Utilidad diagnóstica de citopatología para diagnóstico de nódulos tiroideos malignos en un hospital peruano / Diagnostic utility of cytopathology for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules in a Peruvian hospital

RESUMEN Objetivos: determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la biopsia por punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) para el diagnóstico de nódulos tiroideos malignos. Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo que evaluó las PAAF de tiroides realizadas en el Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen en Lima, Perú, durante un período de tres años. Se categorizó el diagnóstico citopatológico de las biopsias usando el sistema de Bethesda, se consideró las categorías V y VI como malignas y la categoría II como benigna. Se obtuvo solo una biopsia por paciente y se consideró el resultado con la categoría de Bethesda más alta. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a tiroidectomía y los resultados histopatológicos se categorizaron como malignos o benignos. Resultados: se incluyó a 173 pacientes con resultados citopatológicos de Bethesda II al VI. El diagnóstico citológico mostró que el 47,4% de los pacientes tenían Bethesda VI. El 59,5% de los nódulos tiroideos fueron malignos en la histopatología, siendo el carcinoma papilar el tipo más frecuente. El rendimiento diagnóstico de la PAAF fue alta cuando considera Bethesda V y VI como malignos, con una sensibilidad 91,92%, especificidad 71,67%, valor predictivo positivo 84,26%, valor predictivo negativo 84,31% y precisión de 84,28%, razón de verosimilitud positiva 3,39; pero mejoró significativamente cuando se consideró solo Bethesda VI como maligno, con sensibilidad del 90,7%, especificidad del 89,58%, precisión 90,3% y razón de verosimilitud positiva 8,71. Conclusiones : la PAAF tiene buen rendimiento. Este estudio demostró ser de gran utilidad en nuestro centro de salud para detectar errores y promover mejoras, así también como modelo para próximas investigaciones en diferentes establecimientos de salud.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the diagnostic performance of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: This is a retrospective study that assessed thyroid FNABs in Guillermo Almenara-Irigoyen National Hospital in Lima, Peru, during a three-year period. Cytopathologic diagnosis of biopsies was categorized using the Bethesda System, considering categories V and VI as malignant, and category II as benign. A single biopsy per patient was obtained, and results with the highest value in the Bethesda System were considered. All patients underwent thyroidectomy and histopathological results were characterized as malignant or benign. Results: One hundred and seventy-three patients were included in the study. Their cytopathology results were Bethesda II to VI. Cytological diagnosis showed that 47.4% of all patients were Bethesda VI. Nearly sixty percent (59.5%) of thyroid nodules were malignant in histopathology, and papillary carcinoma was the most frequent neoplasm. Diagnostic performance of FNAB was high when considering Bethesda V and VI as malignant, with 91.92% sensitivity, 71.67% specificity, 84.26 positive predictive value, 84.31% negative predictive value, and 84.28% precision. Positive verisimilitude rate was 3.39; but this significantly improved when only Bethesda VI was considered as malignant, with 90.7% sensitivity, 89.58% specificity, 90.3% precision, and 8.71 positive verisimilitude rate. Conclusion: FNAB showed good performance. This study proved to be quite useful in our healthcare facility for detecting errors and promote improvement, as well as a model for future research in different healthcare instances.

Küpers clinical prediction score in a case series of primary aldosteronism

Background: Primary aldosteronism is a disorder due to excessive aldosterone production in the presence of low renin levels. It is an underdiagnosed pathology despite its simple screening. Establishing the unilateral or bilateral location represents the greatest diagnostic challenge and is crucial to define the therapeutic approach. Adrenal venous catheterization (AVC) is the best test to establish the location, but it is invasive and expensive. New predictive markers of laterality are being developed. Case series presentation: We present a case series of 8 patients diagnosed with primary aldosteronism due to arterial hypertension with hypokalaemia, elevated aldosterone-renin ratio and compatible computed tomography. 4 patients underwent adrenal venous catheterization. Conclusion: In patients who underwent catheterization as well as in those who did not, the Küpers score adequately predicted lateralization in 75% of cases and it could be a useful tool to discriminate unilateral from bilateral aldosteronism.

Introducción: El hiperaldosteronismo primario es un desorden debido a una producción excesiva de aldosterona en presencia de niveles bajos de renina. Es una patología infradiagnosticada a pesar de su simple tamizaje. Definir la localización unilateral o bilateral representa el más importante desafío diagnóstico y es crucial para el abordaje terapéutico. El cateterismo venoso adrenal (CVA) es la mejor prueba para establecer la localización, pero es invasivo y costoso. Nuevos marcadores predictivos de unilateralidad se encuentran en desarrollo. Presentación de serie de casos: Presentamos una serie de casos de 8 pacientes diagnosticados con hiperaldosteronismo primario debido a hipertensión arterial con hipocalemia, radio aldosterona-renina elevado y tomografía compatible. 4 pacientes fueron sometidos a cateterismo venoso adrenal. Conclusión: Tanto en los pacientes que fueron sometidos a cateterismo venoso adrenal como en los que no, el score de Küpers predijo adecuadamente la lateralidad en 75% de los casos y puede ser una herramienta útil para diferenciar el hiperaldosteronismo unilateral del bilateral.

Diagnosis and management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: A state-of-the-art.

This review provides an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the small bowel (SB). These NENs are defined as a group of neoplasms deriving from neuroendocrine cells. NENs are currently the most common primary tumors of the SB, mainly involving the ileum, making the SB the most frequently affected part of the gastrointestinal tract. SB NENs by definition are located between the ligament of Treitz and the ileocecal valve. They are characterized by small size and induce an extensive fibrotic reaction in the small intestine including the mesentery, resulting in narrowing or twisting of the intestine. Clinical manifestations of bowel functionality are related to the precise location of the primary tumor. The majority of them are non-functional NENs and generally asymptomatic; in an advanced stage, NENs present symptoms of mass effect by non-specific abdominal pain or carcinoid syndrome which appears in patients with liver metastasis (around 10%). The main manifestations of the carcinoid syndrome are facial flushing (94%), diarrhea (78%), abdominal cramps (50%), heart valve disease (50%), telangiectasia (25%), wheezing (15%) and edema (19%). Diagnosis is made by imaging or biochemical tests, and the order of request will depend on the initial diagnostic hypothesis, while confirmation will always be histological. All patients with a localized SB NEN with or without near metastasis in the mesentery are recommended for curative resection. Locoregional and distant spread may be susceptible to several therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy, somatostatin analogs and palliative resection.

[Clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in two peruvian hospitals]. / Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes con parálisis periódica tirotóxica en dos hospitales peruanos.

Background: Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis (PPT) is an uncommon complication of hyperthyroidism, it is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in adults. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in 2 reference hospitals of the social security in Lima-Peru, which included 22 patients diagnosed with PPT during the period 2014-2021. Results: the average age at diagnosis was 35.77 ± 9.6 years, all of mixed race, in 82% of the patients the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was established from this entity, the etiology in 95% was autoimmune (Graves-Basedow) except for one whose etiology was toxic multinodular goiter. The triggering event reported in 54% of patients was the intake of copious food high in carbohydrates, followed by exercise (27%), the most frequent presentation time was during the morning (41% of the cases), the main weakness pattern compromised lower limbs (45% paraplegia, 18% paraparesis), only 36% were diagnosed with PPT in their first episode of motor weakness. Conclusions: We consider that this condition should be suspected in any young male patient of any ethnicity with acute muscle weakness, associated with low serum potassium levels and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, although its absence should not rule out the diagnosis. The precipitating factor should be identified as much as possible and initial therapy with propanolol with or without intravenous or oral potassium replacement should be established, with adequate subsequent monitoring to minimize the risk of rebound hyperkalemia.

Introducción: la paralisis periodica tirotóxica (PPT) es una complicación poco común del hipertiroidismo, corresponde la causa más frecuente de parálisis aguda flácida del adulto. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en 2 hospitales referenciales del seguro social en Lima-Perú, que incluyo a 22 pacientes (21 hombres, 1 mujer) diagnosticados con PPT durante el periodo 2014-2021. Resultados: la edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 35.77 ± 9.6 años, todos de raza mestiza, en 82% de los pacientes el diagnostico de hipertiroidismo fue establecido a partir de esta entidad, la etiología en el 95% fue autoinmune (enfermedad de Graves-Basedow) excepto uno cuya etiología fue bocio multinodular tóxico. El evento desencadenante reportado en 54% de pacientes fue la ingesta de comida copiosa alta en carbohidratos, seguido del ejercicio (27%), el horario más frecuente de presentación fue durante la mañana ( 41% de los casos), el patrón de debilidad principal comprometió miembros inferiores(45% paraplejia, 18% paraparesia), solo 36% fue diagnosticado de PPT en su primer episodio de debilidad motora. Conclusiones: consideramos que se debe sospechar esta condición en cualquier paciente varón joven de cualquier etnia con debilidad muscular aguda, asociado a niveles séricos bajos de potasio y síntomas de tirotoxicosis, aunque su ausencia no debe descartar el diagnostico. Se debe identificar en lo posible el factor precipitante e instaurar terapia inicial con propanolol con o sin reemplazo de potasio endovenoso u oral, con monitoreo posterior adecuado que minimice el riesgo de hiperpotasemia de rebote.

Complications of obesity in children and adolescents during covid-19 pandemic: A narrative review

Obesity in children and adolescents has increased exponentially around the world. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a higher pediatric obesity rate. The excess adipose tissue generates a dysregulation of adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin, among others. Metabolic alterations can develop cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep disorders, and higher risk of COVID-19 severity. Obesity has different therapeutic approaches such as behavioral weight loss programs, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical procedures. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment are important to decrease the mortality in obesity among pediatric population.

La obesidad en niños y adolescentes ha aumentado exponencialmente en todo el mundo. Asimismo, la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) ha conducido a una mayor tasa de obesidad pediátrica. El exceso de tejido adiposo genera una desregulación de hormonas como adiponectina, ghrelina y leptina, entre otras. Las alteraciones metabólicas pueden ocasionar enfermedad cardiovascular, dislipidemias, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, trastornos del sueño y mayor riesgo de COVID-19 severo. La obesidad tiene diferentes enfoques terapéuticos, como programas conductuales de pérdida de peso, tratamientos farmacológicos y procedimientos quirúrgicos. De esta manera, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno es importante para disminuir la mortalidad asociada a la obesidad en la población pediátrica.

Complicaciones de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Una revisión narrativa / Complicaciones de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Una revisión narrativa

Introducción: La obesidad en niños y adolescentes ha aumentado exponencialmente en todo el mundo. Asimismo, la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) ha conducido a una mayor tasa de obesidad pediátrica. El exceso de tejido adiposo genera una desregulación de hormonas como adiponectina, ghrelina y leptina, entre otras. Las alteraciones metabólicas pueden ocasionar enfermedad cardiovascular, dislipidemias, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, trastornos del sueño y mayor riesgo de COVID-19 severo. La obesidad tiene diferentes enfoques terapéuticos, como programas conductuales de pérdida de peso, tratamientos farmacológicos y procedimientos quirúrgicos. De esta manera, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno es importante para disminuir la mortalidad asociada a la obesidad en la población pediátrica.

Introduction: Obesity in children and adolescents has increased exponentially worldwide. Likewise, the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has led to a higher rate of pediatric obesity. Excess adipose tissue leads to dysregulation of hormones such as adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin, among others. Metabolic alterations can lead to cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep disorders and increased risk of severe COVID-19. Obesity has different therapeutic approaches, such as behavioral weight loss programs, pharmacological treatments and surgical procedures. Thus, timely diagnosis and treatment is important to decrease obesity-associated mortality in the pediatric population.

New-onset thyrotoxicosis in a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a diagnostic challenge.

SUMMARY: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the type of thyroid cancer that has the worst prognosis. It usually presents as a rapidly growing cervical mass that generates compressive symptoms. Its association with thyrotoxicosis is rare. A 76-year-old woman, with no contributory history, presented with a 3-month course of fast-growing cervical tumor, associated with tenderness, cough, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed goiter, localized erythema, and a painful and stone tumor dependent on the right thyroid lobe. Due to the malignant findings of the thyroid ultrasound, the patient underwent a thyroid core needle biopsy, which indicated ATC. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis, decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone, elevated free thyroxine (fT4), and increased thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies. At the beginning, we considered that the etiology of thyrotoxicosis was secondary to subacute thyroiditis (SAT) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, due to the immunochromatography result and chest tomography findings. The result of markedly elevated TPO antibodies left this etiology more remote. Therefore, we suspected Graves' disease as an etiology; however, thyroid histopathology and ultrasound did not show compatible findings. Therefore, we suspect that the main etiology of thyrotoxicosis in the patient was the destruction of the thyroid follicles caused by a rapid invasion of malignant cells, which is responsible for the consequent release of preformed thyroid hormone. ATC is a rare endocrine neoplasm with high mortality; it may be associated with thyrotoxicosis, whose etiology can be varied; therefore, differential diagnosis is important for proper management. LEARNING POINTS: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the thyroid cancer with the worst prognosis and the highest mortality. The association of anaplastic thyroid cancer with thyrotoxicosis is rare, and a differential diagnosis is necessary to provide adequate treatment. Due to the current pandemic, in patients with thyrotoxicosis, it is important to rule out SARS-CoV-2 as an etiology. Anaplastic thyroid cancer, due to its aggressive behavior and rapid growth, can destroy thyroid follicular cells, generating preformed thyroid hormone release, being responsible for thyrotoxicosis.

Surgical Remission of Diabetes in a Patient With Mutation of RET Proto-Oncogene.

OBJECTIVE: In pheochromocytomas, accelerated catecholamine production can cause secondary diabetes. The gene responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)-related pheochromocytomas is the RET proto-oncogene. The objective of this report is to describe a unique case of surgical remission of misdiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a woman with bilateral pheochromocytoma and RET proto-oncogene mutation. METHODS: Clinical examination, urinary metanephrine level, triple-phase abdominal computed tomography (CT) with adrenal protocol, positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated with CT, surgical pathology, and genetic testing were performed. RESULTS: A 46-year-old woman with a 5-year history of apparent T2DM complicated by neuropathy, without a contributory family history, presented with occasional headaches, weight loss, and abdominal pain. A 24-hour urinary metanephrine of 5 mg (reference range, 0.05-1 mg) was found. Abdominal CT showed bilateral adrenal masses with <60% washout. Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose integrated with CT showed a left solid-cystic lesion with low metabolic activity and a right nodular lesion with a higher metabolic activity, which was conclusive of bilateral pheochromocytoma. The remission of diabetes was achieved 1 year after a bilateral adrenalectomy. In addition, a multinodular goiter was found, and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed that it was a medullary thyroid carcinoma. A heterozygous pathogenic variant of the RET proto-oncogene was found and MEN2A was confirmed. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a patient with a RET proto-oncogene mutation experiencing remission of diabetes after surgical resection of bilateral pheochromocytomas. Timely recognition and treatment of the underlying condition are important to potentially achieve diabetes remission and prevent its long-term complications.

Factores asociados a la presencia de fisura labiopalatina en recién nacidos en un hospital peruano de tercer nivel de atención. Un estudio de casos y controles / Factors associated to the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in newborns in a tertiary care Peruvian hospital. A case-control study

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la presencia de fisura labial y/o palatina en recién nacidos en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, localizado en Lima - Perú, durante el periodo noviembre 2012 - diciembre 2016. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, de casos y controles emparejado, con datos del Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas (ECLAMC). Se analizaron 61 casos y 61 controles. La variable dependiente fue la presencia de fisura labial y/o palatina. Se recogieron también variables clínicas, epidemiológicas, obstétricas y prenatales. Resultados: la fisura labiopalatina con extensión completa, en el sexo masculino, fue la forma más frecuente y estuvo presente en 36 neonatos (59%), con cariotipo normal 44 (75,9%) y sin diagnóstico prenatal 40 (65,6%). Las malformaciones observadas con más frecuencia fueron las faciales 27 (44,2%) seguidas de malformaciones cardiacas (29,6%). Se construyó un modelo estadístico mediante análisis multivariado conformado por tres variables: enfermedad crónica durante el embarazo (odds ratio (OR): 3,8; intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%): 1,11 - 13,08), edad materna mayor a 35 años (OR: 6,85; IC 95%: 2,69 - 17,43) y antecedente familiar (OR: 14,5; IC 95%: 1,68 - 125,56). Conclusiones: las enfermedades crónicas en el embarazo, la edad materna avanzada y el antecedente familiar fueron factores que aumentaron la presencia de fisura labial y/o palatina.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors associated to the occurrence of cleft lip and/or palate in newborns in Edgardo Rebagliati-Martins National Hospital in Lima, Peru, during the time period from November 2012 until December 2016. Materials and methods: this is an analytical observational paired case-control study, with data from the Collaborative Latin-American Study of Congenital Malformations. Sixty-one cases and sixty-one controls were analyzed. The dependent variable was the presence of cleft lip and/or palate. Clinical, epidemiological, obstetric, and prenatal variables were also analyzed. Results : cleft lip/palate with complete extension predominantly in males was the most frequent form, and it was present in 36 neonates (59%), 44 of all children in the sample (75.9%) had normal karyotype, and 40 did not have a prenatal diagnosis (65.6%). Associated malformations most frequently observed were 27 facial cases (44.2%), followed by cardiac malformations (29.6%). A statistical model using multivariate analysis was built on, and this comprised three variables: chronic disease during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR): 3.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-13.8), maternal age more than 35 years (OR: 6.85; 95% CI: 2.69-17.43), and family history (OR: 14.5; 95% CI: 1.68-125.56). Conclusions : chronic diseases during pregnancy, advanced maternal age, and family history were factors that increased the frequency of cleft lip and/or palate.

Pregnancy during the course of Cushing's syndrome: a case report and literature review.

SUMMARY: Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disorder that causes anovulatory infertility secondary to hypercortisolism; therefore, pregnancy rarely occurs during its course. We present the case of a 24-year-old, 16-week pregnant female with a 10-month history of unintentional weight gain, dorsal gibbus, nonpruritic comedones, hirsutism and hair loss. Initial biochemical, hormonal and ultrasound investigations revealed hypokalemia, increased nocturnal cortisolemia and a right adrenal mass. The patient had persistent high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hypercortisolemia. She was initially treated with antihypertensive medications and insulin therapy. Endogenous Cushing's syndrome was confirmed by an abdominal MRI that demonstrated a right adrenal adenoma. The patient underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy and anatomopathological examination revealed an adrenal adenoma with areas of oncocytic changes. Finally, antihypertensive medication was progressively reduced and glycemic control and hypokalemia reversal were achieved. Long-term therapy consisted of low-dose daily prednisone. During follow-up, despite favorable outcomes regarding the patient's Cushing's syndrome, stillbirth was confirmed at 28 weeks of pregnancy. We discuss the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome to prevent severe maternal and fetal complications. LEARNING POINTS: Pregnancy can occur, though rarely, during the course of Cushing's syndrome. Pregnancy is a transient physiological state of hypercortisolism and it must be differentiated from Cushing's syndrome based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy may be challenging, particularly in the second and third trimesters because of the changes in the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pregnancy during the course of Cushing's syndrome is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications; therefore, its early diagnosis and treatment is critical.

Successful remission of type B insulin resistance syndrome without rituximab in an elderly male.

SUMMARY: Type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIR) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by antibodies against the insulin receptor. It should be considered in patients with dysglycaemia and severe insulin resistance when other more common causes have been ruled out. We report a case of a 72-year-old male with a 4-year history of type 2 diabetes who presented with hypercatabolism, vitiligo, acanthosis nigricans, and hyperglycaemia resistant to massive doses of insulin (up to 1000 U/day). Detection of anti-insulin receptor antibodies confirmed TBIR. The patient received six pulses of methylprednisolone and daily treatment with cyclophosphamide for 6 months. Response to treatment was evident after the fourth pulse of methylprednisolone, as indicated by weight gain, decreased glycosylated haemoglobin and decreased requirement of exogenous insulin that was later discontinued due to episodes of hypoglycaemia. Remission was eventually achieved and the patient is currently asymptomatic, does not require insulin therapy, has normal glycaemia and is awaiting initiation of maintenance therapy with azathioprine. Thus, TBIR remitted without the use of rituximab. This case highlights the importance of diagnosis and treatment in a timely fashion, as well as the significance of clinical features, available laboratory findings and medication. Large controlled studies are required to standardise a therapeutic protocol, particularly in resource-constrained settings where access to rituximab is limited. LEARNING POINTS: Type B insulin resistance syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that should be considered in patients with dysglycaemia, severe insulin resistance and a concomitant autoimmune disease. Serological confirmation of antibodies against the insulin receptor is not necessary in all cases due to the high associated mortality without timely treatment. Although there is no standardised immunosuppressive treatment, a protocol containing rituximab, cyclophosphamide and steroids has shown a significant reduction in previously reported mortality rates. The present case, reports successful remission in an atypical patient using cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone, which is an effective therapy in countries in which rituximab is not covered by health insurance. When there is improvement in the hypercatabolic phase, the insulin dose should be reduced and/or discontinued to prevent hypoglycaemia; a mild postprandial hyperglycaemic state should be acceptable.

Grado de responsabilidad social en estudiantes de una universidad pública / Degree of social responsibility in students of a public university

Objetivo: Identificar el grado de responsabilidad social en estudiantes de una universidad pública. Método : Estudio transversal. Utilizó el Cuestionario de Autoatribución de Comportamientos Socialmente Responsables y una ficha de recolección de datos. La muestra fue de 432 estudiantes. El muestreo no probabilístico estratificado por escuela profesional. Se usó estadística descriptiva e inferencial con pruebas no paramétricas. Análisis estadístico con SPSS v17.0. Resultados: De la muestra estudiada, 46 estudiantes (10,6 por ciento) presentaron comportamiento socialmente responsable. Se halló Bajo grado de responsabilidad social en el 89,4 por ciento. La autoatribución de frecuencia de comportamiento socialmente responsable se obtuvo en el 31,3 por ciento destacando la subescala de Convivencia social. La autoatribución de intención en el 26,9 por ciento destacando la subescala de Ecología. El alto grado de responsabilidad social se halló en estudiantes de menor edad 19,52 ± 2,03. La responsabilidad social fue mayor en el sexo femenino, el área profesional de Letras y en los que refirieron mayor rendimiento académico. Conclusiones: El grado de responsabilidad social en la población universitaria del estudio es con mayor frecuencia de bajo grado. La autoatribución de frecuencia es mayor en la subescala de Convivencia social. La autoatribución de intención es mayor en la subescala de Ecología. Se encontró asociación con edad, rendimiento académico referido, escuela profesional de educación y factores cognitivos del área de letras(AU)

Objective: To identify the degree of social responsibility in the students of a public university. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. He used the Socially Responsible Behavior Self-Assignment Questionnaire and a data collection form. The sample was 432 students. Non-probabilistic sampling stratified by the vocational school. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with non-parametric tests. Statistical analysis with SPSS v17.0. Results: Of the sample studied, 46 students (10.6 percent) presented socially responsible behavior. It was found Low degree of social responsibility in 89.4 percent. The self-attribution of frequency of socially responsible behavior was obtained in 31.3 percent highlighting the social coexistence subscale. The self-attribution of intention in the 26.9 percent emphasizing the subscale of Ecology. The high degree of social responsibility was found in younger students 19.52 ± 2.03. The social responsibility was greater in the female sex, the professional area of ​​the letters and in which they referred the greater academic performance. Conclusions: The degree of social responsibility in the university population of the study with more frequency of low degree. Frequency self-attribution is greater in the social coexistence subscale. The self-attribution of intention is greater in the subscale of Ecology. We found an association with age, academic achievement, professional school of education, and cognitive factors in the area of ​​letters(AU)

Características de las tesis de pre-grado de medicina de una universidad pública del Perú / Characteristics of undergraduate medical thesis of a peruvian public university

Las tesis de pre-grado más que un requisito para titularse son una forma de hacer investigación. Estudios anteriores muestran una publicación de tesis entre 2,7% a 17,6%. Objetivo: Describir las características de las tesis de pregrado de una Facultad de Medicina Material y Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico. Se revisaron 221 tesis, recolectando: Año, número de autores, asesores y referencias bibliográficas, población estudiada y prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud. Se realizó una búsqueda en Google Académico, para evaluar publicación. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Del total de tesis, el 91,6% tuvieron un solo asesor, 76% fueron descriptivas, 82,8% se realizó en población hospitalaria y el 62,4% fue en adultos. Se observó una menor producción en los años 2008-2010. De las tesis entre 2010-2014, 72,9% no correspondieron a ninguna prioridad nacional de investigación en salud.Sólo el 6,8% se basó en literatura de los últimos 5 años. Sólo 9 (4,1%) fueron publicadas en una revista científica indizada. Conclusión: Las tesis de pregrado se caracterizaron por ser descriptivas, hospitalarias, en adultos, basadas en literatura no actualizada y no acordes con las prioridades de investigación en salud. La publicación fué baja...

The undergraduate thesis rather than a requirement to graduate, are a way of doing research. Previous studies show a thesis published between 2.7% to 17.6% in indexed journals. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the undergraduate thesis of a medical school. Material and Methods: Bibliometric study. 221 theses were reviewed, collecting: year, number of authors, advisers, and references, study population, and national priorities for health research. A search was performed on Google Scholar to assess publication. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Of the total, 91.6% of thesis had one advisor, 76% were descriptive, 82.8% were done in a hospital population, 62.4% in adults. A Iower production was found in the years 2008-2010. Of the theses between 2010-2014, 72.9% did not correspond to any national health research priority. Only 6.8% was based on literature of the last five years. Only 9 (4.1%) were published in anindexed scientific journal. Conclusion: The undergraduate thesis were characterized as descriptive, in hospitals, in adults, based on out dated literature and not in line with the national priorities for health research. The publication is Iow...