[Structural and Functional Properties of Vascular Endothelium].

We have summarized in this paper main conceptions on structure and function of vascular endothelium with special attention to the role of caveolae both in regulation of function of endothelium itself and transvesicular transport of metabolic substrates. We have also described the role of shear stress in activation of vascular endothelium and putative mechanisms of its action.

[Dysfunction of vascular endothelium in patients with coronary heart disease].

Patients with FC II-IV CHD and angina of effort were divided into 3 groups (compensated, subcompensated, and decompensated types) based on vascular reaction to local ischemic load Serum lipid spectrum, parameters of hemostasis and blood flow were evaluated before and after the load. It was shown that each type of vascular reaction had specific predictors. Vasodilation in "compensated" patients was largely due to hydrodynamic changes in the vascular bed. The "subcompensated" type was characterized by reduced sensitivity to this changes "decompensated" type of reactivity was related to metabolic rather than hydrodynamic disorders accounting for paradoxic vasoconstriction in response to ischemic load.

[Endothelial dysfunction in patients with angina pectoris of functional classes II and III].

Hemostatic parameters and the diameter of the brachial artery were studied in patients with functional classes II and III angina on exertion before and after an ischemic test. A multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine the significant parameters that distinguish vascular endothelial function in these patients. At the same time it was established that endothelial dysfunction in patients with varying angina pectoris is determined by different predictors of thrombocytic-vascular hemostasis.

[Changes in lipid metabolism and hemostasis in intravenous and intrahepatic transplantation of neonatal allogenic hepatocytes in conditions of experimental hypercholesterolemia].

We studied effects of neonatal hepatocytes transplantation (NHT) on lipid metabolism and hemostasis in experimental hypercholesterolemia. A positive NHT influence on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and hemostasis was established. The experimental data evidence for preferential influence of intrahepatic NHT on lipid metabolism and hemostasis compared to intravenous NHT.

[Effect of electrostimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord on changes in the cardiac rhythm in acute myocardial ischemia]. / Vliianie élektrostimuliatsii dorsolateral'nogo kanatika spinnogo mozga na izmeneniia ritma serdtsa pri ostroi ishemii miokarda.

The experiments were carried out on inbred white male rats. Cardiac rhythm changes revealed in acute myocardial ischemia under conditions of electrostimulation (ES) of descending sympathicoinhibitory pathways, constituting part of spinal dorsolateral funiculi (DLF) were studied. 10-min stimulation of DLF, started immediately after ligation of the left coronary artery, checked the development of severe cardiac arrhythmia, or considerably weakened the already existing one. The data obtained substantiate the assumption that the onset of cardiac arrhythmia in acute ischemia is associated with the involvement of sympathic preganglionic neurons into the pathologic system, which may be suppressed by the activation of the functionally opposite systems.

[Interrelation of heart rhythm disorders in acute myocardial ischemia with the activity of the limbic and noradrenergic systems]. / Vzaimosviaz' narushenii ritma serdtsa pri ostroi ishemii miokarda s deiatel'nost'iu nekotorykh struktur limbicheskoi i noradrenergicheskoi sistem.

Experiments on white rats were made to study the time-course of the electric activity in the limbic structures and Locus Coeruleus (LC) under ligation of the coronary artery, and the effect of the coagulation of these structures on heart rhythm disorders in acute myocardial ischemia. It was established that during the period that preceded the development of heart rhythm disorders, the most conspicuous changes were seen in the electric activity of the anterior amygdaline nucleus and LC, whereas the coagulation of the amygdalae prevented to a considerable measure development of different forms of arrhythmia. The authors suggest that in acute myocardial ischemia, these structures are directly related to heart rhythm disorders, while the LC is likely to play a role of the hyperactive determinant structure.

[Role of the locus coeruleus in the development of cerebrovascular disorders in acute myocardial ischemia]. / Rol' "golubogo piatna" v razvitii tsebrovaskuliarnykh narushenii pri ostroi ishemii miokarda.

Experiments on rats were made to examine the total cerebral blood flow during locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation, acute myocardial ischemia and in the presence of acute myocardial ischemia after LC precoagulation . LC electric stimulation caused a decrease in the cerebral blood flow. The most profound cerebrovascular disorders were observed in animals with acute myocardial ischemia without LC precoagulation and were followed by cardiac arrhythmias. Cerebrovascular hemodynamic disorders occurring in acute myocardial ischemia were prevented by LC coagulation. It is suggested that the cerebrovascular disorders are consequent on the formation in the LC of the hyperactive determinant structure and play a role of a secondary pathogenetic factor in heart regulation disorders.

[Characteristics of the rhythmic activity of a normal and a damaged heart during hyperactivity of spinal cord preganglionic neurons]. / Kharakter ritmicheskoi deiatel'nosti zdorovogo i povrezhdennogo serdtsa pri giperaktivnosti preganglionarnykh neironov spinnogo mozga.

Experiments on white rats were made to investigate the character of rhythmical activity of normal heart and that in acute myocardial ischemia in response to electrical stimulation of preganglionic neurons (PN) of the thoracic part of the spinal cord and the formation in them of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation induced by microinjection of tetanus toxin. In both types of PN hyperactivation, arrhythmias of different patterns developed, their severity and duration being related to the level of initial cardiac reactivity and the degree of PN excitation. It is suggested that under distress of the autonomous mechanisms responsible for regulation of the injured heart, hyperactivation of the spinal cord sympathetic apparatus might be a factor provoking arrhythmia.

[Effect of "blue spot" hyperactivation on the rhythm of the intact heart and the heart with altered reactivity]. / Vliianie giperaktivatsii "golubogo piatna" na ritm intaktnogo serdtsa i serdtsa s izmenennoi reaktivnost'iu.

Experiments on rats were made to study the character of rhythmical activity of intact heart and heart with abnormal reactivity under electrical stimulation of the blue spot (BS) and formation in it of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) by penicillin microinjections. Hyperactivation of the BS by electrostimulation or formation of the GPEE led to the same disorders of rhythmical activity. Provoking changes in intact heart rhythm according to the tachycardia type, hyperactivation of the BS was accompanied by various arrhythmias under abnormalities of the heart regulatory mechanisms proper. It is assumed that hyperactivation of the BS may initiate cardiac rhythm disturbances. The dependence of the realization of pathological process on the changes in control apparatus function and target organ reactivity is stressed.

[Effect of hyperactivation of the anterior amygdaloid nucleus on heart work in altered reactivity]. / Vliianie giperaktivatsii perednego amigdaliarnogo iadra na deiatel'nost' serdtsa v usloviiakh ego izmenennoi reaktivnosti.

It was shown in experiments on random-bred rats that changes in the heart reactivity caused by adrenaline, rausedyl, potassium chloride and strophanthine facilitate the occurrence of cardiac rhythm abnormalities during the creation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the anterior amygdaline nucleus. The moments of rhythm abnormalities correlate with the occurrence of GPEE epileptic activity. Meanwhile the pattern of cardiac rhythm abnormalities is largely determined by the specificity of action of the pharmacological substances indicated. Analogous effects of cardiac rhythm abnormality facilitation during GPEE creation in the nucleus were obtained in myocardial ischemia caused by the occlusion of the anterior or posterior left coronary artery. At the same time the differences were recorded in the pattern of cardiac rhythm abnormalities depending on the area of ischemia. The data obtained are discussed in the light of concepts of regulation diseases, particularly of the correlation between the role of determinant structures and reactivity disorders in the target organs.

[Changes in the rhythm of cardiac activity in hyperactivation of the anterior amygdaloid nucleus]. / Izmenenie ritma serdechnoi deiatel'nosti pri giperaktivatsii perednego amigdaliarnogo iadra.

It was shown in experiments on random-bred rats that the creation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the anterior amygdaline nucleus causes abnormalities of cardiac rhythm (bradysystole). These effects are realized via the vagus nerves. Discharges of the epileptic activity in the GPEE correlate with breaks of electric activity in the vagus (the central terminal) and cardiac complex loss. Coagulation of the GPEE area in the amygdala and brain cooling which entails the disappearance of GPEE activity lead to the recovery of normal cardiac rhythm. The data obtained are discussed from the standpoint of the general concepts of the role of the central hyperactive determinant structures in the pathology of visceral function regulation.