Korrika, running in collective effervescence through the Basque Country: A model of collective processes and their positive psychological effects.

The neo-Durkheimnian model suggests that feedback and emotional communion between participants during a collective gathering (i.e., perceived emotional synchrony: PES) is one of the key mechanisms of collective processes. This shared emotional experience gives rise, in turn, to more intense emotions, this being one of the explanatory models of the positive psychological effects of collective participation. Through a quasi-longitudinal design of three measurement-times (N = 273, 65.9% women; age: 18-70, M = 39.43, SD = 11.64), the most massive social mobilization that is celebrated in favor of the Basque language in the Basque Country (Korrika) was analyzed. Repeated measures and sequential mediation analyzes supported the model. The effect of participation on social integration was mediated by the increase in emotions of enjoyment through PES; the effect on social acceptance, social contribution, and social actualization was mediated by increased kama muta through PES; the effect on collective empowerment was mediated by the increase in self-transcendent emotions through PES; and the effect on remembered well-being was partially mediated by PES. Finally, it was also verified for the first time that the effect of participation on social integration, social acceptance and social actualization was maintained through PES (but not through emotions) for at least 6-7 weeks after the event ended. Also, it is concluded that Kama muta is a relevant emotion during collective gatherings.

Residual Renal Phosphate Clearance in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis or Hemodiafiltration.

OBJECTIVES: Substantial levels of residual renal clearance and urine output may occur in patients treated with hemodialysis or hemodiafiltration. However, the relationships among residual renal urea, creatinine, and phosphate clearances, respectively, and between clearances and urine volume have not been well described. METHODS: We performed a prospective, cross-sectional study which enrolled hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration patients with a urine volume of >100 mL/day, in whom at least 2 residual renal clearances were obtained over a 6-month observation period. Urine was collected for 24 hours prior to the midweek treatment session and concentrations of urea, creatinine, and phosphate were measured. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (24 men, 14 women) with a mean age of 70.4 ± 12.4 (SD) years were included in this analysis. All patients were dialyzed 3 times per week with mean treatment duration of 243 ± 7.89 minutes. Twenty patients were undergoing hemodiafiltration and 18 patients high-flux hemodialysis. In total, 102 dialysis sessions, of which 52 were hemodiafiltration, and urine collections were analyzed. Mean urine volume was 457 ± 254 mL per 24 hours. Residual renal clearance rates of urea (Kr Urea), creatinine (Kr Cr), and phosphate (Kr Phos) were 1.60 ± 0.979, 4.69 ± 3.79, and 1.98 ± 1.36 mL/minute, respectively. Mean ratios of Kr Cr/Kr Urea, Kr Phos/Kr Urea, and Kr Phos/Kr Cr were 2.83 ± 1.21, 1.23 ± 0.387, and 0.477 ± 0.185, respectively. There was a modest correlation between Kr Phos and daily urine volume (r = 0.605, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In maintenance hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration patients, residual renal phosphate clearance is approximately 23% higher than residual renal urea clearance. Urine volume is a modestly accurate surrogate for estimating residual renal phosphate clearance, but only when urine volume is <300 mL/day.

[Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants. What has been done and where are we today?] / Prevención de la infección por virus respiratorio sincicial en lactantes. ¿Qué se ha hecho y en qué estamos hoy?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Recently, great advances have been made in the development of new monoclonal antibodies and vaccines thanks to the recognition of the structural conformation of virus proteins. The objective of this study was to review the advances related to the prevention of RSV infection in the first 6 months of life. Advances in structural biology have shown that the RSV fusion protein (F-Protein) in its prefusion state (Pre-F) is an excellent antigen for developing monoclonal antibodies and vaccines to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. A new single-dose monoclonal antibody, Nirsevimab, has greater neutralizing power than currently available Palivizumab, and prolonged protection for 5 to 6 months. Nirsevimab has demonstrated an efficacy of 76.8% (95% CI, 49.4 to 89.4) in preventing lower respiratory infection 150 days after vaccination, decreasing the risk of ICU admission by 90.1% (95% CI: 16.4-98.8). Clesrovimab is another single-dose monoclonal antibody that has also shown promising results in phase 1b-2a trials. More recently, a bivalent vaccine against RSV A and B (Bivalent Prefusion F) has also been developed by replicating the F-protein stabilized in its Pre-F state as an antigen, using genetic engineering. This antigen, when administered to pregnant women between 24-36 weeks of gestation, induces high levels of antibodies in the mother with high transplacental transfer to the fetus. This vaccine has demonstrated an efficacy of 81.8% (95% CI: 40.6-96.3) at 90 days and 69.4% (95% CI: 44.3-84.1) at 180 days to prevent severe RSV disease (primary endpoint) without safety events detected so far. Nirsevimab and the Pre-F vaccine for pregnant women confer effective protection through passive immunity against RSV that lasts for the first 5 to 6 months of life and have already been approved for use in Europe by the EMA and in Canada and the United States by the FDA.

Emotional processes, collective behavior, and social movements: A meta-analytic review of collective effervescence outcomes during collective gatherings and demonstrations.

In this article, we review the conceptions of Collective Effervescence (CE) -a state of intense shared emotional activation and sense of unison that emerges during instances of collective behavior, like demonstrations, rituals, ceremonies, celebrations, and others- and empirical approaches oriented at measuring it. The first section starts examining Émile Durkheim's classical conception on CE, and then, the integrative one proposed by the sociologist Randall Collins, leading to a multi-faceted experience of synchronization. Then, we analyze the construct as a process emerging in collective encounters when individuals contact with social ideal and values, referring to the classical work of Serge Moscovici as well as those more recent empirical approaches. Third, we consider CE as a set of intense positive emotions linked to processes of group identification, as proposed by authors of the Social Identity Theory tradition. Finally, we describe CE from the perspective of self-transcendence (e.g., emotions, experiences), and propose a unified description of this construct. The second section shows the results of a meta-analytical integration (k = 50, N = 182,738) aimed at analyzing CE's proximal effects or construct validity (i.e., Individual Emotions and Communal Sharing) as well as its association with more distal variables, such as Collective Emotions, Social Integration, Social Values and Beliefs and Empowerment. Results indicate that CE strongly associates with Individual Emotions -in particular, Self-Transcendent Emotions- and Communal Sharing constructs (e.g., Group Identity, Fusion of Identity), providing construct validity. Among the distal effects of CE, it is associated with Collective Positive Emotions, long-term Social Integration (e.g., Ingroup Commitment), Social Values and Beliefs and Empowerment-related variables (e.g., Wellbeing, Collective Efficacy, Collective Self-Esteem). Among the moderation analyses carried out (e.g., study design, CE scale, type of collective gathering), the effects of CE in demonstrations are noticeable, where this variable is a factor that favors other variables that make collective action possible, such as Group Identity (r pooled = 0.52), Collective Efficacy (r pooled = 0.37), Negative and Self-Transcendent Emotions (r pooled = 0.14 and 0.58), and Morality-related beliefs (r pooled = 0.43).

Identifying Priorities, Targets, and Actions for the Long-term Social and Ecological Management of Invasive Non-Native Species.

Formulating effective management plans for addressing the impacts of invasive non-native species (INNS) requires the definition of clear priorities and tangible targets, and the recognition of the plurality of societal values assigned to these species. These tasks require a multi-disciplinary approach and the involvement of stakeholders. Here, we describe procedures to integrate multiple sources of information to formulate management priorities, targets, and high-level actions for the management of INNS. We follow five good-practice criteria: justified, evidence-informed, actionable, quantifiable, and flexible. We used expert knowledge methods to compile 17 lists of ecological, social, and economic impacts of lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta) and American mink (Neovison vison) in Chile and Argentina, the privet (Ligustrum lucidum) in Argentina, the yellow-jacket wasp (Vespula germanica) in Chile, and grasses (Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa decumbens) in Brazil. INNS plants caused a greater number of impacts than INNS animals, although more socio-economic impacts were listed for INNS animals than for plants. These impacts were ranked according to their magnitude and level of confidence on the information used for the ranking to prioritise impacts and assign them one of four high-level actions-do nothing, monitor, research, and immediate active management. We showed that it is possible to formulate management priorities, targets, and high-level actions for a variety of INNS and with variable levels of available information. This is vital in a world where the problems caused by INNS continue to increase, and there is a parallel growth in the implementation of management plans to deal with them.

Occupational Health in Chilean Copper Mine Workers: A Scoping Review of Literature (2008-2019) / Salud ocupacional en trabajadores mineros del cobre en Chile: una revisión exploratoria de literatura (2008-2019)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The present article presents the results of a literature review on the health of mine workers on the Chilean copper market. Objective: To depict the evidence produced regarding the diseases that affect the health of Chilean mine workers. Method: A scoping review, indexed on scientific journals and other sources, for the 20082019 period, centered on the analysis of 20 documents that reported empirical results. Results: The main physical conditions of copper mine workers were found to be problems related to high-altitude work, the inhalation of silica dust, and noise exposure; eating and musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, accidents, and low back pain. Regarding mental health conditions, the following were highlighted: psychological demands, the impact on the sleep quality due to shift work, fatigue, anxiety, depression, violence on subcontractors, and worsening of life standards after relocation, due to silicosis. Discussion: Working in copper mine impacts the global health of workers, increasing the exposure to health conditions that increases the sense of suffering and worsens their quality of life.

RESUMEN Introducción: El presente artículo expone los resultados de una revisión de literatura sobre la salud en trabajadores de la minería del cobre en Chile. Objetivo: Describir las evidencias producidas sobre las afecciones a la salud vinculadas al trabajo en la minería del cobre chileno. Método: Scoping review de literatura indizada en revistas científicas y otras fuentes entre los años 2008 y 2019, centrada en el análisis de 20 documentos que reportaron resultados empíricos. Resultados: Se halló que las principales evidencias en materia de afecciones en la salud física de los trabajadores de la minería del cobre fueron: problemas relacionados con el trabajo a gran altura, la aspiración de polvo de sílice y la exposición al ruido; las alteraciones en la alimentación, los trastornos musculoesqueléticos, problemas cardiovasculares y respiratorios, los accidentes, alteraciones de alimentación y dolores lumbares. En cuanto a los hallazgos de afecciones en la salud mental destacaron: alta demanda psicológica, incidencia de los turnos de trabajo en calidad de sueño, fatiga, ansiedad, depresión y violencia en subcontratados, empeoramiento de la calidad de vida tras la reubicación por silicosis. Discusión: El trabajo en la minería del cobre impacta la salud global de los trabajadores, aumentando la exposición a afecciones que aumentan su sensación de sufrimiento y empeoran su calidad de vida.

Mental health in mine workers: a literature review.

The mining environment is hazardous for worker's health. It can affect the mental health, triggering symptoms and diseases, such as anxiety, job stress, depression, sleep disorders, mental fatigue and other. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the scientific literature about the mental health in mine workers and to summarize the findings. The method used was scoping review. The principal outcomes were the following: evidence in the last 12 years in the topic was focused in four themes 1) Psychological problems & personal factors (38.2%); 2) Psychosocial problems & health related factor (23.6%); 3) Well-being (21.1%) and 4) Physical problems & organization factors (17.1%). Several affections, symptoms, characteristics or disorders were inquired about mine worker's mental health, such as job strain, unsafety experiences, poor quality of sleep, non-subjective well-being, job unsatisfaction, social-relations conflict, risk of accidents and injuries, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), substance abuse, dangerous working conditions and demanding job organization, and so on. For those factors, Mining could expose to serious mental health problems to a part of their workers. It's necessary to deepen the elaboration of international policies and carry out more scientific research and suggestions to make programs on the topic.

Self-Transcendent Emotions and Their Social Effects: Awe, Elevation and Kama Muta Promote a Human Identification and Motivations to Help Others.

Abundant literature shows the effects of negative emotions on motivations to engage in collective action (i.e., to collectively mobilize personal resources to achieve a common objective), as well as their influence on the creation of shared identities. In this proposal, we focus on the possible role of Self-Transcendent Emotions (STEs) defined as positive-valence emotions that have been key in the creation and maintenance of collective identities, as well as in promoting individuals well-being. In detail, we examine their influence in (a) strengthening a global identification, (b) increasing willingness to collectively help others, and (c) improving people's wellbeing. For this reason, we conducted a preliminary literature review of k = 65 independent studies on the effects of STEs on connection to others. Through this review (fully available in Supplementary Materials), we selected a sample of STEs (Awe, Elevation, and Kama Muta) and elicitors to conduct a video-base study. In it, 1,064 university students from 3 different cultural regions (from Spain and Ecuador) were randomized to answer one of three STE scales (i.e., each measuring one of the selected STEs), and evaluate three videos in random order (i.e., each prototypical for the selected STEs). Participants also answered a measure of global identification and intentions to collectively help others (after each video), as well as self-transcendent and well-being (at the end of the survey). Results from SEM analyses show these STEs motivated a fusion of identity with all humanity, as well as collective intentions to help others, even controlling for individuals' value orientations. In addition, the three of them indirectly increased participants' well-being through a higher global identity. While there are differences among them, these three STEs share common elements and their effects are constant across the different cultural regions. It is concluded that Awe, Elevation, and Kama Muta, even individually experienced, have a significant potential to influence people's behavior. Specifically, in various forms of collective action aimed at helping others.

Cuerpo y silencio en el acoso moral en el trabajo: una reflexión desde la clínica del trabajo / Corpo e silêncio no assédio moral no trabalho: uma reflexão a partir da clínica de trabalho / Body and silence in the moral harassment at workplace: a reflection from the work clinic

ABSTRACT: The following essay reflects from the work clinic proposed by Dejours on the suffering for moral harassment at work that is felt in the body and that leads the victims to suffer different psychosomatic ailments. Being a stigmatizing violence, moral harassment at workplace obstructs the sublimatory potential of work, which negatively affects the subjectivity, pleasure and mental health of workers. This damage is analyzed in this essay on three cases of Chilean workers who experienced harassment in the performance of their work tasks in psychosocial programs of SENAME (National Service of Minors).

Resumen: El siguiente ensayo reflexiona desde la clínica del trabajo propuesta por Dejours sobre el sufrimiento por acoso moral en el trabajo que se siente en el cuerpo y que lleva a las víctimas a padecer diversas dolencias psicosomáticas. Al ser una violencia estigmatizante, el acoso moral en el trabajo obstruye las potencialidades sublimatorias del trabajo, lo que incide negativamente en la subjetividad, el goce y salud mental de los trabajadores. Aquel perjuicio se analiza en este ensayo mediante tres casos de trabajadoras chilenas que experimentaron acoso en el desempeño de sus labores en programas psicosociales del SENAME (Servicio Nacional de Menores).

Resumo: O ensaio a seguir discorre a partir da clínica do trabalho proposta por Dejours acerca do sofrimento do assédio moral no trabalho que se sente no corpo e que leva as vítimas a sofrerem diversas doenças psicossomáticas. Por ser uma violência estigmatizante, o assédio moral no trabalho obstrui as potencialidades sublimatórias do trabalho, o que afeta negativamente a subjetividade, o gozo e a saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Este dano é analisado neste ensaio mediante três casos de trabalhadoras chilenas que experimentaram assédio no desempenho de seus trabalhos em programas psicossociais do Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME).

Suptavumab for the Prevention of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of childhood medically attended respiratory infection (MARI). METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in 1154 preterm infants of 1 or 2 doses of suptavumab, a human monoclonal antibody that can bind and block a conserved epitope on RSV A and B subtypes, for the prevention of RSV MARI. The primary endpoint was proportion of subjects with RSV-confirmed hospitalizations or outpatient lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between primary endpoint rates (8.1%, placebo; 7.7%, 1-dose; 9.3%, 2-dose). Suptavumab prevented RSV A infections (relative risks, .38; 95% confidence interval [CI], .14-1.05 in the 1-dose group and .39 [95% CI, .14-1.07] in the 2-dose group; nominal significance of combined suptavumab group vs placebo; P = .0499), while increasing the rate of RSV B infections (relative risk 1.36 [95% CI, .73-2.56] in the 1-dose group and 1.69 [95% CI, .92-3.08] in the 2-dose group; nominal significance of combined suptavumab group vs placebo; P = .12). Sequenced RSV isolates demonstrated no suptavumab epitope changes in RSV A isolates, while all RSV B isolates had 2-amino acid substitution in the suptavumab epitope that led to loss of neutralization activity. Treatment emergent adverse events were balanced across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Suptavumab did not reduce overall RSV hospitalizations or outpatient LRTI because of a newly circulating mutant strain of RSV B. Genetic variation in circulating RSV strains will continue to challenge prevention efforts. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02325791.

Collective Effervescence, Self-Transcendence, and Gender Differences in Social Well-Being During 8 March Demonstrations.

8 March (8M), now known as International Women's Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms (i.e., behavioral and attentional synchrony, perceived emotional synchrony, and positive and transcendent emotions) involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal well-being (i.e., affective well-being and beliefs of personal growth) and collective well-being (i.e., social integration variables: situated identity, solidarity and fusion), collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women's rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people (age 18-79; M = 30.55; SD = 11.66) from countries in Latin America (Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador) and Europe (Spain and Portugal), with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants (n = 1,271; 94.0% female) and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks (n = 1,583; 75.87% female). Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals.

Perceived Emotional Synchrony in Collective Gatherings: Validation of a Short Scale and Proposition of an Integrative Measure.

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between participation in collective gatherings and rituals and different important psychosocial variables and processes, such as social sharing of emotions, group cohesion, identity fusion, prosocial tendencies and behaviors, and well-being (e.g., Rimé, 2009; Xygalatas et al., 2013; Khan et al., 2015; Páez et al., 2015). These studies, coming from different lines of research, have proposed diverse explanatory mechanisms to explain the positive social and psychological effects of collective gatherings. In the present article, we focus on one of these mechanisms, known as collective effervescence, emotional communion, emotional entrainment, or perceived emotional synchrony (PES). First, we briefly discuss current conceptions of the emotional states and experience during collective gatherings and what they bring to the definition of PES. We close this point by proposing an integrative definition of PES. Second, structural validity of the original PES scale is examined. Third, incremental validity of PES is examined in two longitudinal studies, particularly with respect to well-being. Finally, we propose an integrative short form of the PES Scale, which measures antecedents and behavioral effects of collective effervescence.

Betametasona fosfato para la prevención de Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria (SDR) del recién nacido de pretérmino / Betamethasone phosphate for the prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in the preterm newborn

RESUMEN Introducción: El estándar para inducción de madurez pulmonar en fetos con riesgo de nacer prematuramente es la administración de 12 mg de betametasona acetato/fosfato por dos veces espaciada cada 24 horas. El uso establecido en algunos hospitales públicos en Chile es con dos dosis de 12 mg betametasona fosfato aunque no existen estudios publicados sólo con betametasona fosfato sobre la incidencia de Síndrome de Distress Respiratorio (SDR). Objetivo: Evaluar efecto de betametasona en su forma fosfato como tratamiento antenatal para inducción de madurez fetal pulmonar en la incidencia SDR debido a membrana hialina en prematuros menores de 34 semanas de edad gestacional. Comparar el efecto de betametasona fosfato con el efecto publicado de betametasona acetato/fosfato. Material y método: Análisis de incidencia de SDR en prematuros nacidos en Hospital Padre Hurtado entre 24+0 y 34+0 semanas que recibieron betametasona fosfato para madurez pulmonar y aquellos que no la recibieron. Resultados: De 1.265 neonatos estudiados, 722 completaron dos dosis (57,5%); 436 sólo una dosis (34,5%) y 107 (8,5%) no recibieron corticoides antenatales. La incidencia de SDR debido a membrana hialina en el grupo con dos dosis fue 8,7%, una dosis 25,3% y 32,7% en los no tratados (p<0,001). Para SDR severo las incidencias fueron 6,7%, 12,6% y 16,8% respectivamente (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Inducción de madurez fetal pulmonar con betametasona fosfato en dos dosis de 12 mg IM separadas por 24 horas otorga una reducción significativa de incidencia de SDR semejante a la publicada con betametasona acetato/fosfato en iguales dosis.

ABSTRACT The standard for induction of lung maturity in fetuses at risk of being born prematurely is the administration of 12 mg of betamethasone acetate/phosphate two doses separated by 24 hours. The established use in some public hospitals in Chile is with two doses of 12 mg betamethasone phosphate although there are no studies published with betamethasone phosphate alone on the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Objective: To evaluate the effect of betamethasone in its phosphate form as antenatal treatment for the induction of fetal lung maturity in the incidence of RDS due to hyaline membrane in preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestational age. To compare the effect of betamethasone phosphate with the published effect of betamethasone acetate/phosphate. Material and method: Analysis of the incidence of RDS in preterm infants born at Hospital Padre Hurtado between 24 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks who received betamethasone phosphate for lung maturity and those who did not receive it. Results: Of 1,265 infants studied, 722 completed two doses (57.5%); 436 only one dose (34.5%) and 107 (8.5%) did not receive antenatal corticosteroids. The incidence of RDS due to hyaline membrane in the group with two doses was 8.7%, one dose 25.3% and 32.7% in the untreated ones (p <0.001). For severe RDS, incidences were 6.7%, 12.6% and 16.8% respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: Induction of fetal lung maturity with betamethasone phosphate in two doses of 12 mg IM separated by 24 hours gives a significant reduction in the incidence of RDS similar to that published with betamethasone acetate/phosphate in equal doses.

Kama muta: Conceptualizing and measuring the experience often labelled being moved across 19 nations and 15 languages.

English-speakers sometimes say that they feel "moved to tears," "emotionally touched," "stirred," or that something "warmed their heart;" other languages use similar passive contact metaphors to refer to an affective state. The authors propose and measure the concept of kama muta to understand experiences often given these and other labels. Do the same experiences evoke the same kama muta emotion across nations and languages? They conducted studies in 19 different countries, 5 continents, 15 languages, with a total of 3,542 participants. They tested the construct while validating a comprehensive scale to measure the appraisals, valence, bodily sensations, motivation, and lexical labels posited to characterize kama muta. The results are congruent with theory and previous findings showing that kama muta is a distinct positive social relational emotion that is evoked by experiencing or observing a sudden intensification of communal sharing. It is commonly accompanied by a warm feeling in the chest, moist eyes or tears, chills or piloerection, feeling choked up or having a lump in the throat, buoyancy, and exhilaration. It motivates affective devotion and moral commitment to communal sharing. Although the authors observed some variations across cultures, these 5 facets of kama muta are highly correlated in every sample, supporting the validity of the construct and the measure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Influencia de factores familiares en la evolución del Trastorno de Déficit atencional con Hiperactividad: a propósito de una serie de casos / Influence of family factors on the evolution of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: about a series of cases

El Trastorno por Déficit Atencional con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una patología prevalente durante la infancia. En los escolares, los factores familiares continúan siendo predictores significativos de su persistencia. Por ende, comprender el rol de los factores y las dinámicas familiares de los niños con TDAH es primordial. Objetivo: Revisar la influencia de las dinámicas familiares y los estilos de crianza en la evolución del cuadro, a partir de la presentación de 3 casos clínicos. Discusión: Los casos clínicos presentados permiten reconocer diferencias en la evolución del cuadro, las cuales se presentaron en el contexto de diferentes intervenciones en el estilo de crianza las cuales pudieron ser implementadas en mayor o menor medida de acuerdo a la predisposición familiar. Se revisan los aspectos relacionales de las familias con niños con TDAH y la influencia de las dinámicas familiares y estilos de crianza en la evolución de estos niños. Palabras clave: Trastorno de déficit atencional con hiperactividad, familia, relaciones familiares, crianza, terapia familiar.

Summary. Introduction: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent pathology during childhood. In schoolchildren, family factors are significant predictors of its persistence. Therefore, understanding the role of these factors and the family dynamics of children with ADHD is paramount. Objective: To review the influence of family dynamics and parenting styles on the evolution of the condition, based on the presentation of 3 clinical cases. Discussion: The clinical cases presented allow us to recognize differences in the progression of this disorder, considering the context of different interventions in parenting styles which could be implemented in a greater or lesser extent according to family predisposition. The relational aspects of families with children with ADHD and the influence of family dynamics and parenting styles on the evolution of these children are reviewed. Key words: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, family, family relations, parenting, family therapy.

Four-year antibody persistence and response to a booster dose of a pentavalent MenABCWY vaccine administered to healthy adolescents and young adults.

This open-label, multicenter extension study (NCT02451514) assessed persistence of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups ABCWY antibodies 4 years after primary vaccination. Adolescents and young adults who previously received 2 doses of MenABCWY+OMV (Group III), 1 dose of MenACWY-CRM (Group VI), or newly-recruited vaccine-naïve participants (Group VII) were administered 1 (Group III) or 2 doses (Groups VI and VII) of MenABCWY+OMV, 1 month apart. Immunogenicity was assessed by human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA). Safety and reactogenicity were also evaluated. Percentages of participants with hSBA titers ≥8 (serogroups ACWY), ≥5 (serogroup B) and hSBA geometric mean titers (GMTs) were evaluated in all 129 enrolled participants (Group III: 33; Group VI: 46; Group VII: 50). Anti-ACWY antibody concentrations waned over 4 years post-vaccination, but remained above pre-vaccination concentrations. Similarly, levels of antibodies against serogroup B test strains also waned over 4 years post-vaccination, but remained above pre-vaccination concentrations for some strains. MenABCWY+OMV booster induced a robust anamnestic anti-ACWY response in Group III and VI and a good response against serogroup B test strains (≥82%) in Group III. In serogroup B-naïve participants (Groups VI and VII), anti-B responses to 2 doses of MenABCWY+OMV were less homogenous and lower than in Group III. MenABCWY+OMV was reactogenic, but well-tolerated. No safety concerns were identified. These findings indicate that although antibodies against N. meningitidis serogroups ABCWY waned over 4 years post-vaccination, exposure to a MenABCWY+OMV booster dose elicits an anamnestic response in adolescents previously exposed to the same or another multivalent meningococcal vaccine.

Afrontamiento del estrés por aculturación: inmigrantes latinos en Chile / Coping with Acculturation Stress: Latino Immigrants in Chile

Resumen Las minorías migrantes afrontan el estrés aculturativo con respuestas conductuales y cognitivas. Las fuentes de estrés por aculturación incluyen la discriminación, las diferencias socioculturales, la añoranza del origen y la ruptura familiar. Se entrevistaron 853 inmigrantes peruanos y colombianos en Chile (51 % mujeres y edad M = 33.19; DE = 9.54). Se aplicaron escalas de estrés por aculturación y formas de afrontamiento. La distancia y añoranza familiar fue la principal fuente de estrés siendo mayor entre los colombianos, quienes usan más la movilidad individual, la distracción y las comparaciones sociales, mientras los peruanos internalizan más el estigma del inmigrante. Las comparaciones intergrupales y temporales se relacionaron con menor estrés de aculturación. Se discute la importancia de las formas de afrontar el estrés en minorías migrantes.

Abstract Acculturative stress includes discrimination, socio-cultural differences, nostalgia for the place of origin and family separation, and immigrant minorities face it with behavioral and cognitive responses. 853 Peruvians and Colombians living in Chile were interviewed (51% woman, age M = 33.19, SD = 9.54) using acculturative stress and coping scales. Distance from home and family separation were the main source of stress among Colombians, who used more individual mobility, distraction and social comparisons as coping strategies, while Peruvians internalized more the immigrant stigma. Inter-group and temporary comparisons were more related to less acculturative stress. Stress coping strategies among immigrant minorities are discussed. Keyword: immigration; ethnicity; acculturative stress; coping Introducción

Experimental Ritual: Humanizing Immigrants or Utilitarian Prejudice in Europe? / Ritual experimental: ¿Humanizando a los inmigrantes o prejuicio utilitario en Europa?

Abstract Immigrants and refugees are constantly depicted in dehumanizing ways or as a function of economic gains for the hosting nation. These descriptions, added to the current socio-political European situation, could be dangerous due to infrahumanization levels among minorities who are target of prejudice. In this study, we attempted to reduce infrahumanization levels towards Maghrebian people through a ritualistic collective activity, manipulating the information participants had to use. Results indicate that participation was different among conditions and infrahumanization levels were reduced. Also, participants who used utilitarian information could humanize when an economic gain was perceived, while also increasing prejudice levels. The results are discussed in terms of collective rituals and the dualistic effect of utilitarian information.

Resumen A menudo los inmigrantes y refugiados son representados a través de formas deshumanizantes o como una ganancia económica para los países receptores. Este hecho, sumado a la situación sociopolítica europea actual, puede aumentar los niveles de infrahumanización que sufren las minorías objeto de prejuicio. En este estudio, se propuso reducir la infrahumanización hacia la población magrebí a través de una actividad ritualizada, manipulando la información que los participantes utilizaban. Los resultados indicaron que la participación fue diferente según las condiciones y que se redujo la infrahumanización. Además, los participantes que utilizaron información utilitarista humanizaban cuando percibían una ganancia económica, mientras que también aumentaban sus niveles de prejuicio. Los resultados se discuten en términos de rituales colectivos y efectos duales de la información utilitarista.

Temporospatial angiogenesis-associated gene expression profiles in rat ischemic skin flaps.

OBJECTIVES: Emerging therapies designed to improve soft tissue flap survival include the use of angiogenic factors. However, endogenous expression patterns for these factors have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify spatial and temporal variations in expression patterns of angiogenesis-associated genes in ischemic rat skin flaps. STUDY DESIGN: This is an observational animal study characterizing spatial and temporal angiogenesis associated gene expression patterns in rat ischemic skin flaps. METHODS: Dorsal skin flaps were created on 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The flap tissue was harvested and sectioned at 1, 3, or 7 days postsurgery. Total RNA was isolated, amplified, labeled with biotin, and hybridized to microarrays containing probes for 113 angiogenesis-associated genes. Microarray analysis revealed unique spatial and temporal patterns with statistically significant gene modulation over the length of the flap (P<.05). RESULTS: The molecular analysis performed in this study correlates with the hemodynamic profile previously published. Expression patterns associated with blood flow were markedly different from patterns associated with stasis and avascularity. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize endogenous spatial and temporal angiogenesis-associated gene expression in rat ischemic skin flaps. Further characterization of expression patterns may allow clinicians to differentiate ischemic tissue that may be rescued via pharmacological or surgical intervention from tissue destined to succumb. Additionally, comparison of the expression profiles observed in this study with profiles generated from pharmacologically treated rats may suggest mechanisms for enhanced healing.