Naringin attenuates liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether NAR has a hepatoprotective role in a model of STZ-induced diabetes and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms triggered by the flavonoid. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1) controls, 2) STZ rats 3) STZ rats treated daily with NAR (40 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. NAR prevented increases in serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase activities in STZ rats. The flavonoid blocked serum lipid alterations, but not the biometric parameters in STZ rats. Microscopic examination in liver from STZ rats revealed morphological changes indicative of increased adipogenesis and cell death and inflammation, which were all mitigated by the flavonoid. NAR inhibited the NFκB/IL-6/Cox-2 overexpressions triggered by oxidative stress in STZ rats. The iNOS/NO/nitrosylated protein pathway was also blocked by NAR. The increment in the protein expression of Fas/FasL/caspase-3 and in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio showed that both pathways of apoptosis were increased by the diabetes, effects that were abrogated by NAR treatment. In conclusion, NAR protects against the liver damage caused by STZ-induced diabetes and it could be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent the non alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with the type 1Diabetes mellitus.

Injerto de matriz ósea en partículas asociado a plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP): estudio experimental / Bone matrix and platelet rich plasma (PRP) grafting: an experimental study

Los injertos o sustitutos óseos se utilizan con el fin de solucionar situaciones de déficit en el hueso, aunque aún existen controversias sobre los mecanismos de osteoinducción que estos rellenos promueven dentro de los tejidos. La combinación con plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) podría aumentar la capacidad de reparación ósea. Objetivo: estudiar el efecto biológico (biocompatibilidad y osteoinducción) de la matriz ósea de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (MO-UNC) y el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP). Métodos: se utilizaron 30 ratas Wistar anestesiadas con ketamina-xilazina. En 4 sitios del tejido celular subcutáneo de la región dorsal se implantaron tubos de silicona conteniendo los materiales experimentales: MO (partículas de MO-UNC), PRP, MO+PRP (partículas de MO embebidas en PRP), GC (Controles, sin relleno). Se tomaron biopsias de los sitios de implante a los 30 y 60 días poscirugía y se obtuvieron cortes histológicos para analizar la biocompatibilidad y la neoformación ósea alrededor de los materiales implantados. Resultados: si bien en ninguno de los grupos se identificó tejido óseo neoformado, en el grupo MO+PRP a 30 días se constató un aumento del número de cpailares neoformados alrededor de las partículas. A los 60 días, las partículas de MO-UNC mostraron áreas lacunares compatibles con actividad resorsiva. En este estudio, las partículas de MO-UNC se comportaron como injertos biocompatibles, siendo progresivamente resorbidas en el organismo de los animales. Se confirmó un efecto angiogénico del PRP...

Particulate bone matrix usage for alveolar bone conservation. A histomorphometric study.

UNLABELLED: Different filling materials have been used in an attempt to repair bone loss situations. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to examine the effect of a bone matrix in post - extraction remodelling of the alveolar bone, and to perform a histomorphometric analysis of the residual alveolar ridges in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Both rat first lower molars were extracted and the right alveoli were filled with particles of a bone matrix with mineral components (MO - UNC) (experimental group, EG). The left alveoli were used as a control group (CG). The animals were sacrificed at 0 hr., 15, 30 and 60 days after extraction, and the samples were processed. Histological sections were made at the level of the mesial alveolus of the first lower molar. Repair of the alveoli was histologically evaluated and a histomorphometric study of total alveolar volume (TAV), height of the buccal plate (Bh), height of the lingual plate (Lh) and percentage of osseointegration (OI) of the particles was performed to compare the residual ridges of CG with those of the EG. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: In the cases of the experimental group, newly - formed bone tissue was identified around the MO - UNC particles (osseointegration). Histomorphometric data indicate that, at 60 days post - extraction, TAV was significantly greater for EG when compared with CG (p <0.05) and the percentage of osseointegration of the particles increased as a function of time (57.6 %, 90.5% y 95.5%, for EG at 15, 30 y 60 days respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The bone matrix (MO - UNC) evaluated in this study is an osteoconductive material that prevents the collapse of post - extraction alveolar bone.

Particulate bone matrix usage for alveolar bone conservation. A histomorphometric study / Particulate bone matrix usage for alveolar bone conservation. A histomorphometric study.

UNLABELLED: Different filling materials have been used in an attempt to repair bone loss situations. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to examine the effect of a bone matrix in post - extraction remodelling of the alveolar bone, and to perform a histomorphometric analysis of the residual alveolar ridges in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Both rat first lower molars were extracted and the right alveoli were filled with particles of a bone matrix with mineral components (MO - UNC) (experimental group, EG). The left alveoli were used as a control group (CG). The animals were sacrificed at 0 hr., 15, 30 and 60 days after extraction, and the samples were processed. Histological sections were made at the level of the mesial alveolus of the first lower molar. Repair of the alveoli was histologically evaluated and a histomorphometric study of total alveolar volume (TAV), height of the buccal plate (Bh), height of the lingual plate (Lh) and percentage of osseointegration (OI) of the particles was performed to compare the residual ridges of CG with those of the EG. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: In the cases of the experimental group, newly - formed bone tissue was identified around the MO - UNC particles (osseointegration). Histomorphometric data indicate that, at 60 days post - extraction, TAV was significantly greater for EG when compared with CG (p <0.05) and the percentage of osseointegration of the particles increased as a function of time (57.6

, for EG at 15, 30 y 60 days respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The bone matrix (MO - UNC) evaluated in this study is an osteoconductive material that prevents the collapse of post - extraction alveolar bone.

Particulate bone matrix usage for alveolar bone conservation. A histomorphometric study. / Particulate bone matrix usage for alveolar bone conservation. A histomorphometric study.

UNLABELLED: Different filling materials have been used in an attempt to repair bone loss situations. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to examine the effect of a bone matrix in post - extraction remodelling of the alveolar bone, and to perform a histomorphometric analysis of the residual alveolar ridges in Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Both rat first lower molars were extracted and the right alveoli were filled with particles of a bone matrix with mineral components (MO - UNC) (experimental group, EG). The left alveoli were used as a control group (CG). The animals were sacrificed at 0 hr., 15, 30 and 60 days after extraction, and the samples were processed. Histological sections were made at the level of the mesial alveolus of the first lower molar. Repair of the alveoli was histologically evaluated and a histomorphometric study of total alveolar volume (TAV), height of the buccal plate (Bh), height of the lingual plate (Lh) and percentage of osseointegration (OI) of the particles was performed to compare the residual ridges of CG with those of the EG. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: In the cases of the experimental group, newly - formed bone tissue was identified around the MO - UNC particles (osseointegration). Histomorphometric data indicate that, at 60 days post - extraction, TAV was significantly greater for EG when compared with CG (p <0.05) and the percentage of osseointegration of the particles increased as a function of time (57.6

, 90.5

y 95.5

, for EG at 15, 30 y 60 days respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The bone matrix (MO - UNC) evaluated in this study is an osteoconductive material that prevents the collapse of post - extraction alveolar bone.

Bone substitute in the repair of the post-extraction alveolus.

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the choice of the best material for bone substitutes. Experimental models enable estimation of biological potential, efficacy and safety of a biomaterial before its clinical application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of a bone substitute, UNC bone matrix powder (MOeP-UNC), for repairing the post-extraction alveolus in Wistar rats. Rats' first lower molars were extracted. The right alveoli were filled with MOeP-UNC hydrated with physiological saline (Experimental Group, EG), and the left alveoli were used as Control Group (CG). Thirty days after extraction, the animals were killed and the samples processed. Histological sections were made in vestibular-lingual direction at the level of the mesial alveolus of the first inferior molar (Guglielmotti et al. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1985;43(5):359-364). Repair of the alveoli at 30 days after extraction was evaluated histologically. Repair of the alveolus was optimum in the control group at 30 days, and the EG showed presence of MOeP-UNC particles in close contact with newly formed bone tissue (osseointegration). In the experimental model used, at 30 days post-surgery, the MOeP-UNC particles integrate compatibly with newly formed bone tissue.

Bone substitute in the repair of the post-extraction alveolus

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the choice of the best material for bone substitutes. Experimental models enable estimation of biological potential, efficacy and safety of a biomaterial before its clinical application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of a bone substitute, UNC bone matrix powder (MOeP-UNC), for repairing the postextraction alveolus in Wistar rats. Rats' first lower molars were extracted. The right alveoli were filled with MOeP-UNC hydrated with physiological saline (Experimental Group, EG), and the left alveoli were used as Control Group (CG). Thirty days after extraction, the animals were killed and the samples processed. Histological sections were made in vestibular- lingual direction at the level of the mesial alveolus of the first inferior molar (Guglielmotti et al. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1985;43(5):359-364). Repair of the alveoli at 30 days after extraction was evaluated histologically. Repair of the alveolus was optimum in the control group at 30 days, and the EG showed presence of MOeP-UNC particles in close contact with newly formed bone tissue (osseointegration). In the experimental model used, at 30 days post-surgery, the MOeP-UNC particles integrate compatibly with newly formed bone tissue.

En los ultimos anos se ha incrementado el interes por la eleccion del material mas adecuado como sustituto oseo. Los modelos experimentales permiten estimar el potencial biologico, la eficacia y seguridad de un biomaterial, previo a su aplicacion clinica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la respuesta de un sustituto oseo, matriz osea-UNC en polvo (MOeP-UNC), en la reparacion alveolar post-exodoncia en ratas Wistar. Se realizo la exodoncia de los primeros molares inferiores. En los alveolos derechos se coloco MOeP-UNC hidratada con solucion fisiologica (Grupo Experimental, GE). Los alveolos izquierdos, fueron utilizados como Grupo Control (GC). A los 30 dias post-exodoncia los animales fueron sacrificados y las muestras obtenidas se procesaron, se realizaron cortes histologicos en sentido vestibulo-lingual a la altura del alveolo mesial del primer molar inferior (Guglielmotti et al. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1985;43(5):359-364). Se realizo la evaluacion histologica de la reparacion de los alveolos a los 30 dias post cirugia. El grupo control presento una optima reparacion alveolar a los 30 dias y en el GE se evidencio la presencia de las particulas de MOeP-UNC en intimo contacto con el tejido oseo neoformado (oseointegracion). En el modelo experimental utilizado, a los 30 dias post-cirugia las particulas MOePUNC se integran de manera compatible con el tejido oseo neoformado.

Early phenotypic and genotypic alterations in submandibular gland oncogenesis in rats.

The present study evaluates the phenotypic and genotypic changes that take place during early oncogenesis. The submandibular glands of male rats were injected with a 0.5% solution of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in acetone. Gland samples were taken at 0, 7, 30 and 150 days post-injection and submitted to histological, biochemical, immunocytochemical and PCR evaluation. Histopathological analysis was performed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. Total protein content was assessed by Lowry's method and the protein profile was analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE. Bcl-2 was demonstrated by silver-enhanced gold immunolabeling. p53 immunolabeling was performed using the streptavidin-biotin system. All the treated animals developed carcinoma-like lesions at 30 and 150 days. Total protein concentration rose significantly (p < 0.05) above control values at 7, 30 and 150 days. The treated glands exhibited positive immunolabeling for p53 in the nuclei of neoplastic cells at 30 and 150 days. Treated glands also showed positive cytoplasmic immunolabeling for Bcl-2, exhibiting statistically significant differences between 7, 30 and 150 days (p = 0.0015), and with controls (p < 0.0001). No p53 mutations were observed whereas a point mutation, C-to-A, of the Bcl-2 gene was detected at 7, 30 and 150 days by PCR amplification. This mutation led to a single aminoacid change (thre --> asn) in the protein molecule. Our results suggest that the early histopathological changes correspond to quantitative and qualitative protein changes. The histopathological, biochemical, immunocytochemical and genetic alterations observed during the course of experimental carcinogenesis in the submandibular gland of the rat could constitute reproducible indices of malignant transformation applicable to human oncogenesis, given the high degree of homology between the oncogenes of mice, rats and human beings.

Early phenotypic and genotypic alterations in submandibular gland oncogenesis in rats

Se evaluaron modificaciones del fenotipo y genotipo en glándulas submandibulares durante el desarrollo temprano de la tumorogénesis. Glándulas submandibulares de ratas macho fueron inyectadas con una solución de 0.5 por ciento de 9,10 dimetil 1,2-benzathracene (DMBA) diluida en acetona. Muestras de glándulas fueron analizadas mediante técnicas histológicas, bioquímicas, inmunocitoquímicas y por PCR a los 0, 7, 30 y 150 días postinyección. Para los estudios histopatológicos se utilizó la técnica de hematoxilina-eosina. Se determinó la concentración de proteínas totales por el método de Lowry y se realizaron corridas electroforéticas en gel de poliacrilamida SDS-PAGE al 12 por ciento para determinar el perfil proteico. Se realizó inmunomarcación para Bcl-2 con oro coloidal-plata y para p53 por streptavidina-biotina. Todos los animales tratados desarrollaron cambios similares a carcinomas a los 30 y 150 días. La concentracióan de proteínas totales aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) a los 7, 30 y 150 días en relación a los controles. En glándulas inducidas la inmunomarcación fue positiva para la proteína p53 en núcleos de células neoplásicas a los 30 y 150 días. En las mismas glándulas, la marcación citoplasmática de Bcl-2 fue positiva a los 7, 30 y 150 días(p=0,0015) y en relación a los controles (p<0,0001). No se observaron mutaciones de p53, mientras que se observó una mutación puntual, C A del gen bcl-2 a los 7, 30 y 150 días que generó un cambio de aminoácidos en la proteína (thre asn). Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cambios histopatológicos tempranos corresponden a modificaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas de las proteínas. Las modificaciones observadas a nivel histopatológico, bioquímico, inmunocitoquímico y genético en la carcinomgénesis experimental de glándula submandibular de rata podrían representar parámetros reproducibles de transformaciones malignas transferibles al ser humano, dada la alta homología de estos oncogenes entre rata, ratones...

Early phenotypic and genotypic alterations in submandibular gland oncogenesis in rats

Se evaluaron modificaciones del fenotipo y genotipo en glándulas submandibulares durante el desarrollo temprano de la tumorogénesis. Glándulas submandibulares de ratas macho fueron inyectadas con una solución de 0.5 por ciento de 9,10 dimetil 1,2-benzathracene (DMBA) diluida en acetona. Muestras de glándulas fueron analizadas mediante técnicas histológicas, bioquímicas, inmunocitoquímicas y por PCR a los 0, 7, 30 y 150 días postinyección. Para los estudios histopatológicos se utilizó la técnica de hematoxilina-eosina. Se determinó la concentración de proteínas totales por el método de Lowry y se realizaron corridas electroforéticas en gel de poliacrilamida SDS-PAGE al 12 por ciento para determinar el perfil proteico. Se realizó inmunomarcación para Bcl-2 con oro coloidal-plata y para p53 por streptavidina-biotina. Todos los animales tratados desarrollaron cambios similares a carcinomas a los 30 y 150 días. La concentracióan de proteínas totales aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) a los 7, 30 y 150 días en relación a los controles. En glándulas inducidas la inmunomarcación fue positiva para la proteína p53 en núcleos de células neoplásicas a los 30 y 150 días. En las mismas glándulas, la marcación citoplasmática de Bcl-2 fue positiva a los 7, 30 y 150 días(p=0,0015) y en relación a los controles (p<0,0001). No se observaron mutaciones de p53, mientras que se observó una mutación puntual, C A del gen bcl-2 a los 7, 30 y 150 días que generó un cambio de aminoácidos en la proteína (thre asn). Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cambios histopatológicos tempranos corresponden a modificaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas de las proteínas. Las modificaciones observadas a nivel histopatológico, bioquímico, inmunocitoquímico y genético en la carcinomgénesis experimental de glándula submandibular de rata podrían representar parámetros reproducibles de transformaciones malignas transferibles al ser humano, dada la alta homología de estos oncogenes entre rata, ratones...(AU)

Early phenotypic and genotypic alterations in submandibular gland oncogenesis in rats

Se evaluaron modificaciones del fenotipo y genotipo en glándulas submandibulares durante el desarrollo temprano de la tumorogénesis. Glándulas submandibulares de ratas macho fueron inyectadas con una solución de 0.5 por ciento de 9,10 dimetil 1,2-benzathracene (DMBA) diluida en acetona. Muestras de glándulas fueron analizadas mediante técnicas histológicas, bioquímicas, inmunocitoquímicas y por PCR a los 0, 7, 30 y 150 días postinyección. Para los estudios histopatológicos se utilizó la técnica de hematoxilina-eosina. Se determinó la concentración de proteínas totales por el método de Lowry y se realizaron corridas electroforéticas en gel de poliacrilamida SDS-PAGE al 12 por ciento para determinar el perfil proteico. Se realizó inmunomarcación para Bcl-2 con oro coloidal-plata y para p53 por streptavidina-biotina. Todos los animales tratados desarrollaron cambios similares a carcinomas a los 30 y 150 días. La concentracióan de proteínas totales aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) a los 7, 30 y 150 días en relación a los controles. En glándulas inducidas la inmunomarcación fue positiva para la proteína p53 en núcleos de células neoplásicas a los 30 y 150 días. En las mismas glándulas, la marcación citoplasmática de Bcl-2 fue positiva a los 7, 30 y 150 días(p=0,0015) y en relación a los controles (p<0,0001). No se observaron mutaciones de p53, mientras que se observó una mutación puntual, C A del gen bcl-2 a los 7, 30 y 150 días que generó un cambio de aminoácidos en la proteína (thre asn). Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cambios histopatológicos tempranos corresponden a modificaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas de las proteínas. Las modificaciones observadas a nivel histopatológico, bioquímico, inmunocitoquímico y genético en la carcinomgénesis experimental de glándula submandibular de rata podrían representar parámetros reproducibles de transformaciones malignas transferibles al ser humano, dada la alta homología de estos oncogenes entre rata, ratones...(AU)

Effect of low-power radiation (helium/neon) upon submandibulary glands.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the effect of low-power laser radiation on guinea pig salivary glands. BACKGROUND DATA: Low-power laser radiation changes some cellular functions. The effect on salivary glands has not been sufficiently studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-four male guinea pigs (150 +/- 30 g body weight) were used. The animals were divided into two groups: control group (fed animals and those undergoing 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 h of fasting) and experimental group (irradiated). Both the right and left submandibular glands were later irradiated with helium-neon laser at 7-mW power, with a 0.75-mm spot, under continuous pulse for 2 min in a one-session exposure; a 11.2 J/cm(2) energy density was applied. Then, the irradiated animals were fed, or underwent 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12 h of fasting. Samples of submandibular glands were taken with a punch (5 mm diameter) and were used for optic and transmission electron microscopy studies. RESULTS: The structural observations showed that the irradiation effect was progressive; and showed a trophic stimulant effect at 2 h following irradiation, with vasodilatation, vascular congestion, perivascular infiltrate, and a necrotic picture of glandular parenchyma at longer times. The ultrastructural observations showed alterations of rough endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSION: We propose that low-power laser radiation with the doses applied in this study disturbs protein synthesis and secretion of guinea pig submandibulary glands.

Caracterización estructural y citoquimica de las glandulas salivales de ratas adrenalectomizadas / Structural and cytochemical characterization of the salivary glands of adrenalectomized rats

Considerando que el rol de ciertas hormonas adrenales sobre las glándulas salivales no ha sido suficientemente aclarado, decidimos el estudio de los cambios estructurales y citoquímicos que la adrenalectomía causa sobre estos órganos. El estudo estructural y citoquímico en submaxilar muestra modificaciones del parénquima glandular. Estos cambios se mantienen desde 7 hasta 45 días. No se encouetran alteraciones significativas en sublingual. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que se producirían modificaciones en los productos de secreción de estas glándulas

Caracterización estructural y citoquimica de las glandulas salivales de ratas adrenalectomizadas / Structural and cytochemical characterization of the salivary glands of adrenalectomized rats

Considerando que el rol de ciertas hormonas adrenales sobre las glándulas salivales no ha sido suficientemente aclarado, decidimos el estudio de los cambios estructurales y citoquímicos que la adrenalectomía causa sobre estos órganos. El estudo estructural y citoquímico en submaxilar muestra modificaciones del parénquima glandular. Estos cambios se mantienen desde 7 hasta 45 días. No se encouetran alteraciones significativas en sublingual. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que se producirían modificaciones en los productos de secreción de estas glándulas (AU)