[Cytochemical study of alkaline phosphatase activity as a cancer cell marker in exudates from serous-membrane lined cavities]. / Tsitokhimicheskoe issledovanie aktivnosti shchelochnoi fosfatazy kak marker rakovykh kletok v ékssudatakh iz polostei, vystlannykh seroznoi obolochkoi.

Cytochemical demonstration of levamisole-sensitive alkaline phosphatase (AP) have been used for the identification of tumor cells in serous effusions. AP-activity is not demonstrable in mesothelial cells and histiocytes-macrophages in serous effusions in 18 noncancer patients. Enzyme activity is detected in cancer cells in serous effusions in 19 from 52 cancer patients. Oncoassociated antigens are detected on the membranes of AP-positive cancer cells more rare that AP-negative cancer cells.

[Cancerous and mesothelial cells in pleural exudates studied by enzymatic chemical methods and monoclonal antibodies]. / Issledovanie rakovykh i mezotelial'nykh kletok v plevral'nykh ékssudatakh s pomoshch'iu énzimokhimicheskikh metodov i monoklonal'nykh antitel.

Pleural cavity exudates obtained from 26 patients with cancer of the lung, ovary, stomach and breast and 13 cases of nononcological pathologies were studied using enzymatic cytochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies. A complex of tissue markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, 90 kdalton glycoproteid, activity of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, and PAS-positive bodies) was identified. It allows to differentiate between malignant and mesothelial cells in smears prepared from exudates.

[Immunophenotypic characteristics of lymphocytes in pleural cavity exudates]. / Immunofenotipicheskie osobennosti limfotsitov v ékssudatakh plevral'noi polosti.

Data are reported of a study of the immunophenotypic aspects of lymphocytes in exudates from the pleural cavity realized by means of an immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies produced in the USSR. The importance is shown of the investigation for the differential diagnosis of lymphoid reactions and B-lymphoproliferative diseases.

[Immunohistocytochemical determination of surface membrane antigens and cytoskeletal proteins in pleural exudates]. / Immunogistokhimicheskoe opredelenie antigenov poverkhnostnykh membran i belkov tsitoskeleta kletok v plevral'nykh ékssudatakh.

A method for the determination of surface proteins and cellular elements cytoskeleton proteins in exudates from the pleural cavity is described. Use of this method has helped identify carcinoma cells in exudates of 19 patients out of the 21 examinees with oncologic diseases and permitted a characterization of the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes. This method may be employed as an additional test for the detection of carcinoma cells in exudates from serous cavities.