Marchiafava-Bignami disease in a patient with schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder.

Substance-related disorders are the most frequent comorbidity in schizophrenia. Concretely, alcohol is the most commonly consumed substance after tobacco. Patients with schizophrenia with this comorbidity have a worse clinical course and can develop serious neuropsychiatric complications. One of them, Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) can be incorrectly diagnosed as a decompensation of their mental disorder.

NOTA CLÍNICA: Enfermedad deMarchiafava-Bignami en un paciente con esquizofrenia y trastorno por uso de alcohol / CLINICAL NOTE: Marchiafava-Bignami disease in a patient with schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder

Introducción: Los trastornos por abuso de sustancias sonla comorbilidad más frecuente en la esquizofrenia, siendo elalcohol, concretamente, la sustancia más frecuentementeconsumida tras el tabaco. Los pacientes con esquizofreniaque presentan esta comorbilidad presentan una peor evolución clínica y pueden desarrollar graves complicaciones neuropsiquiátricas. Una de ellas, la enfermedad de Marchiafava-Bignami (EMB), puede ser erróneamente diagnosticadacomo una descompensación del trastorno mental, conllevando graves consecuencias.Método. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 51 años,diagnosticado de esquizofrenia y trastorno por consumode alcohol. Experimentó síntomas neuropsiquiátricos agudos por los que se sospechó una descompensación de suesquizofrenia. Dada la presentación clínica atípica y susantecedentes médicos, se sospechó una patología orgánicay se realizó una prueba de imagen cerebral en la que sediagnosticó una EMB.Conclusiones. La EMB es una entidad clínica infrecuenteque debe formar parte del diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de alcohol que experimenten síntomas neuropsiquiátricos atípicos. (AU)

Introduction: Substance-related disorders are the mostfrequent comorbidity in schizophrenia. Concretely, alcohol isthe most commonly consumed substance after tobacco. Patients with schizophrenia with this comorbidity have a worseclinical course and can develop serious neuropsychiatriccomplications. One of them, Marchiafava-Bignami disease(MBD) can be incorrectly diagnosed as a decompensation oftheir mental disorder.Methods. A case of a 51-year-old man, diagnosed withschizophrenia and alcohol use disorder is presented. He experienced acute neuropsychiatric symptoms for which schizophrenia decompensation was suspected. Based on his atypical symptoms and medical history, a brain imaging test wasperformed and MBD was diagnosed.Conclusions. MBD is an infrequent clinical entity thatshould be part of differential diagnosis in patients with alcohol abuse disorder experiencing atypical neuropsychiatricsymptoms. (AU)

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: consideraciones sobre nosología, etiopatogenia y tratamiento en el siglo xxi / Eating disorders: considerations on nosology, etiology and treatment in the XXI century

Desde la primera conferencia internacional sobre los trastornos alimentarios, celebrada en los años 70, hasta la actualidad, el desarrollo de las ciencias médicas ha sido sorprendente. En el campo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) también se han producido cambios notables. En las fechas iniciales prácticamente solo se hacía mención de la anorexia nerviosa y sus posibles factores hipotalámicos y endocrinos; no había estudios epidemiológicos ni ensayos controlados con psicofármacos o psicoterapia. El panorama actual es bien diferente aunque hay carencias importantes que afectan a la propia nosografía de estas patologías, al conocimiento de sus bases neurobiológicas y a sus tratamientos, tanto farmacológicos como psicológicos. Teniendo en cuenta estas circunstancias, hacemos un breve sumario de las carencias existentes y planteamos la necesidad de encontrar endofenotipos que ayuden en la categorización e investigación de los TCA. Se hace mención a las aportaciones que desde otros campos hacen posible un avance más profundo en el conocimiento de los TCA. Específicamente se recurre al modelo adictivo, desde el cual la neuropsicología y los modelos animales pueden ofrecer datos trasladables a nuestro ámbito de conocimiento. Por último, se hace mención al estado actual de los tratamientos de los TCA y se señala desde qué perspectiva sería útil plantear mejoras(AU)

Amazing advances have been made in medical sciences since the first international conference on eating disorders (ED) was held in the 1970s, and there have been remarkable changes in the field of ED itself. Back then, virtually all that was talked about was anorexia nervosa; clinicians and researchers were mainly concerned about the possible hypothalamic and endocrine factors that seemed to be involved and there had been no epidemiological studies or controlled trials with psychiatric drugs or psychotherapy. Although the picture today is quite different, there are still significant gaps which even affect the classification of these disorders, as well as their neurobiological bases and both the pharmacological and psychological treatments which should be used. This paper gives a brief summary of these gaps and discusses the need to find endophenotypes which may help in categorising and directing research into these disorders. Mention is made of possible contributions from other fields for the benefit of greater progress in understanding eating disorders. Specific reference is made to the addictive model, out of which neuropsychology and animal models may provide data transferable to our area of expertise. Lastly, the current state of ED treatment is discussed with pointers as to from what perspective it would be most useful to seek improvements(AU)

[Eating disorders: Considerations on nosology, etiology and treatment in the XXI century]. / Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: consideraciones sobre nosología, etiopatogenia y tratamiento en el siglo XXI.

Amazing advances have been made in medical sciences since the first international conference on eating disorders (ED) was held in the 1970s, and there have been remarkable changes in the field of ED itself. Back then, virtually all that was talked about was anorexia nervosa; clinicians and researchers were mainly concerned about the possible hypothalamic and endocrine factors that seemed to be involved and there had been no epidemiological studies or controlled trials with psychiatric drugs or psychotherapy. Although the picture today is quite different, there are still significant gaps which even affect the classification of these disorders, as well as their neurobiological bases and both the pharmacological and psychological treatments which should be used. This paper gives a brief summary of these gaps and discusses the need to find endophenotypes which may help in categorising and directing research into these disorders. Mention is made of possible contributions from other fields for the benefit of greater progress in understanding eating disorders. Specific reference is made to the addictive model, out of which neuropsychology and animal models may provide data transferable to our area of expertise. Lastly, the current state of ED treatment is discussed with pointers as to from what perspective it would be most useful to seek improvements.