Aproximación diagnóstica de patología otológica mediante imágenes, en médicos APS, de la I y II Región de Chile / Diagnostic approach of othologic patology using images, in primary health physicians from the first and second region of Chile

Introducción: La otoscopía corresponde a la herramienta principal que muchos médicos deben utilizar durante la evaluación de patologías otorrinolaringológicas, cuya enseñanza se realiza durante la formación del médico general en un tiempo acotado. Objetivo: En este trabajo se pretende evaluar el diagnóstico correcto de imágenes características de otoscopía por médicos de APS. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio no experimental, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de corte transversal donde se aplicó un test a médicos no especialistas de APS de la I y II región de Chile. Resultados: Se encuestó a un total de 89 médicos. El porcentaje total de respuestas correctas correspondió a 24,8%. La imagen más reconocida corresponde a la perforación timpánica. Sólo 20,2% reconoció la imagen correspondiente a un tímpano normal. Conclusión: Estos resultados se pueden atribuir a la falta de conocimientos y entrenamiento adquirido por los médicos generales, por lo que se debe trabajar en un mejor entrenamiento en otoscopía en el pregrado.

Introduction: Otoscopy is the main tool used by general practitioners for the assesment of ENT patologies, wich is taught during a short period in medicine schools. Aim: The intention of this study is to evaluate the accurate diagnosis of characteristic otoscopy images by primary health physicians. Material and method: A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative and cross-cut study was carried out; A survey was applied to general practitioners who were working on primary health care of I and II region of Chile. Results: A total of 89 physicians were surveyd. The total percentage of correct answers was 24.8%. The most recognized image was timpanic perforation. Just a 20.2% recognized the image corresponding to a normal timpanic membrane. Conclusion: This results can be attributed to the lack of knowledge and training acquired by the general practitioners, So we must work on a better training in otoscopy in the undergraduate.

Differential susceptibility to the Withering Syndrome agent and renal coccidia in juvenile Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and the interspecific hybrid.

Withering Syndrome (WS) is a pathogenic chronic disease caused by the intracellular rickettsial-like bacterium "Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis" (WS-RLOs), which affects many abalone species. The renal coccidium (Margolisiella haliotis) has often been observed concurrent with WS infection. The red abalone Haliotis rufescens is a very susceptible species to WS and is also infected by the coccidium M. haliotis. In contrast, the Japanese abalone Haliotis discus hannai is not infected by these parasites. Interspecific hybridization is a method for improving important traits in animal husbandry. The objective of this study was to determine susceptibility to WS-RLO and M. haliotis infection in the hybrid generated from a cross between red and Japanese abalones. Juveniles from both species and the interspecific hybrid were challenged by exposure to effluent from red abalone adults infected with both parasites. The animals were analyzed by histology at 130days post-challenge. A 33% prevalence WS-RLOs was observed in the red abalone H. rufescens, whereas a 20% prevalence was observed in the hybrid. Infections were graded on a scale of 0-3. Of these red abalones infected, 53% presented grade 1 infection intensity, 10% had grade 2 infections, and 50% had grade 3 infections. However, the hybrids only presented intensities at the extremes of the scale; of those infected 33% showed grade 1 infections and 66% had grade 3 infections. The coccidium prevalence was 7% in red abalone individuals and 13% in the hybrid abalone. In contrast, the Japanese abalone did not present infections with either parasite. As with the prevalence, the infection intensities for the coccidium were higher in the hybrid abalone; of those infected 25% had grade 2 infections, and 75% had grade 3 infections, but the red abalone presented only grade 2 infection intensities. Therefore, the hybrid did not inherited non-susceptibility or resistance characteristics of the parental H. discus hannai and possessed biological conditions that could foster development of both parasites. Development of a culture based on this hybrid abalone should consider its susceptibility to infection by coccidian, WS-RLOs and the potential for developing the WS disease.