[An analysis of avoidable admissions to a neurology service]. / Análisis de los ingresos evitables en un servicio de neurología.

INTRODUCTION: Inappropriate admissions to a hospital service generate unnecessary costs for our health care service. Most admissions to a hospital service come from the emergency department. The presence of a neurologist to attend hospital emergencies would be an important factor allowing admission criteria to be streamlined. AIMS: To determine the number of avoidable admissions (AA) in a neurology service, and to define their characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective, descriptive study of the admissions that took place in the Neurology Service of the Hospital General Universitario de Elche (Alicante) over a period of three months. The neurologist determines whether admission is indicated or not. We collected demographic data concerning the patient, the admission diagnosis, neurological diagnosis, the reason for appropriateness and the reason for AA. RESULTS: A total of 250 admissions were attended; 65 were considered to be AA (26%). The most frequent diagnoses in the cases of AA were non-neurological (32.3%), clinical findings (15.4%), neuropathies (10.8%) and epilepsy (10.8%). The reasons leading to AA were non-neurological and transfer to another service (30.8%), follow-up by neurology outpatient department (NOD) (29.2%), NOD study (21.5%), non-neurological and discharge (16.9%) and not specified (1.5%). The mean length of stay in the case of AA was 4.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The number of AA in our service is higher than that found in other studies. On-duty neurologists, streamlining outpatient diagnostic testing and the design of flexible schedules for outpatient care would reduce the amount of resources that are used, while at the same time increasing the quality of the health service.

Análisis de los ingresos evitables en un servicio de neurología / An analysis of avoidable admissions to a neurology service

Introducción. Los ingresos inadecuados a un servicio hospitalariogeneran costes innecesarios a nuestro sistema de salud.La mayoría de ingresos en un servicio hospitalario procede delárea de urgencias. La presencia de un neurólogo que atienda lasurgencias hospitalarias constituiría un factor importante pararacionalizar los criterios de hospitalización. Objetivos. Determinarel número de ingresos evitables (IE) en un servicio de neurologíaasí como definir las características de éstos. Pacientes y métodos.Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de los ingresos realizados enel Servicio de Neurología del Hospital General Universitario deElche (Alicante) durante tres meses. El neurólogo determina laindicación de ingreso. Se recogen los datos de filiación del paciente,el diagnóstico del ingreso, el diagnóstico del neurólogo, el motivode adecuación y el motivo de IE. Resultados. Se atendieron untotal de 250 ingresos; 65 se consideraron IE (26%). Los diagnósticosmás frecuentes de los IE fueron: no neurológico (32,3%), síntomasy signos (15,4%), neuropatías (10,8%) y epilepsia (10,8%).Los motivos de IE fueron: no neurológico y traslado de servicio(30,8%), seguimiento en consultas externas de neurología (CEN)(29,2%), estudio en CEN (21,5%), no neurológico y alta (16,9%) yno consta (1,5%). Los IE tuvieron una estancia media de 4,3 días.Conclusiones. El número de IE en nuestro servicio es más elevadoque en otros estudios. La disponibilidad de guardias de neurología,la agilización de la realización ambulatoria de pruebasdiagnósticas y el diseño de agendas flexibles de asistencia ambulatoriasupondrían una reducción en la utilización de recursos, yaumentaría la calidad del servicio asistencial

Introduction. Inappropriate admissions to a hospital service generate unnecessary costs for our health care service.Most admissions to a hospital service come from the emergency department. The presence of a neurologist to attend hospitalemergencies would be an important factor allowing admission criteria to be streamlined. Aims. To determine the number ofavoidable admissions (AA) in a neurology service, and to define their characteristics. Patients and methods. We conducted aprospective, descriptive study of the admissions that took place in the Neurology Service of the Hospital General Universitariode Elche (Alicante) over a period of three months. The neurologist determines whether admission is indicated or not. Wecollected demographic data concerning the patient, the admission diagnosis, neurological diagnosis, the reason for appropriatenessand the reason for AA. Results. A total of 250 admissions were attended; 65 were considered to be AA (26%). The mostfrequent diagnoses in the cases of AA were non-neurological (32.3%), clinical findings (15.4%), neuropathies (10.8%) andepilepsy (10.8%). The reasons leading to AA were non-neurological and transfer to another service (30.8%), follow-up byneurology outpatient department (NOD) (29.2%), NOD study (21.5%), non-neurological and discharge (16.9%) and notspecified (1.5%). The mean length of stay in the case of AA was 4.3 days. Conclusions. The number of AA in our service ishigher than that found in other studies. On-duty neurologists, streamlining outpatient diagnostic testing and the design offlexible schedules for outpatient care would reduce the amount of resources that are used, while at the same time increasingthe quality of the health service

[A descriptive study of intrahospital consultation to a neurological department]. / Estudio descriptivo de las interconsultas realizadas a un servicio de neurología.

INTRODUCTION: Intrahospital consultation (IC) is a little analyzed activity within daily neurologist hospital care. It entails an extra investment of time and resources. This study aims to describe the number and characteristics of the IC to a neurological department in our setting and to emphasize its importance within daily neurological health care. METHODS: We performed an eighteen-month retrospective study of the requests for consultations received during this period in the Neurology Service of the Hospital General Universitario. The following variables were analyzed: demographic information, number and type of IC, time of response, syndromic diagnosis, complementary tests requested and resolution of patients. RESULTS: 224 IC in 210 patients were seen. The average time of response was 1.57 days, although it was modified because of type of IC (normal: 1.7 days; for preference: 1.5 days; urgent: 0.2 days). The specialities that requested most consultations were cardiology (12.9%) and internal medicine (12.5 %). The most frequent reasons for consultation were: signs and symptoms (27.2%), focal neurological deficit (22.8%) and cognitive impairment (17.9%). CT scan and MRI were the most common complementary tests. A total of 25.4% of patients were referred to neurology outpatient clinic for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: IC is an infrastudied activity in the literature. We consider it necessary to analyze this kind of care in every hospital in order to improve the organization and the planning of the day-to-day hospital activity

Estudio descriptivo de las interconsultas realizadas a un servicio de neurología / A descriptive study of intrahospital consultation to a neurological department

Introducción. Las interconsultas (IC) son una actividad poco analizada dentro del quehacer diario del neurólogo que desempeña su actividad en el hospital. Supone una inversión «extra» de tiempo y recursos. Nuestro objetivo es el de describir en nuestro medio el número y las características de las IC atendidas y destacar la importancia de las mismas en la labor asistencial diaria del servicio. Métodos. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las IC atendidas en el Hospital General durante un período de 18 meses. Se recogieron las variables demográficas, número de IC, tipo de IC, la demora de respuesta y datos de los pacientes referentes a patologías atendidas, pruebas solicitadas y destino de los mismos. Resultados. Se realizaron 224 IC pertenecientes a 210 pacientes. El tiempo medio de respuesta fue de 1,57 días, aunque éste fue variable en función de la urgencia de la solicitud (normal: 1,7 días; preferente: 1,5 días; urgente: 0,2 días). Las especialidades más consultoras fueron cardiología (12,9%) y medicina interna (12,5%). Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes fueron: síntomas y signos (27,2%), focalidad neurológica (22,8 %) y trastorno cognitivo (17,9 %). La prueba más solicitada fue la tomografía computarizada craneal seguida de la resonancia magnética cerebral. Tras la IC, el 25,4% de los pacientes fueron remitidos a consultas externas para seguimiento. Conclusiones. La actividad de las IC es un tema poco tratado en la literatura. Consideramos necesario analizar en cada ámbito este tipo de actividad de modo que se consiga una mejor planificación del trabajo asistencial hospitalario (AU)

Introduction: Intrahospital consultation (IC) is a little analyzed activity within daily neurologist hospital care. It entails an extra investment of time and resources. This study aims to describe the number and characteristics of the IC to a neurological department in our setting and to emphasize its importance within daily neurological health care. Methods: We performed an eighteen-month retrospective study of the requests for consultations received during this period in the Neurology Service of the Hospital General Universitario. The following variables were analyzed: demographic information, number and type of IC, time of response, syndromic diagnosis, complementary tests requested and resolution of patients. Results: 224 IC in 210 patients were seen. The average time of response was 1.57 days, although it was modified because of type of IC (normal: 1.7 days; for preference: 1.5 days; urgent: 0.2 days). The specialities that requested most consultations were cardiology (12.9%) and internal medicine (12.5 %). The most frequent reasons for consultation were: signs and symptoms (27.2%), focal neurological deficit (22.8%) and cognitive impairment (17.9%). CT scan and MRI were the most common complementary tests. A total of 25.4% of patients were referred to neurology outpatient clinic for follow-up. Conclusions: IC is an infrastudied activity in the literature. We consider it necessary to analyze this kind of care in every hospital in order to improve the organization and the planning of the day-to-day hospital activity (AU)

Unsuspected rhabdomyolysis associated with phenytoin.

CASE SUMMARY: A case of rhabdomyolysis, in which the etiology could be associated with phenytoin administration is presented and guidelines are described which may assist the early recognition, treatment and prevention of renal failure when such patients are treated in intensive care units. A 46-year-old white man experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure at home lasting approximately two minutes. The patient presented with similar crises when seen by the emergency services and had a neurological status of seven points on the Glasgow scale. He was intubated orotracheally and mechanically ventilated. Administration of a 1,250 mg loading dose of phenytoin in 250 ml 0.9% sodium chloride injection were administered intravenously according to guidelines approved by the hospital. These require administration of the loading dose over 30 - 60 minutes followed by phenytoin 150 mg/8 h i.v. administered as a drip diluted in 0.9% NaCl 50 ml over 30 - 60 minutes. Obtained plasma levels were within the therapeutic range but on Day 3 the level of creatine kinase (CK) increased. We initiated treatment to prevent renal failure but the level doubled daily reaching a peak of 54,000 U/I on the fifth day. It was suspected that the increase in CK was due to the treatment with phenytoin which was stopped and replaced by valproic acid 500 mg/8 h orally. The cumulative total dose of phenytoin was 3,050 mg. The subsequent serial determinations of CK showed a decrease beginning on the day phenytoin was stopped and levels falling to 14,229 U/l on the day the patient left the ICU. The patient had no recurrence of the convulsive episodes after the day of admission. In the neurology ward, the patient recovered satisfactorily and the CK value gradually returned to normal. The patient was asymptomatic when released on the ninth day. DISCUSSION: The most likely cause of the rhabdomyolysis was phenytoin treatment because of the close temporal relationship between exposure to the drug and onset of symptoms and the rapid resolution of the symptoms and signs after phenytoin was discontinued. An objective causality assessment concluded that a possible adverse drug reaction had occurred.

[Riluzole as a treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. / Riluzol como tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica.

INTRODUCTION: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a disease characterized by the selective degeneracy of the superior motoneurons of the cortex motor and of the inferior motoneurons at level of the encephalic trunk and spinal marrow. Exist sporadic and familiar forms, being estimated an incidence of 1-2 cases by 100,000 inhabitants. The cause of the neuronal degeneracy is yet unknown, being implied, between other mechanisms, the glutamic exotoxicity is the responsible for the death neuronal. The riluzol is a benzothiazole derivative whose neuroprotector mechanism still it has not been totally clarified, though seems that reduces the neuroexcitatory action of the glutamic acid blocking his transmission. DEVELOPMENT: Two clinical trials have been accomplished with similar characteristics: multicentre, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled. Between both studies have been included more than 1,100 patient, obtained significant statistic results in the prolongation of the survival time, however this effect was not going accompanied of an improvement in the muscular force neither of the pulmonary capacity, what is translated in which the riluzol does not modify the quality of life of the patient. The drug presents good tolerance and mild adverse effects and as consequence of this in 1996, the FDA approved his marketing and utilization in the treatment of the ALS. The approval of the riluzol as first agent for the treatment of the ALS has raised an important number of problems about the efficiency and cost of the treatment. CONCLUSION: Though its benefits are modest, it is considered a starting point in the pharmacotherapy of the ALS.