Hi-C analysis of genomic contacts revealed karyotype abnormalities in chicken HD3 cell line.

BACKGROUND: Karyotype abnormalities are frequent in immortalized continuous cell lines either transformed or derived from primary tumors. Chromosomal rearrangements can cause dramatic changes in gene expression and affect cellular phenotype and behavior during in vitro culture. Structural variations of chromosomes in many continuous mammalian cell lines are well documented, but chromosome aberrations in cell lines from other vertebrate models often remain understudied. The chicken LSCC-HD3 cell line (HD3), generated from erythroid precursors, was used as an avian model for erythroid differentiation and lineage-specific gene expression. However, karyotype abnormalities in the HD3 cell line were not assessed. In the present study, we applied high-throughput chromosome conformation capture to analyze 3D genome organization and to detect chromosome rearrangements in the HD3 cell line. RESULTS: We obtained Hi-C maps of genomic interactions for the HD3 cell line and compared A/B compartments and topologically associating domains between HD3 and several other cell types. By analysis of contact patterns in the Hi-C maps of HD3 cells, we identified more than 25 interchromosomal translocations of regions ≥ 200 kb on both micro- and macrochromosomes. We classified most of the observed translocations as unbalanced, leading to the formation of heteromorphic chromosomes. In many cases of microchromosome rearrangements, an entire microchromosome together with other macro- and microchromosomes participated in the emergence of a derivative chromosome, resembling "chromosomal fusions'' between acrocentric microchromosomes. Intrachromosomal inversions, deletions and duplications were also detected in HD3 cells. Several of the identified simple and complex chromosomal rearrangements, such as between GGA2 and GGA1qter; GGA5, GGA4p and GGA7p; GGA4q, GGA6 and GGA19; and duplication of the sex chromosome GGAW, were confirmed by FISH. CONCLUSIONS: In the erythroid progenitor HD3 cell line, in contrast to mature and immature erythrocytes, the genome is organized into distinct topologically associating domains. The HD3 cell line has a severely rearranged karyotype with most of the chromosomes engaged in translocations and can be used in studies of genome structure-function relationships. Hi-C proved to be a reliable tool for simultaneous assessment of the spatial genome organization and chromosomal aberrations in karyotypes of birds with a large number of microchromosomes.

First Description of the Fur of Two Cubs of Fossil Cave Lion Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) Found in Yakutia in 2017 and 2018.

The first description of well-preserved fur of one male and one female cubs of the fossil cave lion Panthera spelaea (finds of 2017-2018, Semyuelyakh River, Yakutia, Russia) is presented in comparison with the fur of two cubs (a male and a female) of the extant African lion P. leo and adult lions of both species: the color, differentiation, configuration, microstructure, and internal design of hair of different categories are considered. The coat of the cave lion is similar but not identical to that of the African lion, because it contains a high thick undercoat of spiral-shaped thick and airy down hair. This difference is most pronounced in the cave lion cubs, in which, however, the fur is not differentiated to the same extent as in the adult. The microstructure of hair is species-specific and subject to intraspecific age-related variability. Adaptive features of the hair structure in the cave lion are noted.

Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets.

We experimentally study the structure and dynamics of magnetic domains in synthetic antiferromagnets based on Co/Ru/Co films. Dramatic effects arise from the interaction among the topological defects comprising the dual domain walls in these structures. Under applied magnetic fields, the dual domain walls propagate following the dynamics of bi-meronic (bi-vortex/bi-antivortex) topological defects built in the walls. Application of an external field triggers a rich dynamical response: The propagation depends on mutual orientation and chirality of bi-vortices and bi-antivortices in the domain walls. For certain configurations, we observe sudden jumps of composite domain walls in increasing field, which are associated with the decay of composite skyrmions. These features allow for the enhanced control of domain-wall motion in synthetic antiferromagnets with the potential of employing them as information carriers in future logic and storage devices.

[An integrative basis of negative disorders of cognition in schizophrenia]. / Integrativnaia osnova negativnykh rasstroistv poznavatel'noi deiatel'nosti pri shizofrenii.

Based on the pathopsychological analysis, the author suggests a hypothesis of integrative basis of negative disorders of cognition in schizophrenia. The disorders are proposed to be related to the infringement of the general principle of CNS functioning - the domination of the process unifying cognitive, subjective-psychological, neurophysiological components of individuality.

An approach to growth of Fe-Si multilayers with controlled composition profile-a way to exchange coupled thin films.

The growth, composition and structure of sandwich structures (Fe-rich layer/Si-rich layer/Fe-rich silicide layer) grown on a Si(111) surface were studied by a few complementary microscopic and spectroscopic techniques with high spatial resolution. Intermixing at the Fe/Si and Si/Fe interfaces is demonstrated. Fe-rich layers grown directly on the Si(111) surface are crystalline and have abrupt but rough interfaces at both sides. The succeeding layers are disordered and their interfaces are fuzzy. The distributions of Fe and Si within the layers are laterally non-uniform. The reproducible fabrication of thin non-magnetic silicide spacers of predetermined thickness is demonstrated. Sandwich structures with such spacers exhibit exchange coupling between ferromagnetic Fe-rich layers.

New data on the internal organs of a frozen Yukagir bison mummy (Bison priscus Bojanus, 1827), Yakutia, Russia.

The paper presents the first morphological description of the internal organs of a frozen corpse of the steppe bison Bison priscus (Bojanus, 1827) from the Holocene of northern Yakutia. Necropsy revealed that most of the internal organs, including the brain, heart with the main vessels, and reproductive system were well preserved. It demonstrated that the anatomy of this bison was close to that of the genera Bos and Bison. Trauma or pathological changes in the organs were not detected. The cause of death of the bison remains unknown.

[Molecular-genetic analysis of the field isolates of avian leucosis viruses in the Russian Federation].

Results of monitoring of different subtypes of avian leukosis virus (ALV) from commercial poultry farms in 14 regions of Russian Federation were discussed. Only three regions were found to be negative. ALV was detected in other 11 regions in 46-64% cases (for different regions). The phylogenetic analysis of the genomes for the 12 field isolates of ALV was carried out in different regions of Russian Federation. The isolates belong to different subtypes of the virus and form two large groups. The genomic differences between Russian and foreign isolates within each group range from 5% to 10%.

[Influence of granulated bacterial preparation complex action on the growth and yield of barley].

The influence of granulated bacterial preparation of complex action on the growth and yield of barley (H. distichum L.) has been studied. The treatment of barley seeds by this preparation has been established to have a very significant effect on the mass of 1000 grains, grain natural weight and to increase the yield of plants, but to different degree. Consequently, the interaction of certain barley varieties with bacteria-components of the preparation is rather specific. It has been displayed that the treatment of grains of different barley varieties by the bacterial preparation takes a very significant influence on the function of microbial associations in the rhizosphere.

[Application of compression equipment using the "form memory" effect and super-elasticity of titanium nickelide in surgery for rectal cancer].

The study is concerned with development of equipment for forming circular compression intestinal anastomosis using the "form memory" effect and super-elasticity of titanium nickelide. A sequence of technological operations is suggested, experimental tests and clinical trials carried out and immediate and end-results for anterior resection in rectal cancer are evaluated. Compression equipment for forming colorectal anastomosis proved reliable in long-term operation.

[Use of compression suturing device for colorectal anastomoses].

78 patients with rectal cancer were operated on with the use of a new-generation compression suturing device for colorectal anastomosis. There were no complications and deaths postoperatively. Long-term follow-up revealed no contractures of the anastomotic zone. All patient demonstrated a satisfactory quality of life index after 6 months postoperatively.

[Experience with using anterior resections in the surgery of rectum].

A retrospective analysis of direct results of anterior resections of the rectum fulfilled for cancer is presented. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the methods of forming colorectal anastomoses: manual nodular, compression-mechanical method using apparatus AKA-2, 4 and a compressive method with apparatuses on the basis of the effect of memory of the form in the titanium nikelide alloy. Advantages of using compressive apparatuses are shown as well as the reliability of compressive colorectal anastomoses.

[The effect of Furolan on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of ripening winter wheat grain].

The effects of the preparation Furolan, (2-furyl-2)-1,3-dioxolane, on the degree of mRNA polyadenylation and the pattern of protein synthesis in the ripening grain of several soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were studied. It was demonstrated that Furolan stabilized mRNA in a cultivar-specific manner, thereby accelerating to various degrees the biochemical processes taking place in the ripening grain. Of the wheat cultivars studied, Krasnodarskaya 99 was the most responsive cultivar with respect to a set of changes in nucleic-protein metabolism; the cultivar Deya was next followed by the cultivar Bat'ko. The cultivar Kroshka did not respond to the treatment with Furolan. The cultivar specificity of this preparation allows its practical application to be optimized.

[Aseptic primary-delayed T-type large intestine anastomosis in urgent surgery of the colon].

Experimental studies were carried out on 18 mongrel dogs and 20 cadaver intestinal organ complexes. Possibility of creation of aseptic primary-delayed T-type large intestine end-to-side anastomosis with nickel-titan implants is demonstrated. This closed anastomosis creation was used in surgical treatment of 14 patients with obturation large-intestinal tumor obstruction and demonstrated good short-term clinical results.

[Urgent resection of the colon with compressive anastomosis and afferent colostoma].

Thirty patients with colon disease in need of urgent surgery have undergone resection of the colon with formation of terminal afferent colostomy and compressive colon-colon anastomosis using oval and linear nikelid-titanium implants. Complications were seen in 6 (20%) patients, lethality was 6,7% due to multiorgan failure in the presence of generalized peritonitis. There were no complications due to colon-colon anastomosis. The above method permits one to reduce surgical trauma of future reconstructive surgeries.

[Physicochemical properties of two-component polyhydroxyalkanoates based on 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate]. / Fisiko-khimicheskie svoistva dvukhkomponentnykh--3-gidroksibutirata i 3-gidroksivalerata poligidroksialkanoatov.

A series of two-component polyhydroxyalkanoates consisting of hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate monomer at different ratios were synthesized using the bacterium Ralstonia eutropha B5786. The properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates were compared with those of the homopolymer of hydroxybutyric acid by X-ray structure analysis, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and viscosimetry. With an increase in the molar fraction of hydroxyvalerate, an equalization of the ratio of the crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer was observed. The degree of crystallinity of the polymer decreased from 70-80 to 45-50%; in the range of an increase in the hydroxyvalerate molar fraction from several to 25-30 mol%, the dependence was linear. The temperature characteristics, the melting temperature (T(m)), and the degradation temperature (T(d)) were lower in polyhydroxyalkanoates than in polyhydroxybutyrate, for which T(m) and T(d) were 168-170 and 260-265 degrees C, respectively. In the copolymer, as the molar fraction of hydroxyvalerate grew, both parameters decreased. In the range of variation of monomer ratio studied, they decreased to 150-160 and 200-220 degrees C, respectively. No distinct correlation between the composition of the polymer and its molecular mass was found.

[Percutaneous laser denervation of the zygapophyseal joints in the pain facet syndrome]. / Chreskozhnaia lazernaia denervatsiia dugootrostchatykh sustavov pri bolevom faset syndrome

Percutaneous laser denervation of archoappendicular joints in spinal pain was made in 15 patients from a study group. Percutaneous high-frequency denervation of archoappendicular joints was performed in a control group consisting of 15 patients with facet syndrome. A preoperative protocol for each patient included at least two diagnostic segmental blocks. A surgical intervention was morphologically substantiated during an experiment; the most optimum surgery protocol was chosen. Destruction was performed by 0.97-micron laser radiation for 4-6 sec at 5-10 W. The number of cases of a complete or partial pain regression, the duration of its impact, side effects and complications were determined. Of the 15 patients from the study group, 8 and 6 patients were observed to have a complete and significant pain regression (more than 50% of the baseline). No effect was achieved in one patient. The similar results were obtained in the control group. There were no postoperative infectious complications in the patients of both groups; transient pain dysesthesia was registered in one case. The findings have led to the conclusion that laser denervation of archoappendicular joints is effective in the pain facet syndrome.

[Effect of platinum derivatives on microsomal NADPH-oxidoreductase activity]. / Vliianie proizvodnykh platiny na aktivnost' mikrosomnykh NADPH-oksidoreduktaz.

The influence of platinum derivatives, cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) and imidazolplatin (cis-diimidazoledichloroplatinum) on the activity of rat liver microsomal NADPH-oxidoreductases was investigated in vitro using spectrophotometrical and chemiluminometrical methods. In the range of concentrations from 1 to 12 microM cisplatin inhibited NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase activity and NADPH/lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of microsomes. The 3 microM cisplatin decreased the NADPH-dependent reductase activity by 50%. At concentrations less than 2.5 mM sanazole (drug AK-2123) did not prevent the inhibiting influence of cisplatin on microsomal NADPH-dependent reductases. Imidazolplatin insignificantly inhibited NADPH-reductases. It is concluded that negligible inhibiting effect of imidazolplatin on microsomal NADPH-oxidoreductase allows us to consider this platinum derivative as a promising compound for further experimental trials as anticancer drug with low toxic action on the normal tissues of an organism.

[Classification of physical exercise]. / K voprosu o klassifikatsii fizicheskikh uprazhnenii.

Physical exercises are a major mean of therapeutical physical conditioning. Since muscle activity forms the basis for physical exercises, their classification should be based on the criteria and signs which characterize muscle performance (the type of muscle contraction, oxygen uptake, intensity, etc.) and affect the human body. It is necessary to make a classification of physical exercises on the basis of the major signs characterizing muscle activity in order to improve a learning process and physicians' professional activity.