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Stress exposure during the sensitive period of early development has been shown to program the brain and increases the risk to develop cognitive deficits later in life. We have shown earlier that early-life stress (ES) leads to cognitive decline at an adult age, associated with changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. In particular, ES has been shown to affect neurogenesis rate and the survival of newborn cells later in life as well as microglia, modulating their response to immune or metabolic challenges later in life. Both of these processes possibly contribute to the ES-induced cognitive deficits. Emerging evidence by us and others indicates that early nutritional interventions can protect against these ES-induced effects through nutritional programming. Based on human metabolomics studies, we identified various coffee-related metabolites to be part of a protective molecular signature against cognitive decline in humans. Caffeic and chlorogenic acids are coffee-polyphenols and have been described to have potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore, we here aimed to test whether supplementing caffeic and chlorogenic acids to the early diet could also protect against ES-induced cognitive deficits. We induced ES via the limited nesting and bedding paradigm in mice from postnatal(P) day 2-9. On P2, mice received a diet to which 0.02% chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) + 0.02% caffeic acid (3',4'-dihydroxycinnamic acid) were added, or a control diet up until P42. At 4 months of age, all mice were subjected to a behavioral test battery and their brains were stained for markers for microglia and neurogenesis. We found that coffee polyphenols supplemented early in life protected against ES-induced cognitive deficits, potentially this is mediated by the survival of neurons or microglia, but possibly other mechanisms not studied here are mediating the effects. This study provides additional support for the potential of early nutritional interventions and highlights polyphenols as nutrients that can protect against cognitive decline, in particular for vulnerable populations exposed to ES.
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BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disease characterized by the appearance of multiple tumours in the nervous system. Cutaneous lesions are common and may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information, but they have not been widely studied. OBJECTIVES: To characterize cutaneous lesions in a Spanish cohort of patients with NF2 and investigate associations with clinical and genetic severity. METHODS: We studied the clinical and histologic characteristics of cutaneous lesions in 49 patients with NF2 and analysed correlations with phenotype- and genotype-based severity scores. We collected information on the presence/absence of cutaneous lesions, location, age at onset, type of lesion, and histologic features. We also studied level of systemic involvement and genetic mutations involved. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (31 women [63.3%] and 18 men [36.7%]) were analysed, and 33 (67.3%) had cutaneous lesions presumed to be schwannomas. According to their clinical form, they were distributed as follows: 24 patients (48%) had deep tumours, 21 (42%) had plaque-like lesions, and 3 (6%) had superficial tumours. Histologic examination from 27 lesions analysed out 23 patients showed classic schwannoma or hybrid schwannoma-neurofibroma features in the 8 deep tumours biopsied and plexiform schwannoma features in the 17 plaque-like lesions and the 2 superficial tumours analysed. Early onset (first 2 decades of life) was reported by all patients with plaques and superficial tumours. In our cohort, 100% of the patients with plaque-like lesions and superficial tumours with microscopic features of plexiform schwannoma were in the 2 groups with the most severe clinical phenotypes, and 82.6% of them were in the 3 most severe genotype-based classes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cutaneous lesions, specially plexiform schwannomas, are common in NF2, and they usually appear at an early age providing useful diagnostic and prognostic information. These tumours are part of the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in this disease. Although its diagnostic and prognostic value has been pointed out, there are few studies focussed on their analysis.
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Neurilemoma , Neurofibromatose 1 , Neurofibromatose 2 , Dermatopatias , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Feminino , Humanos , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico , Neurilemoma/genética , Neurilemoma/patologia , Neurofibromatose 1/complicações , Neurofibromatose 2/complicações , Neurofibromatose 2/diagnóstico , Neurofibromatose 2/genética , Prognóstico , Dermatopatias/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
This article analyzes the personal leadership resources utilized by a sample of school principals in Catalonia (Spain) during the confinement and post-confinement periods due to the COVID-19 crisis. A questionnaire was designed, validated, and provided to the principals from Primary Education schools to carry out the study. The questionnaire analyzed personal leadership resources used by the principals during the confinement and post-confinement periods, compared to a former ¨normal situation¨. The data analysis results confirmed that the role of the principals was crucial in redirecting the situation and completing the academic course satisfactorily. The principals scored their leadership resources remarkably high in the former normality and maintained proactivity at a similar level during the crisis. However, other resources scored lower during the same period. As a direct result, there was a high degree of adaptation to this situation from the principals. The results indicate that principals do not lead in the same manner in times of crisis as in normal times. Age, experience, and type of school influence the results only in former normal situations but not in times of crisis.
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BACKGROUND: There is little evidence that smoking is associated with metastasis in patients with cutaneous melanoma. OBJECTIVE: Using a propensity score matching analysis, we assessed whether smoking was associated with a higher rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis and worse survival in these patients. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study at a referral hospital for melanoma. We studied 762 patients with known smoking status from the melanoma database of the Instituto Valenciano de Oncología who underwent SLN biopsy between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016. The patients were matched by smoking status. The matching procedure was implemented using three logistic regression models featuring never vs. former smokers, never vs. current smokers and former vs. current smokers. The study outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS), melanoma-specific survival (MSS), overall survival (OS) and SLN status. RESULTS: The following groups were formed based on the propensity matching scores: 114 pairs of smokers vs. never smokers, 113 pairs of smokers vs. former smokers and 174 pairs of never smokers vs. former smokers. Smoking status was not associated with SLN metastasis or with DFS, MSS or OS in any of the three groups. CONCLUSION: Smoking does not influence SLN metastasis or survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Melanoma/patologia , Metástase Neoplásica , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Fumar , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Protein S deficiency is rare in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is generally associated with the presence of antiphospholipid (APL) antibodies. Lack of protein S can cause skin necrosis, but when it does it is generally in response to warfarin exposure. In this article, we describe the case of a patient who had not received warfarin and without APL antibodies who developed extensive skin necrosis due to protein S deficiency. It is important to investigate protein S deficiency in patients with lupus and extensive skin ulcers as it is a sign of arterial thrombosis and venous thromboembolism.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Deficiência de Proteína S/diagnóstico , Pele/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Necrose/patologia , Trombose/patologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To characterize the urinary metabolomic fingerprint and multi-metabolite signature associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to classify the population into metabotypes related to T2D. METHODS: A metabolomics analysis using the 1H-NMR-based, non-targeted metabolomic approach was conducted to determine the urinary metabolomic fingerprint of T2D compared with non-T2D participants in the PREDIMED trial. The discriminant metabolite fingerprint was subjected to logistic regression analysis and ROC analyses to establish and to assess the multi-metabolite signature of T2D prevalence, respectively. Metabotypes associated with T2D were identified using the k-means algorithm. RESULTS: A total of 33 metabolites were significantly different (P<0.05) between T2D and non-T2D participants. The multi-metabolite signature of T2D comprised high levels of methylsuccinate, alanine, dimethylglycine and guanidoacetate, and reduced levels of glutamine, methylguanidine, 3-hydroxymandelate and hippurate, and had a 96.4% AUC, which was higher than the metabolites on their own and glucose. Amino-acid and carbohydrate metabolism were the main metabolic alterations in T2D, and various metabotypes were identified in the studied population. Among T2D participants, those with a metabotype of higher levels of phenylalanine, phenylacetylglutamine, p-cresol and acetoacetate had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose. CONCLUSION: The multi-metabolite signature of T2D highlights the altered metabolic fingerprint associated mainly with amino-acid, carbohydrate and microbiota metabolism. Metabotypes identified in this patient population could be related to higher risk of long-term cardiovascular events and therefore require further studies. Metabolomics is a useful tool for elucidating the metabolic complexity and interindividual variation in T2D towards the development of stratified precision nutrition and medicine. Trial registration at www.controlled-trials.com: ISRCTN35739639.
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Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/classificação , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Metaboloma/fisiologia , Metabolômica/métodos , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Dieta Mediterrânea , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Urinálise/métodosRESUMO
The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Manzaneque, which was incorrectly given as J Carlos Rodríguez-Manzaneque. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged (MLLr) infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (iMLLr-B-ALL) has a dismal prognosis and is associated with a pro-B/mixed phenotype, therapy refractoriness and frequent central nervous system (CNS) disease/relapse. Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) is specifically expressed in MLLr leukemias and is used in leukemia immunophenotyping because of its predictive value for MLLr acute leukemias. NG2 is involved in melanoma metastasis and brain development; however, its role in MLL-mediated leukemogenesis remains elusive. Here we evaluated whether NG2 distinguishes leukemia-initiating/propagating cells (L-ICs) and/or CNS-infiltrating cells (CNS-ICs) in iMLLr-B-ALL. Clinical data from the Interfant cohort of iMLLr-B-ALL demonstrated that high NG2 expression associates with lower event-free survival, higher number of circulating blasts and more frequent CNS disease/relapse. Serial xenotransplantation of primary MLL-AF4+ leukemias indicated that NG2 is a malleable marker that does not enrich for L-IC or CNS-IC in iMLLr-B-All. However, NG2 expression was highly upregulated in blasts infiltrating extramedullar hematopoietic sites and CNS, and specific blockage of NG2 resulted in almost complete loss of engraftment. Indeed, gene expression profiling of primary blasts and primografts revealed a migratory signature of NG2+ blasts. This study provides new insights on the biology of NG2 in iMLLr-B-ALL and suggests NG2 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce the risk of CNS disease/relapse and to provide safer CNS-directed therapies for iMLLr-B-ALL.
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INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La ecografía ganglionar locorregional como parte de la estadificación previa a la biopsia del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en pacientes con melanoma no se incluye habitualmente en las guías de manejo. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluarla desde la perspectiva clínica y económica. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 384 pacientes con melanoma primario de estadios clínicos I-II, en el periodo 2004-2015, a los que se les realizó una ecografía ganglionar locorregional (±biopsia ecodirigida) previa a la BSGC. Se evaluó la fiabilidad de la técnica y se realizó un análisis de su coste efectividad. RESULTADOS: En 23 pacientes (6%) se pudo evitar la realización de la BSGC mediante la técnica. La ecografía mostró una sensibilidad del 46% y una especificidad del 76% para la detección de ganglios metastásicos clínicamente no palpables. Los falsos negativos fueron significativamente más frecuentes en pacientes mayores de 60 años y con tumores <2mm. El coste unitario del proceso de estadificación mediante BSGC con ecografía-biopsia ecodirigida generó un sobrecoste de 16,30 €. El análisis coste-efectividad identificó como estrategia dominante desde ese punto de vista el protocolo de estadificación con ecografía y BSGC, con una ratio coste-efectividad inferior a la de la alternativa consistente en BSGC (8.095,24 vs. 28.605,00 € CONCLUSIONES: La ecografía con biopsia ecodirigida como método diagnóstico de estadificación previo a la BSGC es una herramienta útil y coste-efectiva, que no sustituye a la BSGC, pero que permite en un porcentaje no desdeñable de casos evitar su realización
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Locoregional lymph node ultrasound is not typically included in guidelines as part of the staging process prior to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The objective of the present study was to make a clinical and economic analysis of lymph node ultrasound prior to SLNB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 384 patients with clinical stage I-II primary melanoma who underwent locorregional lymph node ultrasound (with or without ultrasound-guided biopsy) prior to SLNB between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the strategy. RESULTS: Use of locorregional lymph node ultrasound avoided SLNB in 23 patients (6%). Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 46% and specificity of 76% for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes that were not clinically palpable. False negatives were significantly more common in patients aged over 60 years and in tumors with a thickness of less than 2mm. The staging process using SLNB and ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy produced an increase of €16.30 in the unit price. Our cost-effectiveness analysis identified the staging protocol with ultrasound and SLNB as the dominant strategy, with a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than the alternative, consisting of SLNB alone (8,095.24 vs. € 28,605.00). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnostic staging of melanoma prior to SLNB is a useful and cost-effective tool. This procedure does not substitute SLNB, though it does allow to avoid SLNB in a not insignificant proportion of patients
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Humanos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Análise Custo-Benefício/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/métodosRESUMO
La neurofibromatosis tipo 2 es una enfermedad hereditaria, autosómica dominante, con penetrancia completa, que ocasiona la aparición de múltiples tumores en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, afectación ocular y lesiones cutáneas de distinta índole. La clínica de la neurofibromatosis tipo 2 es, en general, poco conocida, tanto por los dermatólogos como por el resto de los especialistas, lo que deriva, en algunos casos, en un retraso en el diagnóstico que favorece un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. En este artículo se expondrán las manifestaciones clínicas menos conocidas, haciendo especial hincapié en las lesiones dermatológicas propias de la enfermedad, las cuales en caso de presentarse y ser identificadas, pueden facilitar el diagnóstico de la misma (AU)
Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease with complete penetrance. It gives rise to multiple central and peripheral nervous system tumors, ocular alterations, and various types of skin lesion. In general, neither dermatologists nor other specialists have in-depth knowledge of the clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 2. In some cases, this can lead to delayed diagnosis, which can increase morbidity and mortality. We describe the less well known clinical manifestations of NF2, focusing particularly on skin lesions specific to this disease. Identification of these lesions, when present, can facilitate diagnosis (AU)
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Humanos , Neurofibromatose 2/complicações , Manchas Café com Leite/etiologia , Neurilemoma/patologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neuroma Acústico/patologia , Diagnóstico PrecoceRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Locoregional lymph node ultrasound is not typically included in guidelines as part of the staging process prior to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The objective of the present study was to make a clinical and economic analysis of lymph node ultrasound prior to SLNB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 384 patients with clinical stage I-II primary melanoma who underwent locorregional lymph node ultrasound (with or without ultrasound-guided biopsy) prior to SLNB between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the strategy. RESULTS: Use of locorregional lymph node ultrasound avoided SLNB in 23 patients (6%). Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 46% and specificity of 76% for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes that were not clinically palpable. False negatives were significantly more common in patients aged over 60 years and in tumors with a thickness of less than 2mm. The staging process using SLNB and ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy produced an increase of 16.30 in the unit price. Our cost-effectiveness analysis identified the staging protocol with ultrasound and SLNB as the dominant strategy, with a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than the alternative, consisting of SLNB alone (8,095.24 vs. 28,605.00). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound with ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnostic staging of melanoma prior to SLNB is a useful and cost-effective tool. This procedure does not substitute SLNB, though it does allow to avoid SLNB in a not insignificant proportion of patients.
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Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/secundário , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/economia , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfadenite/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/economia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/economia , Ultrassonografia/economia , Procedimentos DesnecessáriosRESUMO
Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease with complete penetrance. It gives rise to multiple central and peripheral nervous system tumors, ocular alterations, and various types of skin lesion. In general, neither dermatologists nor other specialists have in-depth knowledge of the clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 2. In some cases, this can lead to delayed diagnosis, which can increase morbidity and mortality. We describe the less well known clinical manifestations of NF2, focusing particularly on skin lesions specific to this disease. Identification of these lesions, when present, can facilitate diagnosis.
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Neurofibromatose 2/patologia , Pele/patologia , Manchas Café com Leite/etiologia , Catarata/genética , Criança , Diagnóstico Precoce , Genes da Neurofibromatose 2 , Humanos , Hiperpigmentação/genética , Hipertricose/genética , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Neurilemoma/genética , Neurilemoma/patologia , Neurofibromatose 2/diagnóstico , Neuroma Acústico/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroma Acústico/genética , Prognóstico , Dermatopatias/genética , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A few cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during anti-viral therapy against hepatitis C (HCV) have been reported. However, the information regarding the real impact of this phenomenon is scarce. AIM: To evaluate the risk of HBV reactivation during anti-viral therapy against HCV with an interferon-free regimen with direct-acting anti-virals (DAAs). METHODS: Observational and prospective study of 352 patients receiving DAAs therapy between September 2015 and May 2016. HBV-DNA and ALT levels were monitored at baseline, at week 4 of anti-viral therapy, at end of treatment and 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation in patients with HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive or HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) positive before starting anti-viral therapy. RESULTS: Ten (2.8%) and 64 (18%) patients were HBsAg and anti-HBc positive at baseline, respectively. Five (50%) of 10 HBsAg positive and one (1.6%) of 64 anti-HBc positive patients presented HBV virological reactivation (>1log increase in HBV-DNA levels). None of these patients presented clinical reactivation (increase in ALT levels). CONCLUSIONS: HBV virological reactivation is frequent in HBsAg+ patients receiving anti-viral therapy against HCV. However, HBV-DNA elevations were modest (<20 000 IU/mL) and without clinical impact (no ALT elevation).
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Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Vírus da Hepatite B/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Hepatite B/fisiologia , Hepatite B/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Ativação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite B/virologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
No disponible
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coriorretinite/diagnóstico , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Úlceras Orais/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologiaRESUMO
Purinergic signaling is involved in inflammation and cancer. Extracellular ATP accumulates in tumor interstitium, reaching hundreds micromolar concentrations, but its functional role on tumor vasculature and endothelium is unknown. Here we show that high ATP doses (>20 µM) strongly inhibit migration of endothelial cells from human breast carcinoma (BTEC), but not of normal human microvascular EC. Lower doses (1-10 µM result ineffective. The anti-migratory activity is associated with cytoskeleton remodeling and is significantly prevented by hypoxia. Pharmacological and molecular evidences suggest a major role for P2X7R and P2Y11R in ATP-mediated inhibition of TEC migration: selective activation of these purinergic receptors by BzATP mimics the anti-migratory effect of ATP, which is in turn impaired by their pharmacological or molecular silencing. Downstream pathway includes calcium-dependent Adenilyl Cyclase 10 (AC10) recruitment, cAMP release and EPAC-1 activation. Notably, high ATP enhances TEC-mediated attraction of human pericytes, leading to a decrease of endothelial permeability, a hallmark of vessel normalization. Finally, we provide the first evidence of in vivo P2X7R expression in blood vessels of murine and human breast carcinoma. In conclusion, we have identified a purinergic pathway selectively acting as an antiangiogenic and normalizing signal for human tumor-derived vascular endothelium.
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Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Movimento Celular , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Trifosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Biológicos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Coriorretinite/etiologia , Úlceras Orais/etiologia , Sífilis/complicações , Biópsia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Herpes Genital/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oftalmoscopia , Úlceras Orais/microbiologia , Úlceras Orais/patologia , Palato/microbiologia , Palato/patologia , Tonsila Palatina/microbiologia , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologia , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sorodiagnóstico da Sífilis , Treponema pallidum/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
No disponible