucosa and also slightly changes in the mouth floor and the upper labial mucosa. Therefore, the acknowledgment of oral pseudoxanthoma elasticum lesions helps dental practitioners to establish an early and appropriate diagnosis of this disease. This is very important because pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a multisystem disease with morbidity and mortality, and its early diagnosis and also the establishment of a follow-up protocol for these patients could prevent systemic and oral complications.

Trace elements distribution in hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas) tissues on the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil.

Concentrations of elements (As, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, V, Zn) were determined in liver, kidneys and bones of Eretmochelys imbricata and Chelonia mydas specimens found stranded along the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the liver and kidneys of juvenile C. mydas were the highest found in Brazil. We also observed a significant difference (p<0.05) on the bioaccumulation of trace elements between the two species: Al, Co, Mo, Na and Se in the liver; Al, Cr, Cu, K, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr and V in the kidneys; and Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and V in the bones. This study represents the first report on the distribution and concentration of trace elements in E. imbricata in the Brazilian coast.

O efeito do processo terapêutico para problemas de fluência de fala no discurso de pais / Therapeutic process effect on speech fluency problems in parents discourse

Objetivo: Estudar, por intermédio do discurso de pais, os efeitos e a efetividade de um processo terapêutico para problemas de fluência de fala baseado em uma abordagem dialético-histórica. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa para a qual foram feitas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a três famílias em atendimento terapêutico com a pesquisadora. A entrevista iniciou-se com a frase: Fale-me sobre o processo terapêutico de seu filho. O entrevistador interferiu de modo a garantir que os entrevistados falassem sobre a visão que tinham e tem de seus filhos e de sua fala e das mudanças que observaram. As entrevistas transcritas, foram categorizadas de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin em 4 categorias: Abordagem Terapêutica; Vivências e Afetos; Causas e Visão que os Pais têm do Filho, da Linguagem e da Gagueira, esta última estruturada em 3 sub-categorias: Sentimentos/Pensamentos sobre a Gagueira/Linguagem; Situações Sociais e Características da Comunicação. Resultados/Discussão: Os efeitos terapêuticos observados a partir da analise das categorias foram: em Abordagem Terapêutica relatos dos pais de que, diferentemente de outras abordagens, na abordagem dialético histórica sentiram--se parte integrante do processo terapêutico. Na categoria Vivências e Afetos relatos de que momentos de fala antes sentidos como aflitivos e exaustivos, passaram a ser compartilhados e apreendidos como parte integrante do processo de produção de fala e de que compreenderam que os seus sentimentos tem efeitos sobre a fala das crianças. Na categoria Causas relatos que relacionaram o surgimento da gagueira a algum evento importante de suas vidas. Na categoria Visão que os Pais têm do Filho, da Linguagem e da Gagueira relatos sobre como era a fala de seus filhos; sobre as mudanças observadas nessa fala; sobre o estigma que eles e seus filhos carregavam e sobre sua compreensão de que os contextos sociais intensificavam a gagueira. Conclusão: esses efeitos indicam que o processo ...(AU)

Purpouse: To study, through the speech of parents, the effects and effectiveness of a therapeutic process for speech fluency problems based on a historical-dialectical approach. Method: qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with three families that have therapeutic work with the researcher. The interview began with the phrase: Tell me about your child?s therapeutic process. The interviewer intervened to ensure that respondents talked about the vision they had about their children, his speech and the changes they observed. The transcribed interviews were categorized according to Bardin?s Content Analysis in four categories: Therapeutic Approach; Experiences and Affections; Causes and Vision that Parents have about the Child, the Language and his Stuttering, the last one structured in three subcategories: Feelings and Thoughts on Stuttering and Language; Social Situations and Characteristics of Communication. Results / Discussion: The therapeutic effects observed from the analysis of the categories were: in Therapeutic Approach parents reported that, unlike other approaches, with the dialectical historical approach they felt part of the therapeutic process. In Experiences and Affections reports that speech moments before felt as harassed and helpless, came to be shared and seized as part of the process of speech production and that they understood that their feelings have an effect on the speech of the child. In Vision that Parents have about the Child, the Language and his Stuttering reports about how the speech of their children was; about the changes observed; about the stigma they and their children carried and about their understanding that the social contexts intensified stuttering. Conclusion: These effects indicate that the therapeutic process supported on the historical dialectical approach was effective for the participants in this study. It also indicates that effectiveness is not only measured by the decreasein stuttering and ...(AU)

Objetivo: Estudiar, por intermedio del discurso de los padres, el efecto y la efectividad de un proceso terapéutico para problemas de fluidez del habla, tomando como apoyo el abordaje dialéctico-histórico.Método: Se trata de investigación cualitativa, para la que se hizo entrevistas semiestructuradas contres familias que estaban en tratamiento con la investigadora. La entrevista empezó con la frase: Hábleme sobre el proceso terapéutico de su hijo. El entrevistador intercedió de modo a garantizar que los entrevistados hablasen de la visión que tenían y tienen de su hijo y de su habla y de los cambios que observaron. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron categorizadas de acuerdo con el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin en 4 categorías: Abordaje Terapéutico; Vivencias y Afectos; Causas y Visión que los Padres tiene del Hijo, del Lenguaje y de la Tartamudez, esta última estructurada en 3 sub-categorías: Sentimientos / Pensamientos sobre Tartamudez / Lenguaje; Situaciones Sociales; y Características de la Comunicación. Resultados/Discusión: Los efectos terapéuticos observados desde el análisis de las categorías fueros: en Abordaje Terapéutico relatos de los padres de que, de modo distinto que en otros abordajes, en el abordaje dialéctico-histórico se sintieron integrados al proceso terapéutico. En la categoría Vivencias y Afectos relatos de que momentos del habla antes sentidos como aflictivos y exaustivos pasaron a ser compartidos y entendidos como parte del proceso de producción del habla y de que comprendieron que sus sentimientos tienen efecto sobre el habla de los niños. En la categoría Causas relatos que relacionan el aparecimiento de la tartamudez a algún evento importante de sus vidas. En la categoría Visión que los Padres tiene del Hijo, del Lenguaje y de la Tartamudez relatos sobre como era el habla de sus hijos; sobre los cambios observados en ese modo de hablar; sobre el estigma que ellos y sus hijos cargaban y sobre su compresión de que los contexto ...(AU)

O efeito do processo terapêutico para problemas de fluência de fala no discurso de pais / Therapeutic process effect on speech fluency problems in parents discourse

Objetivo: Estudar, por intermédio do discurso de pais, os efeitos e a efetividade de um processo terapêutico para problemas de fluência de fala baseado em uma abordagem dialético-histórica. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa para a qual foram feitas entrevistas semi-estruturadas a três famílias em atendimento terapêutico com a pesquisadora. A entrevista iniciou-se com a frase: Fale-me sobre o processo terapêutico de seu filho. O entrevistador interferiu de modo a garantir que os entrevistados falassem sobre a visão que tinham e tem de seus filhos e de sua fala e das mudanças que observaram. As entrevistas transcritas, foram categorizadas de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin em 4 categorias: Abordagem Terapêutica; Vivências e Afetos; Causas e Visão que os Pais têm do Filho, da Linguagem e da Gagueira, esta última estruturada em 3 sub-categorias: Sentimentos/Pensamentos sobre a Gagueira/Linguagem; Situações Sociais e Características da Comunicação. Resultados/Discussão: Os efeitos terapêuticos observados a partir da analise das categorias foram: em Abordagem Terapêutica relatos dos pais de que, diferentemente de outras abordagens, na abordagem dialético histórica sentiram--se parte integrante do processo terapêutico. Na categoria Vivências e Afetos relatos de que momentos de fala antes sentidos como aflitivos e exaustivos, passaram a ser compartilhados e apreendidos como parte integrante do processo de produção de fala e de que compreenderam que os seus sentimentos tem efeitos sobre a fala das crianças. Na categoria Causas relatos que relacionaram o surgimento da gagueira a algum evento importante de suas vidas. Na categoria Visão que os Pais têm do Filho, da Linguagem e da Gagueira relatos sobre como era a fala de seus filhos; sobre as mudanças observadas nessa fala; sobre o estigma que eles e seus filhos carregavam e sobre sua compreensão de que os contextos sociais intensificavam a gagueira. Conclusão: esses efeitos indicam que o processo...

Purpouse: To study, through the speech of parents, the effects and effectiveness of a therapeutic process for speech fluency problems based on a historical-dialectical approach. Method: qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with three families that have therapeutic work with the researcher. The interview began with the phrase: Tell me about your child?s therapeutic process. The interviewer intervened to ensure that respondents talked about the vision they had about their children, his speech and the changes they observed. The transcribed interviews were categorized according to Bardin?s Content Analysis in four categories: Therapeutic Approach; Experiences and Affections; Causes and Vision that Parents have about the Child, the Language and his Stuttering, the last one structured in three subcategories: Feelings and Thoughts on Stuttering and Language; Social Situations and Characteristics of Communication. Results / Discussion: The therapeutic effects observed from the analysis of the categories were: in Therapeutic Approach parents reported that, unlike other approaches, with the dialectical historical approach they felt part of the therapeutic process. In Experiences and Affections reports that speech moments before felt as harassed and helpless, came to be shared and seized as part of the process of speech production and that they understood that their feelings have an effect on the speech of the child. In Vision that Parents have about the Child, the Language and his Stuttering reports about how the speech of their children was; about the changes observed; about the stigma they and their children carried and about their understanding that the social contexts intensified stuttering. Conclusion: These effects indicate that the therapeutic process supported on the historical dialectical approach was effective for the participants in this study. It also indicates that effectiveness is not only measured by the decreasein stuttering and...

Objetivo: Estudiar, por intermedio del discurso de los padres, el efecto y la efectividad de un proceso terapéutico para problemas de fluidez del habla, tomando como apoyo el abordaje dialéctico-histórico.Método: Se trata de investigación cualitativa, para la que se hizo entrevistas semiestructuradas contres familias que estaban en tratamiento con la investigadora. La entrevista empezó con la frase: Hábleme sobre el proceso terapéutico de su hijo. El entrevistador intercedió de modo a garantizar que los entrevistados hablasen de la visión que tenían y tienen de su hijo y de su habla y de los cambios que observaron. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron categorizadas de acuerdo con el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin en 4 categorías: Abordaje Terapéutico; Vivencias y Afectos; Causas y Visión que los Padres tiene del Hijo, del Lenguaje y de la Tartamudez, esta última estructurada en 3 sub-categorías: Sentimientos / Pensamientos sobre Tartamudez / Lenguaje; Situaciones Sociales; y Características de la Comunicación. Resultados/Discusión: Los efectos terapéuticos observados desde el análisis de las categorías fueros: en Abordaje Terapéutico relatos de los padres de que, de modo distinto que en otros abordajes, en el abordaje dialéctico-histórico se sintieron integrados al proceso terapéutico. En la categoría Vivencias y Afectos relatos de que momentos del habla antes sentidos como aflictivos y exaustivos pasaron a ser compartidos y entendidos como parte del proceso de producción del habla y de que comprendieron que sus sentimientos tienen efecto sobre el habla de los niños. En la categoría Causas relatos que relacionan el aparecimiento de la tartamudez a algún evento importante de sus vidas. En la categoría Visión que los Padres tiene del Hijo, del Lenguaje y de la Tartamudez relatos sobre como era el habla de sus hijos; sobre los cambios observados en ese modo de hablar; sobre el estigma que ellos y sus hijos cargaban y sobre su compresión de que los contexto...

Ingestão de resíduos antropogênicos por tartarugas marinhas no litoral norte do estado da Bahia, Brasil / Anthropogenic debris ingestion by sea turtles in the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil

Este trabalho descreve a presença de resíduos antropogênicos no trato digestório de tartarugas marinhas no Litoral Norte da Bahia, Brasil. Foram realizadas necropsias no trato digestório de 45 tartarugas marinhas encontradas mortas (Chelonia mydas n=36; Eretmochelys imbricata n=9), no período de janeiro de 2006 a outubro de 2007. Em 60 por cento (27/45) das tartarugas necropsiadas foram encontrados resíduos, especialmente aqueles relacionados à atividade de pesca. Os resíduos encontravam-se ao longo de todo o trato gastrointestinal, com predominância no intestino grosso. A ingestão de resíduos pelas tartarugas marinhas do Litoral Norte da Bahia pode levar a debilidade e até mesmo provocar a morte destes animais.

This study investigates the presence of anthropogenic debris in the digestive tract of sea turtles in the Northern Coast of Bahia, Brazil. Necropsies were performed on 45 turtles, 36 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and 9 hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata), found dead between january 2006 and october 2007. Debris was found in 60 percent of the animals, especially those related to fishing activities. Litter could be found throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, but it was found predominantly in the large intestine (47.53 percent). The ingestion of debris by turtles from the Northern coast of Bahia may lead these animals to starvation, weakness and even death.

Tratamento da vaginose bacteriana com ácido ascórbico / Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with ascorbic acid

Os autores apresentam através de uma comunicação breve os resultados de um estudo onde se comparou o metronidazol com o ácido ascórbico para o tratamento da vaginose bacteriana. Verificou-se que o metronidazol deve ser a escolha para este tratamento, já que o ácido ascórbico, nas dosagens utilizadas, não se mostrou eficaz no tratamento da VB.

The authors present the results of a study comparing metronidazole with ascorbic acid for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. It was found that metronidazole should be the choice for this treatment, since the ascorbicacid at the dosages used were not effective in the treatment of BV.

Análise da produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre família / Analysis of the speech and language Brasilian scientific production on family

Objetivo: levantamento e caracterização de parte da produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre família no período entre 1986 a 2010. Método: estudo documental no qual se levantaram as publicações em periódicos, teses e dissertações considerando o período da publicação; a distribuição de freqüência por período; o tipo de publicação; as sub-temáticas abordadas; a vertente epistemológica e a área da fonoaudiologia a que a publicação pertence. Resultados: No período de 24 anos investigado, encontraram-se 104 publicações: 75(78) na forma de artigos e 25(26) na forma de dissertações. O maior número de publicações (48,07)(50), concentrou-se entre 2006 e 2010. Encontraram-se12 sub-temáticas, sendo as mais freqüentes: Importância do Trabalho com a Família para Terapia Fonoaudiológica (23)(24); Influências das Relações Familiares nos Sintomas (22,10)(23) e Envolvimento Familiar em Reabilitação (14,42)(15). Quanto à área fonoaudiológica, 69,23(72) das publicações pertenceram à Linguagem. Quanto à vertente epistemológica 52,88(55) eram dialético históricas e 47,11 (49) positivistas. Conclusão: O crescimento da produção acompanha a trajetória de outras áreas da Fonoaudiologia brasileira. De acordo com as sub-temáticas, a maioria das publicações versa sobre inclusão do núcleo familiar no atendimento fonoaudiológico. A distribuição das publicaçõespelas vertentes epistemológicas não acompanha a tendência de hegemonia do paradigma positivista tanto na Fonoaudiologia, com na da área da saúde em geral. Há lacunas no conhecimento quanto a estudos sobre a influência das relações familiares na constituição de linguagem e quanto a estudos sobre família nas áreas de Audição, Motricidade Orofacial, Saúde Coletiva e Voz.

Purpose: To analyse part of Brasilian Speech-Laguage and Hearing Sciences production on family from the year of 1986 to the first semester of 2010. Method: documental study which raised thepublications in periodicals, doctoral thesis and máster dissertations, regarding the publication period; the frequency distribution by period; the publication types; the publication sub-themes; the epistemological approach;the Speech-Laguage and Hearing Sciences area to which the publication belongs to. Results: During de investigated period (24 years), 104 publications were found, 75(78) articles and 25(26) master dissertations. The largest number of publications (48,07)(50) were concentrated between 2006 to 2010. We found 12 sub-themes, the most frequent: The Importance of Working with The Family to Speech-Laguage and Hearing Therapy (23)(24); Influence of Family Relations on Symptoms (22,10) (23) and Family Envolvement in Rehabilitation (14,42)(15). Regarding the Speech-Laguage and Hearing area, 69,23(72) publications belong to Language. Regarding the epistemological approach 52,88(55) were dialectical historical and 47,11(49) were positivist. Conclusion: The growth of production follows the trajectory of other brasilian Speech-Laguage and Hearing areas. According to de sub-themes the majority of the publications deals with family inclusion in speech therapy. The distribution of publications by the epistemological approaches does not follow the positivist paradigm trend of hegemony neither in Speech-Laguage and Hearing area nor in health area. There are gaps in research about the influence of familiar relationships on language constitution and about family in the Speech-Laguage and Hearing areas of Hearing, Oralfacial Motion, Community Health and Voice.

Objetivo: Levantamiento y caracterización de parte de la producción científica fonoaudiológica brasileña sobre familia, en el período de 1986 a 2010. Método: estudio de documental en que se levantaron las publicaciones en periódicos, tesis y disertaciones de acuerdo con el período de la publicación; la distribución de frecuencia por período; el tipo de publicación; los sub-temas; la vertiente epistemológica; las áreas de la fonoaudiología a que la publicación pertenece. Resultados: en el período de 24 años investigado se encontraron 104 publicaciones: 75(78) en forma de artículos y 25(26) en forma de disertaciones. El numero mayor de publicaciones (48,07)(50) se concentro entre 2006 y 2010. Se encontraron 12 sub-temas, los mas frecuentes: Importancia del Trabajo con la Familia para la Terapia Fonoaudiológica (23)(24); Influencia de las Relaciones Familiares en los Síntomas (22,10)(23) y Envolvimiento Familiar en Rehabilitación (14,42)(15). Sobre la area fonoaudiológica, 69,23(72) publicaciones pertencieron a Lenguaje. Sobre la vertiente epistemológica 52,88(55) eran dialéctico históricas y 47,11(49) positivistas. Conclusión: El crecimiento de la producción acompaña el de otras áreas de la Fonoaudiología brasileña. De acuerdo con las sub-temáticas la mayoría de las publicaciones trata de la inclusión de la familia en el tratamiento fonoaudiológico. La distribución dela producción por las vertientes no acompaña a la tendencia hegemónica del paradigma positivista sea en la Fonoaudiología, sea en el área de la salud. Hay lagunas de investigación sobre la influencia de las relaciones familiares en la construcción de lenguaje y sobre familia en las áreas de Audición, Motricidad Oral Facial, Salud Colectiva y Voz.

Análise da produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre família / Analysis of the Speech and Language Brasilian Scientific Production on Family

Objetivo: levantamento e caracterização de parte da produção científica fonoaudiológica brasileira sobre família no período entre 1986 a 2010. Método: estudo documental no qual se levantaram as publicações em periódicos, teses e dissertações considerando o período da publicação; a distribuição de freqüência por período; o tipo de publicação; as sub-temáticas abordadas; a vertente epistemológica e a área da fonoaudiologia a que a publicação pertence. Resultados: No período de 24 anos investigado, encontraram-se 104 publicações: 75%(78) na forma de artigos e 25%(26) na forma de dissertações. O maior número de publicações (48,07%)(50), concentrou-se entre 2006 e 2010. Encontraram-se12 sub-temáticas, sendo as mais freqüentes: Importância do Trabalho com a Família para Terapia Fonoaudiológica (23%)(24); Influências das Relações Familiares nos Sintomas (22,10%)(23) e Envolvimento Familiar em Reabilitação (14,42%)(15). Quanto à área fonoaudiológica, 69,23%(72) das publicações pertenceram à Linguagem. Quanto à vertente epistemológica 52,88%(55) eram dialético históricas e 47,11% (49) positivistas. Conclusão: O crescimento da produção acompanha a trajetória de outras áreas da Fonoaudiologia brasileira. De acordo com as sub-temáticas, a maioria das publicações versa sobre inclusão do núcleo familiar no atendimento fonoaudiológico. A distribuição das publicaçõespelas vertentes epistemológicas não acompanha a tendência de hegemonia do paradigma positivista tanto na Fonoaudiologia, com na da área da saúde em geral. Há lacunas no conhecimento quanto a estudos sobre a influência das relações familiares na constituição de linguagem e quanto a estudos sobre família nas áreas de Audição, Motricidade Orofacial, Saúde Coletiva e Voz.(AU)

Purpose: To analyse part of Brasilian Speech-Laguage and Hearing Sciences production on family from the year of 1986 to the first semester of 2010. Method: documental study which raised thepublications in periodicals, doctoral thesis and máster dissertations, regarding the publication period; the frequency distribution by period; the publication types; the publication sub-themes; the epistemological approach;the Speech-Laguage and Hearing Sciences area to which the publication belongs to. Results: During de investigated period (24 years), 104 publications were found, 75%(78) articles and 25%(26) master dissertations. The largest number of publications (48,07%)(50) were concentrated between 2006 to 2010. We found 12 sub-themes, the most frequent: The Importance of Working with The Family to Speech-Laguage and Hearing Therapy (23%)(24); Influence of Family Relations on Symptoms (22,10%) (23) and Family Envolvement in Rehabilitation (14,42%)(15). Regarding the Speech-Laguage and Hearing area, 69,23%(72) publications belong to Language. Regarding the epistemological approach 52,88%(55) were dialectical historical and 47,11(49) were positivist. Conclusion: The growth of production follows the trajectory of other brasilian Speech-Laguage and Hearing areas. According to de sub-themes the majority of the publications deals with family inclusion in speech therapy. The distribution of publications by the epistemological approaches does not follow the positivist paradigm trend of hegemony neither in Speech-Laguage and Hearing area nor in health area. There are gaps in research about the influence of familiar relationships on language constitution and about family in the Speech-Laguage and Hearing areas of Hearing, Oralfacial Motion, Community Health and Voice.(AU)

Objetivo: Levantamiento y caracterización de parte de la producción científica fonoaudiológica brasileña sobre familia, en el período de 1986 a 2010. Método: estudio de documental en que se levantaron las publicaciones en periódicos, tesis y disertaciones de acuerdo con el período de la publicación; la distribución de frecuencia por período; el tipo de publicación; los sub-temas; la vertiente epistemológica; las áreas de la fonoaudiología a que la publicación pertenece. Resultados: en el período de 24 años investigado se encontraron 104 publicaciones: 75%(78) en forma de artículos y 25%(26) en forma de disertaciones. El numero mayor de publicaciones (48,07%)(50) se concentro entre 2006 y 2010. Se encontraron 12 sub-temas, los mas frecuentes: Importancia del Trabajo con la Familia para la Terapia Fonoaudiológica (23%)(24); Influencia de las Relaciones Familiares en los Síntomas (22,10%)(23) y Envolvimiento Familiar en Rehabilitación (14,42%)(15). Sobre la area fonoaudiológica, 69,23%(72) publicaciones pertencieron a Lenguaje. Sobre la vertiente epistemológica 52,88%(55) eran dialéctico históricas y 47,11%(49) positivistas. Conclusión: El crecimiento de la producción acompaña el de otras áreas de la Fonoaudiología brasileña. De acuerdo con las sub-temáticas la mayoría de las publicaciones trata de la inclusión de la familia en el tratamiento fonoaudiológico. La distribución dela producción por las vertientes no acompaña a la tendencia hegemónica del paradigma positivista sea en la Fonoaudiología, sea en el área de la salud. Hay lagunas de investigación sobre la influencia de las relaciones familiares en la construcción de lenguaje y sobre familia en las áreas de Audición, Motricidad Oral Facial, Salud Colectiva y Voz.(AU)

Stresse ocupacional da equipe de enfermagem do Centro Cirúrgico / Occupational stress of a nursing team from Chirurgical Center

Objetivo: analisar o nível de estresse ocupacional da equipe de enfermagem do Centro Cirúrgico. Método: pesquisa dotipo exploratória e descritiva. A amostra pesquisada foi composta por 23 trabalhadores de um hospital geral do vale doParaíba paulista. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulários e tratados por meio de análise quantitativa. Oprograma usado foi o Microsoft Office Excel 2003. Resultados: o sexo predominante foi o feminino (86,96%); a faixa etáriamais acometida foi entre 26 e 35 anos (69,57%); o grau de escolaridade predominante foi o de Ensino Médio completo(65,22%); dos entrevistados, 86,96% trabalham no turno diurno. Em relação ao estresse, estão em risco: quanto aosrequisitos de trabalho, 52,17%; quanto à autoridade decisória, 60,87%; em relação às condições de emprego, 82,61%;quanto à discriminação de tarefas, 17,39%; quanto ao apoio da chefia, somente 13,04%. Conclusão: As condições deemprego e a autoridade decisória predominaram em relação ao risco de estresse, o que permite sugerir melhoria noambiente de trabalho, promovendo-se, assim, a qualidade de vida.