The psychological well-being and physical health of sandwiched caregivers in the United States: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: As numbers of sandwiched caregivers in the United States grow, it is essential to document the literature on the impacts of dual care demands on well-being and health. METHOD: Guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework, this scoping review examined the literature on sandwiched caregivers' psychological well-being and physical health, identified gaps in the literature, and provided future directions to advance the family caregiving literature. RESULTS: Findings showed that there were inconsistencies in the conceptualization of sandwiched caregivers. Additionally, an examination of the studies showed that sandwiched caregivers exhibited lower levels of psychological well-being and poorer health behaviors compared to other types of family caregivers and noncaregivers. Furthermore, the quality of sandwiched caregivers' psychological well-being was shaped by family and work contexts. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should direct more attention to the examination of sandwiched caregivers' physical health and those of minority status given that multigenerational care occurs at greater rates in these populations. Additionally, a systems perspective would allow for the examination of the impact of sandwiched caregiving on other family members. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

A Peek Past the Vape Clouds: Vape Shop Decline in Long Beach, California during 2015-2018.

OBJECTIVES: The current study adds to the literature on vape shops by evaluating vape shop growth in an urban community over a 3-year period, assessing similarities and differences across the vape shop context, and addressing whether socialization spaces within vape shops are associated with a vape shop's ultimate success - remaining operational. As e-cigarette/vaping use enters its second decade in the US market, its regulation and status as a novel form of substance use is evolving; accordingly, it is unknown whether the presence of vape shops has changed as well. METHODS: In this study, we tracked and observed 19 vape shops over a 3-year period in Long Beach, California. RESULTS: Vape shop presence declined by 53% between September 2015 and September 2018. A comparison of vape shops remaining open versus those closing in the 3-year period indicated that shops with designated socialization spaces (lounges/tasting bars) were more likely to remain operational. CONCLUSIONS: The substantial decline in vape shop presence in this community may reflect an entrepreneurial response to increased regulation, as well as a dynamic market for e-cigarette/vape products. Findings suggest vape users support Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) retailers that promote community-building or recreational activity.