RESUMO
Electronic delivery of nicotine, also termed "vaping," has a growing evidence base suggesting potential harm through both exposure and withdrawal effects. The current report presents the case of a young man with multiple medical comorbidities, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on an insulin pump and presumed Gilbert's disease, and chronic cannabis use who experienced acute agitation with hallucinations in the context of quitting his vape pen "cold turkey" or abruptly discontinuing use without a nicotine replacement. While undergoing hospitalization for his complaint of nausea and vomiting in the context of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and cannabis use, his psychotic symptoms became evident and continued until beginning a nicotine replacement patch. A few months later, the patient returned to the hospital again for nausea and vomiting in the context of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis and reported cannabis use, however this time without psychosis, and notably after resuming and continuing use of e-cigarette with nicotine replacement delivered on admission. This is the first reported case of acute psychosis related to abrupt vaping withdrawal and adds to the plethora of information regarding potential risks associated with electronic cigarette use.
RESUMO
The newer generation non selective vasodilating beta adrenergic blocking agent Carvedilol, also has an alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonistic effect and is widely used in treating various cardiovascular diseases. It is a selective alpha and non-selective beta blocker. It's side effects are vast and not limited to any particular organ system, the neuropsychiatric adverse effects include; somnolence, nervousness, sleep disorder, aggravated depression, vivid dreams, delirium, psychosis, impaired concentration, abnormal thinking, paroniria, and emotional lability. Hallucinations are rarely reported and as far as we know the only reported couple of cases were on metoprolol and propranolol, none has been reported with Carvedilol.