Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 89
Filtrar
2.
Neurogastroenterol Motil ; 36(4): e14751, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287443

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A previous exploratory study demonstrated the ability of the Lab4 probiotic to alleviate the symptoms of IBS, and post hoc data analysis indicated greatest improvements in the female subgroup. The aim of this study is to confirm the impact of this multistrain probiotic on IBS symptom severity in females. METHODS: An 8-week, single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, superiority study in 70 females with Rome IV-diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) receiving the Lab4 probiotic (25 billion colony-forming units) daily or a matched placebo. Changes from baseline in the IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS), daily bowel habits, anxiety, depression, IBS-related control, and avoidance behavior, executive function, and the fecal microbiota composition were assessed. The study was prospectively registered: ISRCTN 14866272 (registration date 20/07/22). KEY RESULTS: At the end of the study, there were significant between-group reductions in IBS-SSS (-85.0, p < 0.0001), anxiety and depression scores (-1.9, p = 0.0002 and -2.4, p < 0.0001, respectively), and the IBS-related control and avoidance behavior score (-7.5, p = 0.0002), all favoring the probiotic group. A higher proportion of the participants in the probiotic group had normal stool form (p = 0.0106) and/or fewer defecations with loose stool form (p = 0.0311). There was little impact on the overall diversity of the fecal microbiota but there were significant differences in Roseburia, Holdemanella, Blautia, Agathobacter, Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Anaerostipes between the probiotic and placebo groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Daily supplementation with this probiotic may represent an option to be considered in the management of IBS.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Probióticos , Humanos , Feminino , Resultado do Tratamento , Diarreia , Ansiedade/terapia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego
3.
Benef Microbes ; : 1-14, 2023 Apr 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37026364

RESUMO

There is a growing awareness that supplementation with probiotic bacteria can impart beneficial effects during gastrointestinal disease, but less is known about the impact of probiotics on healthy subjects. Here, we report the outcomes of a post hoc analysis of recorded daily gastrointestinal events and bowel habits completed by healthy adults participating in a placebo-controlled, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, quadruple-arm probiotic tolerability study. Extensive screening ensured the healthy status of subjects entering the study and during a 2-week pre-intervention run-in period, a burden of gastrointestinal events (stomach pains, indigestion, acid reflux, stomach tightening, nausea and vomiting, stomach rumbling, bloating, belching and flatulence) was identified suggesting GI discomfort within the population. In the subsequent 12-week intervention period with 3 distinct probiotic formulations and a matched-placebo, reductions in the incidence rates of bloating, borborygmus, stomach pains, slow faecal transit and incomplete defecations were observed in the probiotic groups compared to the placebo. These results highlighted differing responses among the probiotic formulations tested and indicated potential anti-constipation effects. Product specific modulations in circulating interleukin-6 levels and in the composition of the gut microbiota were also detected. Together, these data suggest a role for probiotic supplementation to exert beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal functioning of healthy subjects and highlight the need for further longer-term studies in healthy populations to gain a greater understanding of the impact of probiotics.

4.
Benef Microbes ; 12(5): 431-440, 2021 Oct 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34511049

RESUMO

In a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, healthy school children aged 3-10 years received a probiotic based supplement daily for 6 months to assess the impact on the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms. The intervention comprised Lab4 probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 and CUL60, Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CUL34) at 12.5 billion cfu/day plus 50 mg vitamin C or a matching placebo. 171 children were included in the analysis (85 in placebo and 86 in active group). Incidence of coughing was 16% (P=0.0300) significantly lower in the children receiving the active intervention compared to the placebo. No significant differences in the incidence rate of other URTI symptoms were observed. There was significantly lower risk of experiencing five different URTI related symptoms in one day favouring the active group (Risk ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.81, P=0.0163). Absenteeism from school and the use of antibiotics was also significantly reduced for those in the active group (-16%, P=0.0060 and -27%, P=0.0203, respectively). Our findings indicate that six months daily supplementation with the Lab4 probiotic and vitamin C combination reduces the incidence of coughing, absenteeism and antibiotic usage in 3 to 10 year old children.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Probióticos , Infecções Respiratórias , Antibacterianos , Bifidobacterium , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem
5.
Genomics ; 113(6): 4028-4038, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34391865

RESUMO

Draft genome sequences of the Lab4 probiotic consortium were deposited in Genbank: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis CUL34 (PRJNA482550), Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 (PRJNA559984), Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 (PRJNA482335), Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 (PRJNA482434). Probiogenomic analyses confirmed existing taxonomies and identified putative gene sequences that were functionally related to the performance of each organism during in vitro assessments of bile and acid tolerability, adherence to enterocytes and susceptibility to antibiotics. Genomic stability predictions identified no significant risk of gene acquisition of both antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. These observations were supported by acute phase and repeat dose tolerability studies in Wistar rats. High doses of Lab4 did not result in mortalities, clinical/histopathological abnormalities nor systemic toxicity. Increased faecal numbers of Lab4 in supplemented rats implied survival through the gastrointestinal tract and/or impact the intestinal microbiota composition. In summary, this study provides multifaceted support for probiotic functionality and the safety of the Lab4 consortium.


Assuntos
Bifidobacterium , Probióticos , Animais , Bifidobacterium/genética , Fezes/microbiologia , Lactobacillus acidophilus/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
6.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 5, 2021 01 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33408364

RESUMO

This 9-month randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled study (PROBE, ISRCTN18030882) assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation on bodyweight. Seventy overweight Bulgarian participants aged 45-65 years with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 received a daily dose of the Lab4P probiotic comprising lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (50 billion cfu/day). Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle over the duration of the study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in body weight and secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. A significant between group decrease in body weight (3.16 kg, 95% CI 3.94, 2.38, p < 0.0001) was detected favouring the probiotic group. Supplementation also resulted in significant between group decreases in waist circumference (2.58 cm, 95% CI 3.23, 1.94, p < 0.0001) and hip circumference (2.66 cm, 95% CI 3.28, 2.05, p < 0.0001) but no changes in blood pressure were observed. These findings support the outcomes of a previous shorter-term Lab4P intervention study in overweight and obese participants (PROMAGEN, ISRCTN12562026). We conclude that Lab4P has consistent weight modulation capability in free-living overweight adults.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Bifidobacterium , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Bulgária , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactobacillus , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Circunferência da Cintura/efeitos dos fármacos
7.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 4183, 2020 03 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32144319

RESUMO

In an exploratory, block-randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled superiority study (ISRCTN12562026, funded by Cultech Ltd), 220 Bulgarian participants (30 to 65 years old) with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 received Lab4P probiotic (50 billion/day) or a matched placebo for 6 months. Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle. Primary outcomes were changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), blood pressure and plasma lipids. Secondary outcomes were changes in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), the diversity of the faecal microbiota, quality of life (QoL) assessments and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Significant between group decreases in body weight (1.3 kg, p < 0.0001), BMI (0.045 kg/m2, p < 0.0001), WC (0.94 cm, p < 0.0001) and WtHR (0.006, p < 0.0001) were in favour of the probiotic. Stratification identified greater body weight reductions in overweight subjects (1.88%, p < 0.0001) and in females (1.62%, p = 0.0005). Greatest weight losses were among probiotic hypercholesterolaemic participants (-2.5%, p < 0.0001) alongside a significant between group reduction in small dense LDL-cholesterol (0.2 mmol/L, p = 0.0241). Improvements in QoL and the incidence rate ratio of URTI (0.60, p < 0.0001) were recorded for the probiotic group. No adverse events were recorded. Six months supplementation with Lab4P probiotic resulted in significant weight reduction and improved small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) profiles, QoL and URTI incidence outcomes in overweight/obese individuals.


Assuntos
Bifidobacterium/fisiologia , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/microbiologia , Sobrepeso/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrepeso/microbiologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Infecções Respiratórias , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Redução de Peso/fisiologia
8.
Benef Microbes ; 10(4): 437-447, 2019 Apr 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30827148

RESUMO

Neurodegeneration has been linked to changes in the gut microbiota and this study compares the neuroprotective capability of two bacterial consortia, known as Lab4 and Lab4b, using the established SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model. Firstly, varying total antioxidant capacities (TAC) were identified in the intact cells from each consortia and their secreted metabolites, referred to as conditioned media (CM). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Crystal Violet (CV) assays of cell viability revealed that Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM could induce similar levels of proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells and, despite divergent TAC, possessed a comparable ability to protect undifferentiated and retinoic acid-differentiated cells from the cytotoxic actions of rotenone and undifferentiated cells from the cytotoxic actions of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM also had the ability to attenuate rotenone-induced apoptosis and necrosis with Lab4b inducing the greater effect. Both consortia showed an analogous ability to attenuate intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells although the differential upregulation of genes encoding glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase by Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM, respectively, implicates the involvement of consortia-specific antioxidative mechanisms of action. This study implicates Lab4 and Lab4b as potential neuroprotective agents and justifies their inclusion in further in vivo studies.


Assuntos
Consórcios Microbianos/fisiologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , 1-Metil-4-fenilpiridínio/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Bifidobacterium/classificação , Bifidobacterium/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/química , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Humanos , Lactobacillus/classificação , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Rotenona/toxicidade
9.
Toxicol Rep ; 5: 309-313, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29556478

RESUMO

An increased incidence of liver tumours in the long term rodent bioassay is not an uncommon finding, invariably as a result of a non-genotoxic mode of action. Non-genotoxic liver carcinogenesis has been found to involve activation of certain nuclear hormone receptors (NHR) including the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and more recently the induction of specific microRNAs (miRs), has also been demonstrated following CAR activation in studies up to 90 days (Koufaris et al., 2012). The stable induction of these tissue specific miRs, namely miR200a, 200b and 429, by liver non-genotoxic carcinogens may serve as early predictors (biomarkers) of heptocarcinogenic potential. To test this hypothesis we used RT-PCR to measure the levels of these miRs in the livers from Wistar rats treated with two rat hepatocarcinogenic and one non hepatocarcinogenic pyrazole carboxamide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, Isopyrazam, Sedaxane and Benzovindiflupyr, respectively. The miRs were quantified by RT-PCR in liver RNA samples from three 90 day repeat dose toxicity studies performed at the low, mid and high doses relative to control. In Isopyrazam treated rats a statistically significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent increase in miR 200a, 220b and 429 in both males and females was observed, whilst for Sedaxane a significant (p < 0.05) increase in miR200b in males and females at the high dose was seen. Benzovindiflupyr treatment did not cause any dose related changes in miR 200a, 200b and 429 relative to control. Our results suggest that assessment of miR 200a/200b/429 levels has potential as a biomarker of the perturbation of pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Further work is required to establish the possible relationship between miR200 cluster induction and CAR-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in a more diverse range of compounds.

10.
Lupus ; 27(2): 210-216, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28659048

RESUMO

V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a critical negative checkpoint molecule involved in regulating the immune response. Targeting the pathway with an antagonist anti-VISTA antibody designated 13F3 has been shown to enhance disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. To determine if VISTA plays a role in murine lupus, New Zealand Black × New Zealand White (BWF1) mice were treated with 13F3 or control hamster Ig and disease monitored. Onset of proteinuria was earlier and renal damage more profound in mice treated with 13F3. Cell subset analysis showed an increase of activated splenic T cells and inflammatory splenic myeloid cells, but no effect on B cells, in mice receiving 13F3. Examination of the kidney showed an increase in inflammatory myeloid cell infiltration with 13F3 treatment. This study along with previous EAE data, suggests that interventions that enhance VISTA regulatory activity may be effective for the treatment of autoimmune disease.


Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/terapia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Cricetinae , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Rim/imunologia , Rim/patologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/veterinária , Proteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NZB , Esclerose Múltipla/veterinária , Células Mieloides/patologia , Proteinúria/induzido quimicamente , Baço/imunologia , Baço/patologia
11.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 2883, 2017 06 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28588193

RESUMO

Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it has been found that some probiotic bacteria possess cholesterol-lowering capabilities. In this study, the ability of the Lab4 probiotic consortium to hydrolyse bile salts, assimilate cholesterol and regulate cholesterol transport by polarised Caco-2 enterocytes was demonstrated. Furthermore, in wild-type C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet, 2-weeks supplementation with Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 resulted in significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol levels and suppression of diet-induced weight gain. No changes in plasma levels of very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cytokines or bile acids were observed. Increased amounts of total and unconjugated bile acids in the faeces of the probiotic-fed mice, together with modulation of hepatic small heterodimer partner and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase mRNA expression, implicates bile salt hydrolase activity as a potential mechanism of action. In summary, this study demonstrates the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of short-term feeding of the Lab4 probiotic consortium plus L. plantarum CUL66 in wild-type mice and supports further assessment in human trials.


Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Consórcios Microbianos/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos , Animais , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/sangue , Ácidos e Sais Biliares/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Células CACO-2 , Colesterol/metabolismo , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/microbiologia , Citocinas/sangue , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Humanos , Lactobacillus plantarum , Lipídeos/sangue , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
12.
Benef Microbes ; 7(3): 443-51, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26839071

RESUMO

Hypercholesterolemia drives the development of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in western society. Supplementation with probiotics that interfere with cholesterol metabolism may provide a contribution to disease prevention. Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 (NCIMB 30280) has been assessed in vitro for its ability to impact cholesterol absorption. L. plantarum CUL66 tested positive for bile salt hydrolase activity and the ability to assimilate cholesterol from culture media. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the bacterium significantly decreased the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 in polarised Caco-2 cells after 6 h exposure. Conversely, the expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member (ABCG)-5 and ABCG-8, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase were significantly increased. Using a radiolabelled assay, we also observed significant reductions in the uptake and basolateral efflux of cholesterol by Caco-2 cells exposed to L. plantarum CUL66. This in vitro study identified L. plantarum CUL66 as a cholesterol lowering bacteria by highlighting its ability to beneficially regulate multiple in vitro events associated with intestinal cholesterol metabolism and provides evidence of efficacy for its inclusion in future in vivo studies.


Assuntos
Colesterol/metabolismo , Enterócitos/metabolismo , Enterócitos/microbiologia , Homeostase , Lactobacillus plantarum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos
13.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 182(3): 289-301, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26332605

RESUMO

VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01) is a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) isolated from the B cells of an HIV-infected patient. It is directed against the HIV-1 CD4 binding site and is capable of potently neutralizing the majority of diverse HIV-1 strains. This Phase I dose-escalation study in healthy adults was conducted at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD, USA). Primary objectives were the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of VRC01 intravenous (i.v.) infusion at 5, 20 or 40 mg/kg, given either once (20 mg/kg) or twice 28 days apart (all doses), and of subcutaneous (s.c.) delivery at 5 mg/kg compared to s.c. placebo given twice, 28 days apart. Cumulatively, 28 subjects received 43 VRC01 and nine received placebo administrations. There were no serious adverse events or dose-limiting toxicities. Mean 28-day serum trough concentrations after the first infusion were 35 and 57 µg/ml for groups infused with 20 mg/kg (n = 8) and 40 mg/kg (n = 5) doses, respectively. Mean 28-day trough concentrations after the second infusion were 56 and 89 µg/ml for the same two doses. Over the 5-40 mg/kg i.v. dose range (n = 18), the clearance was 0.016 l/h and terminal half-life was 15 days. After infusion VRC01 retained expected neutralizing activity in serum, and anti-VRC01 antibody responses were not detected. The human monoclonal antibody (mAb) VRC01 was well tolerated when delivered i.v. or s.c. The mAb demonstrated expected half-life and pharmacokinetics for a human immunoglobulin G. The safety and PK results support and inform VRC01 dosing schedules for planning HIV-1 prevention efficacy studies.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Anti-HIV , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacocinética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Amplamente Neutralizantes , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol ; 6: 329-50, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25705934

RESUMO

The human gut is a complex ecosystem occupied by a diverse microbial community. Modulation of this microbiota impacts health and disease. The definitive way to investigate the impact of dietary intervention on the gut microbiota is a human trial. However, human trials are expensive and can be difficult to control; thus, initial screening is desirable. Utilization of a range of in vitro and in vivo models means that useful information can be gathered prior to the necessity for human intervention. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of these approaches.


Assuntos
Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Modelos Anatômicos , Animais , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Intestinos/microbiologia , Microbiota , Modelos Animais
15.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 69(3): 373-9, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25205320

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This pilot study investigates the efficacy of a probiotic consortium (Lab4) in combination with vitamin C on the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children attending preschool facilities. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study with children aged 3-6 years, 57 received 1.25 × 10(10) colony-forming units of Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 (NCIMB 30156), Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 (NCIMB 30157), Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 (NCIMB 30153) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CUL34 (NCIMB 30172) plus 50 mg vitamin C or a placebo daily for 6 months. RESULTS: Significant reductions in the incidence rate of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI; 33%, P=0.002), the number of days with URTI symptoms (mean difference: -21.0, 95% confidence interval (CI):-35.9, -6.0, P=0.006) and the incidence rate of absence from preschool (30%, P=0.007) were observed in the active group compared with the placebo. The number of days of use of antibiotics, painkillers, cough medicine or nasal sprays was lower in the active group and reached significance for use of cough medicine (mean difference: -6.6, 95% CI: -12.9, -0.3, P=0.040). No significant differences were observed in the incidence rate ratio or duration of lower respiratory tract infection or in the levels of plasma cytokines, salivary immunoglobulin A or urinary metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with a probiotic/vitamin C combination may be beneficial in the prevention and management of URTIs.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Absenteísmo , Antitussígenos/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Tosse/tratamento farmacológico , Tosse/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Instituições Acadêmicas
16.
Benef Microbes ; 4(4): 313-7, 2013 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24311314

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of daily probiotic supplementation upon the immune profile of healthy participants by the assessment of ex vivo cytokine production. Twenty healthy adult volunteers received a multi-strain probiotic supplement consisting of two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (CUL60 and CUL21), Bifidobacterium lactis (CUL34) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (CUL20) and fructooligosaccharide for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide and cytokine production was assessed. Postintervention, a significant decrease in the production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1ß was apparent when PBMCs were incubated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, whilst a significant increase in IL-10 and transforning growth factor-ß production was seen when the cells were incubated without an additional stimulus. This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of a multi-strain probiotic supplement to alter the immune response as demonstrated by changes in ex vivo cytokine production. Such results demonstrate the potential benefit of probiotic supplementation for healthy individuals and warrants further investigation.


Assuntos
Bifidobacterium/fisiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dieta/métodos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Bifidobacterium/imunologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/imunologia
17.
Clin Vaccine Immunol ; 19(11): 1792-7, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22956656

RESUMO

Avian influenza virus causes outbreaks in domestic and wild birds around the world, and sporadic human infections have been reported. A DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) protein from the A/Indonesia/5/05 (H5N1) strain was initially tested in two randomized phase I clinical studies. Vaccine Research Center study 304 (VRC 304) was a double-blinded study with 45 subjects randomized to placebo, 1 mg of vaccine, or 4 mg of vaccine treatment groups (n = 15/group) by intramuscular (i.m.) Biojector injection. VRC 305 was an open-label study to evaluate route, with 44 subjects randomized to intradermal (i.d.) injections of 0.5 mg by needle/syringe or by Biojector or 1 mg delivered as two 0.5-mg Biojector injections in the same deltoid or as 0.5 mg in each deltoid (n = 11/group). Injections were administered at weeks 0, 4, and 8 in both studies. Antibody responses to H5 were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neutralization assay, and the H5 T cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. There were no vaccine-related serious adverse events, and the vaccine was well tolerated in all groups. At 1 mg, i.d. vaccination compared to i.m. vaccination induced a greater frequency and magnitude of response by ELISA, but there were no significant differences in the frequency or magnitude of response between the i.d. and i.m. routes in the HAI or neutralization assays. T cell responses were more common in subjects who received the 1- or 4-mg dose i.m. These studies demonstrated that the DNA vaccine encoding H5 is safe and immunogenic and served to define the proper dose and route for further studies. The i.d. injection route did not offer a significant advantage over the i.m. route, and no difference was detected by delivery to one site versus splitting the dose between two sites for i.d. vaccine administration. The 4-mg dose (i.m) was further investigated in prime-boost regimens.


Assuntos
Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinas de DNA/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , ELISPOT , Feminino , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/genética , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/genética , Injeções Intradérmicas , Injeções Intramusculares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , Placebos/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Vacinas de DNA/genética , Adulto Jovem
18.
J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol ; 28(1): 101-5, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22345955

RESUMO

The use of mechanical circulatory support devices as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy decreases mortality, improves quality of life, and functional status. The paucity of clinical data and the challenges faced by noncardiac anesthesiologists warrant us to present the perioperative care of a patient with a HeartMate II (Thoratec Corp. Pleasanton, CA, USA) left ventricular assist device (LVAD), who underwent a successful major laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Key issues highlighted are the limitations of oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) monitoring, accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement, and the potential usefulness of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The hemodynamic changes, impact on the LVAD function during laparoscopic surgery, and the multidisciplinary approach are addressed.

19.
J Appl Microbiol ; 109(4): 1177-87, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20477892

RESUMO

AIMS: The objective of the work was to determine whether known strains of nonpathogenic vibrios can act as probiotics for the control of Vibrio infections in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the ten species tested, only Vibrio alginolyticus (NCIMB 1339) and Vibrio gazogenes (NCIMB 2250) showed antagonistic activity towards a panel of shrimp pathogenic vibrios. In the case of V. alginolyticus, this activity depended on the presence of live bacteria while in V. gazogenes both live and dead bacteria showed anti-Vibrio activity. Injection of shrimp with either V. alginolyticus or V. gazogenes at 3 × 10(7) or 3 × 10(5) total bacteria per shrimp resulted in mortality with higher levels in the case of V. alginolyticus (100% mortality 18 h postinjection of 3 × 10(7) bacteria). Juvenile shrimp were fed commercial diets top-coated with either chitin (an immune stimulant) or chitin + V. gazogenes. Both chitin and V. gazogenes caused a significant decline in the number of Vibrio-like bacteria in the fore and hind gut, and changes were also seen in the hepatosomatic index (a measure of digestive health) and the total number of blood cells in circulation. Analysis of mid/hindgut and faecal samples obtained using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism showed that the gut microbiota of shrimp has limited bacterial diversity and that after 8 weeks exposure to the experimental diets there were significant changes in the microbial flora of the GI tract of shrimp as a result of the presence of V. gazogenes. CONCLUSIONS: Of the vibrios tested, V. gazogenes has potential as a probiotic for the control of bacterial diseases in shrimp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Overall, this study shows the promise of V. gazogenes together with chitin to improve the health and welfare of shrimp under aquaculture conditions.


Assuntos
Penaeidae/microbiologia , Probióticos , Vibrio/fisiologia , Animais , Aquicultura , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Interações Microbianas , Penaeidae/imunologia , Vibrio alginolyticus/fisiologia
20.
Br J Surg ; 96(10): 1196-204, 2009 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19787768

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A molecular classification of colorectal cancer has been proposed based on microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and mutations in the KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. This study examined the prevalence of these molecular classes, and differences in clinical presentation and outcome. METHODS: Demographics, tumour characteristics and survival were recorded for 391 subjects with colorectal cancer. Tumour DNA was analysed for MSI (high (MSI-H) or microsatellite stable (MSS)), CIMP (high (CIMP-H) or no (CIMP-neg)) and BRAF and KRAS mutations. Clinical differences between four phenotypes were examined. RESULTS: Most tumours were MSS/CIMP-neg (69.8 per cent), with a nearly equal distribution of MSI-H/CIMP-H, MSI-H/CIMP-neg and MSS/CIMP-H types. MSS/CIMP-neg tumours were less likely to be poorly differentiated (P = 0.009). CIMP-H tumours were more common in older patients (P < 0.001). MSI-H/CIMP-H tumours had a high frequency of BRAF mutation and a low rate of KRAS mutation; the opposite was true for MSS/CIMP-neg tumours (P < 0.001). The four molecular phenotypes tended towards divergent survival (P = 0.067 for stages 1-III). MSI-H cancers were associated with better disease-free survival (hazard ratio 2.00 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.03 to 3.91); P = 0.040). CONCLUSION: Colorectal cancers are molecularly and clinically heterogeneous. These different molecular phenotypes may reflect variable prognosis.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Ilhas de CpG/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Oncogenes/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Colorretais/classificação , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/genética , Fenótipo , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Proteínas ras/genética
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...