[Effect of age and radiation exposure on the frequency of translocations and dicentrics detected by FISH method in human lymphocytes]. / Vliianie vozrasta i oblucheniia na chastotu translokatsii i ditsentrikov, opredeliaemykh metodom FISH, v limfotsitakh cheloveka.

The frequencies of translocations and dicentrics detected by "chromosome painting" in lymphocytes were estimated in 115 healthy donors and in 273 people exposed to uncontrolled irradiation at low doses 1-4 years ago. Age responses of both types of exchanges at the age range from 3 to 85 years fit to quadratic model. The frequency of translocations grew faster with age than the frequency of dicentrics. The yields of stable exchanges in exposed people was significantly higher than those in control donors of corresponding ages.

[Concentration of heavy elements and their compounds in the cells from BALF and pulmonary tumors in radiation-exposed subjects]. / Soderzhanie tiazhelykh élementov i ikh soedinenii v kletkakh bronkhoaal'veoliarnykh smyvov i v tkaniakh opukholei legkikh u lits, podvergavshikhsia radiatsionnomu vozdeistviiu.

AIM: Measurement of heavy elements in alveolar macrophages (AM) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pulmonary tumor tissue (PTT); investigation of spacial distribution of the heavy particles in the tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser mass-spectrometry estimated quantitative and qualitative characteristics of heavy elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zr, etc.) in diagnostic and therapeutic BAL of 6 patients exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl accident and in pulmonary tumor tissue of patients operated for central small-cell and peripheral bronchoalveolar cancer who also had been exposed to radiation after the Chernobyl. RESULTS: Heavy elements concentration in the secondary BAL was less than in the primary one. This shows effectiveness of the procedures aimed at removal of heavy particles from the respiratory organs. Heavy elements content was quite different in two histologically different tumors. CONCLUSION: Laser mass-spectrometry proved its usefulness in simultaneous study of the quantity and quality of heavy elements in AM of BAL and tumors in radiation-exposed subjects, in investigation of the elements distribution in the pulmonary tissues and changes of elements composition in the tissues in the course of tumors development.

[Cytological characteristics, elemental composition of alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage, lung pathology in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl power plant]. / Tsitologicheskie osobennosti, élementnyi sostav al'veoliarnykh makrofagov bronkhoal'veoliarnykh smyvov, patomorfologiia legkikh u likvidatorob posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), broncho- and transbronchial biopsies were examined in Chernobyl wreckers eleven years after the accident. Cytologically and electron-microscopically, there was predominance of alveolar macrophages (AM) with many cytoplasmic foreign bodies containing clear needle-like crystals. Roentgenospectral analysis and laser mass-spectrometry revealed chemical elements which are part of non-active "hot particles" (Al, Si, Ca, Fe) as well as reactor fuel elements and the station constructive materials which are the active part of "hot particles". Programmed BALF allowed to decrease cytosis and the amount of AM containing foreign-body particles as well as concentration of the majority of chemical elements in AM.

[The estimation of the level of mutations at the glycophorin A locus in subjects exposed to the chronic action of ionizing radiation]. / Otsenka urovnia mutatsii v lokuse glikoforina A u lits, podvergavshikhsia khronicheskomu vozdeistviiu ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

11 persons, who had been irradiated chronically at low dose rate under occupational conditions in 1950s in doses 220-581 cGy according data of individual film dosimeters, and 5 control persons were examined regarding the level of glycophorin A (GPA) mutation type NO and NN in blood erythrocytes. Significantly higher level of GPA mutations type NO was registered in average in the group of exposed persons (23.2 +/- 4.6 x 10(-6)) compared with the control group (10.2 +/- 2.1 x 10(-6)) through the dose dependence was expressed slightly. The coefficient of the linear regression has equaled (2.3 +/- 1.2 x 10(-6)) Gy. The outlook on GPA assay usage in retrospective biodosimetry is discussed.

[Single cycles of direct and reverse enzymatic reaction illustrated by malate dehydrogenase]. / Edinichnye tsikly priamoi i obratnoi fermentativnoi reaktsii na primere malatdegidrogenazy.

Changes in the duration of self tryptophane fluorescence of soluble cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (MDG) and kinetics of chemical transformation in the course of single cycles of direct and reversible reaction L-malate in equilibrium with oxalacetate were recorded. MDG was shown to catalyse the direct and reversible reactions at different conformational states. The reaction coordinates for direct and reversible processes do not coincide in this case.

Parvalbumin conformers revealed by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.

The binding of calcium to whiting (one tryptophan residue) and pike (one tyrosine residue) parvalbumins has been studied by means of kinetic and steady-state fluorescence techniques. The decay curves of the tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence of the parvalbumins are best fitted by a sum of two exponents for any metal state of the proteins. The data can be interpreted as a nonexponential decay of the fluorescence of a single-type chromophore or in terms of equilibria between compact and relaxed conformers of the parvalbumins in each metal state. Fluorescence quenching by I-ions and effects of H2O/D2O substitution confirm the second interpretation. The constants of the equilibria have been evaluated.