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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 51(1)feb. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550802

RESUMO

La literatura ha hecho hincapié en la centralidad que cumplen los entornos alimentarios en las elecciones alimentarias y en el estado nutricional de la población. Objetivo: identificar las percepciones de padres, madres y apoderados, profesionales de establecimientos educacionales, funcionarios municipales, y feriantes pertenecientes a la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, respecto a las barreras y limitaciones de la puesta en práctica de una alimentación saludable en el ambiente alimentario escolar. Método: se realizaron seis grupos focales agrupando a 50 actores claves vinculados a los establecimientos educacionales de Ciudad Sur utilizando una muestra no probabilística. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido mediante la técnica de codificación temática buscando relevar los universos semánticos emergentes. Resultados: se identificaron nueve barreras, o semánticas, que caracterizan limitantes a la realización de la alimentación saludable en los entornos escolares desde la perspectiva de los participantes: la familia, kioscos escolares, la salida de los establecimientos escolares, gusto, determinantes socioeconómicos, política pública, falta de conocimiento, publicidad y disponibilidad de productos sin sellos. Conclusiones: las limitaciones asociadas al ambiente alimentario doméstico tienen una representación significativamente alta (47,9%) y contienen un carácter de responsabilización individual en su enunciación. Esta cultura explicativa es opuesta a la evidencia científica y académica respecto al funcionamiento de la conducta alimentaria, y a la centralidad de los ambientes alimentarios respecto a la facilitación u obstaculización del consumo de alimentos saludables o adecuados.


Literature has emphasized on food environments centrality in food choices and nutritional status. Objective: identify social perceptions of fathers, mothers and guardians, professionals from educational establishments, municipal officials, and stallholders belonging to the southern area of Santiago de Chile, regarding limitations of healthy diet implementation on school environments. Method: six focus groups were carried out grouping 50 key actors linked to educational establishments using a non-probabilistic sample. A content analysis was applied through thematic coding technique seeking to reveal emerging semantic universes. Results: Nine barriers, or semantics, were identified characterizing limitations to healthy eating habits in school environments: family, school kiosks, leaving school establishments, taste, socioeconomic determinants, public policy, lack of knowledge, publicity, and availability of products without seals. Conclusions: limitations associated with domestic food environment have a significantly high representation (47,9%) and contain an individualized responsibility feature. This explanatory culture is opposed to scientific and academic evidence regarding the functioning of eating behavior, and the centrality of food environments facilitating or hindering healthy food consumption.

2.
Nutrients ; 12(8)2020 Aug 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32784370

RESUMO

Chile has implemented several strategies to decrease the burden of obesity and chronic diseases. The Food Labeling and Advertising Law (Law 20.606) requires a front-of-package "high in" warning label when energy and nutrients of concern (ENC) (total sugar, saturated fats, sodium) exceed established limits. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Law 20.606 on the ENC declaration of packaged foods in Chile, before and after the law implementation. We analyzed food nutritional labeling declarations from 70% of the most consumed packaged foods in Chile. Data collection was conducted in 2013 and 2019 in Santiago. Pictures from all sides of the package were taken from 476 products, classified into 16 food groups. All food groups had changes in the ENC declaration during the study period. Total sugar content showed the highest reduction (-15.0%; p = 0.001). Dairy, confitures and similar and sugary beverages had the greatest reduction in energy and total sugar content (p < 0.01). Energy, total sugar and sodium front of package "high in" simulation was significantly reduced in dairy, sugary beverages, flour-based foods, confitures and similar, fish and seafoods, fats and oils, spices, condiments and sauces and sugars (p < 0.05). We observed that companies reformulated products to adapt to the new regulation.


Assuntos
Publicidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Análise de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Rotulagem de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Nutrientes/análise , Política Nutricional/legislação & jurisprudência , Chile , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Açúcares da Dieta/análise , Embalagem de Alimentos , Implementação de Plano de Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Valor Nutritivo , Sódio na Dieta/análise
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(3): 1116-1121, sept. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142475

RESUMO

Introducción: estudios consistentes durante los últimos años han caracterizado la relación entre la desnutrición calórico-proteica (DCP) y el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles en la adultez, como el Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Objetivo: analizar la relación entre SM en la adultez y la DCP durante los primeros 1.000 días de vida en una cohorte de adultos recientemente generada en Curicó, Chile. Material y métodos: se analizaron 49 sujetos adultos jóvenes que durante sus primeros dos años de vida sufrieron desnutrición calórico-proteica moderada a severa mediante la realización de antropometría, medición de la presión arterial y exámenes de laboratorio. Se determinó la prevalencia del SM y la carga de sus atributos. Resultados: se obtuvo una prevalencia de SM del 14,3% sin diferencias significativas por género, con una asociación directa y notable entre la carga de SM, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura/talla, presión arterial y niveles plasmáticos de glicemia y triglicé- ridos (TG), y una asociación inversa con colesterol HDL. Conclusión: la presión arterial sistólica y el valor plasmático de TG representaron los factores de riesgo más importantes del SM en esta cohorte. No se encontró asociación entre la DCP en los 1.000 primeros días de vida y el SM en la adultez (AU)


Background: during recent years consistent studies have characterized the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition and the appearance of non-communicable diseases in adulthood like metabolic syndrome (MS). Aim: to analyze the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition during the first 1 000 days of life and the MS in a cohort of adults from Curicó, Chile. Material and methods: we studied 49 young adults who had suffered moderate to severe protein-calorie malnutrition during their first two years of life. Anthropometry, blood pressure measurement and laboratory tests were performed, and the burden of MS attributes was determined. Results: the prevalence of MS was 14.3% with no significant differences by gender, showing a direct and significant association between burden of MS and body mass index, waist / height index, blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose and triglyceride, and an inverse association with HDL. Conclusion: systolic blood pressure and plasma level of triglyceride represented the most important risk factors for SM in this cohort. We found no association between the presence of protein-calorie malnutrition and MS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Adulto Jovem , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/complicações , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(3): 1116-21, 2015 Sep 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26319828

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: during recent years consistent studies have characterized the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition and the appearance of non-communicable diseases in adulthood like metabolic syndrome (MS). AIM: to analyze the relationship between moderate and severe protein-calorie malnutrition during the first 1 000 days of life and the MS in a cohort of adults from Curicó, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we studied 49 young adults who had suffered moderate to severe protein-calorie malnutrition during their first two years of life. Anthropometry, blood pressure measurement and laboratory tests were performed, and the burden of MS attributes was determined. RESULTS: the prevalence of MS was 14.3% with no significant differences by gender, showing a direct and significant association between burden of MS and body mass index, waist / height index, blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose and triglyceride, and an inverse association with HDL. CONCLUSION: systolic blood pressure and plasma level of triglyceride represented the most important risk factors for SM in this cohort. We found no association between the presence of protein-calorie malnutrition and MS.


Introducción: estudios consistentes durante los últimos años han caracterizado la relación entre la desnutrición calórico-proteica (DCP) y el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles en la adultez, como el Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Objetivo: analizar la relación entre SM en la adultez y la DCP durante los primeros 1.000 días de vida en una cohorte de adultos recientemente generada en Curicó, Chile. Material y métodos: se analizaron 49 sujetos adultos jóvenes que durante sus primeros dos años de vida sufrieron desnutrición calórico-proteica moderada a severa mediante la realización de antropometría, medición de la presión arterial y exámenes de laboratorio. Se determinó la prevalencia del SM y la carga de sus atributos. Resultados: se obtuvo una prevalencia de SM del 14,3% sin diferencias significativas por género, con una asociación directa y notable entre la carga de SM, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el índice cintura/talla, presión arterial y niveles plasmáticos de glicemia y triglicéridos (TG), y una asociación inversa con colesterol HDL. Conclusión: la presión arterial sistólica y el valor plasmático de TG representaron los factores de riesgo más importantes del SM en esta cohorte. No se encontró asociación entre la DCP en los 1.000 primeros días de vida y el SM en la adultez.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/complicações , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
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