[Modern notions about the role of taurine in the central nervous system].

Literature data concerning modern notions about the role of taurine in the central nervous system are analyzed. Mechanisms of the neuroprotective activity of taurine are described. Evidence showing the effects of taurine as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, antioxidant, etc. is provided.

[Effect of a new derivative of glutamic and apovincaminic acids on brain metabolism in post-ischemic period].

Neuroprotective properties of the new derivative of glutamic and apovincaminic acids, ethyl -(3-alpha,16-alpha)-eburnamenin-14-carbopxylate of 2-aminopentadionic acid (LHT 1-02) were studied on a model of acute brain ischemia in cats. LHT 1-02 has proved to be more effective than the reference drugs vinpocetin and glycine in preventing the reperfusive damage, which was manifested by decreased postischemic hyperglycemia, activated utilization of oxygen in the brain, and suppressed postischemic metabolic lactate acidosis. Thus, the results of this comparative study show expediency of further investigations of LHT 1 - 02 as a potential neuroprotective drug.

[The comparative investigation of antihypoxia activity of glutamic and N-acetylglutamic acids].

Comparative study of antihypoxic activity of glutamic and N-acetylglutamic acid in doses of 1, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg was realized. It was experimentally ascertained that the most apparent antihypoxic action of study objects occurs in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia of acetylated derivative of glutamic acid considerably exceeds glutamic acid.

[Effect of magnesium sulfate on characteristics of cerebral hemodynamics under conditions of postischemic brain injury].

Effect of magnesium sulfate (50 and 100 mg/kg) as a corrector of postishemic brain injury has been experimentally studied. It is established that both therapeutic and preventive introduction of magnesium sulfate limits early postishemic hypoperfusion and hypotension.

[Effect of glucosamine sulfate on the analgesic and ulcerogenic activity of ketoprofen].

The effect of glucosamine sulfate on the analgesic properties and ulcerogenic action of ketoprofen has been experimentally studied in the course of drug adminstration in laboratory animals in comparison to the ketoprofen monotherapy. An analysis of the results shows that the combined application of glucosamine sulfate with ketoprofen produces a twofold increase in the analgesic activity of ketoprofen and decreases the drug-induced damage of the stomach mucous membrane. These effects are especially pronounced for the following ratio of components: ketoprofen, 16 or 24 mg/kg; glucosamine sulfate, 125 mg/kg.

[Experimental study of the efficacy of apovincaminic acid derivative on the model of reperfusive cerebral damage].

Neuroprotector properties of a new apovincaminic acid derivative (LHT 2 - 02) were studied on a model of acute brain ischemia in cats. LHT 2 - 02 has proved to be more effective than the reference drugs vinpocetin and glycine in preventing the reperfusive damage, which was manifested by decreased postishemic hyperglycemia and suppressed postishemic metabolic lactate acidosis.

[Experimental evaluation of the effect of glycine and its phosphorylated derivative on ischemic brain injury].

The effect of glycine and its phosphorylated derivative (AKF 90-7) on the ischemic brain injury in experimental animals has been studied. The therapeutic injection of glycine and AKF 90-7 (50 100 mg/kg) increased the survival of laboratory animals under the conditions of ischemia caused by ligation of the carotid artery. In a dose of 50 mg/kg, AKF 90-7 was more effective than glycine in activating enzymes of the antioxidant system and preventing the formation of lipid peroxidation products.

[Neuroprotector action of an asparagic acid derivative during the model reperfusive cerebral damage in cats]. / Izuchenie neiroprotektnogo deistviia proizvodnogo asparaginovoi kisloty pri reperfuzionnykh povrezhdeniiakh mozga.

Neuroprotector properties of a new phosphorylated derivative of asparagic acid (PIR 87-65-0) were studied on a model of acute brain ischemia in cats. PIR 87-5-0 has proved to be more effective than the reference drug vinpocetin in preventing the reperfusive damage, which was manifested by decreased postischemic hypergycemia, activated utilization of oxygen and glucose in the brain, and suppressed postischemic metabolic lactate acidosis.

[Neuroprotective properties of pyroglutamic acid in combination with pyrrolidone]. / Neiroprotektornye svoistva piroglutaminovoi kisloty v sochetanii s pirrolidonom.

A new drug composition containing pyroglutamic acid and pyrrolidone produces a significant effect on the cerebral circulation in rats with global recurrent brain ischemia and in a model ischemic state under high radial gravitational overload. In the former case, the new drug increases the blood circulation in rats with the global ischemic damage to a greater extent than in the intact control group. Pretreatment with the pyroglutamic acid--pyrrolidone composition produced a 2-2.5-fold increase in the survival of rats in the ischemic state caused by the radial gravitational overload. The data obtained show evidence of a substantial neuroprotector action of the new drug composition.

[Rhodiola rosea extract for prophylaxis of ischemic cerebral circulation disorder]. / Ekstrakt rodioly rozovoi pri profilaktike ishemicheskikh narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

It was experimentally established that prophylactic introduction of a Rhodiola Rosea extract prevents the ischemic brain damage development. A course administration of the drug in a dose of 700 mg/kg arrests the development of hyper- and hypoperfusion in cerebral circulation, weakens the postischemic hyperglycemic reaction, lowers oxygen extraction by cerebral tissues, suppresses lactate acidosis, promotes pyruvate participation in metabolic processes inhibits edema swelling, prevents the "calcium paradox" development, and decreases manifestations of the lipid peroxidation processes.

[The anti-ischemic effects of 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives in cerebrovascular pathology]. / Protivoishemicheskie éffekty proizvodnykh 3-oksipiridina pri tserebrovaskuliarnoi patologii.

The effect of the antioxidant mexidol and two new derivatives of 3-oxypyridine, namely LBK-10 and LBK-39 on the circulation of blood and metabolism of the brain in the postischemic period was studied in acute experiments on narcotized cats under conditions of autohemoperfusion of the cerebral vessels with a stable volume of blood. Therapeutic injection of mexidol and LBK in a dose of 20 mg/kg inhibited the development of the no-flow phenomenon and restored the ischemia damaged metabolism in the brain tissues. LBK-10 reduced the lactate content in the blood flowing from the brain and contributed to constriction of the cerebral vessels.

[The action of emoxipin, lithium oxybutyrate and pikamilon on the blood circulation of the ischemic brain]. / Izuchenie deistviia émoksipina, litiia oksibutirata i pikamilona na krovoobrashchenie ishemizirovannogo mozga.

Acute experiments were conducted on rats under nembutal anesthesia to compare the efficacy of emoxipin with that of lithium oxybutyrate and picamilon in the postischemic period after preventive and therapeutic injections in various doses. Emoxipin proved to be most effective in prevention of postischemic non-restoration of the flow of blood in the brain and in preservation of the autoregulation responses of the cerebral vessels. The possible mechanisms of the effect of the drug are discussed.

[The effect of 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives on postischemic disorders in the autoregulatory reactions of the cerebral vessels]. / Vliianie proizvodnykh 3-oksipiridina na postishemicheskie narusheniia autoreguliatornykh reaktsii mozgovykh sosudov.

Acute experiments on nembutal anesthetized rats showed improvement of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in the postischemic period under the effect of mexidol and the new 3-hydroxypyridine (3-HOP) derivatives LBK-10 and LBK-38 administered for prophylactic and therapeutic, purposes. The role of dopaminergic activity, solubility in lipids, and other factors in the mechanism of the activity of 3-HOP derivatives is analysed.

[The effect of cytochrome c preparations on the autoregulation of the cerebral blood flow in ischemia]. / Vliianie preparatov tsitokhroma c na autoreguliatsiiu mozgovogo krovotoka v usloviiakh ishemii.

The effect of animal cytochrome C (Ca), biotechnological cytochrome (Cb) and its hemtetradecapeptide (HTDP) on cerebral blood flow autoregulation during rapid decrease of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) was studied in acute experiments on rats. Cytochrome C preparations caused no effect on the autoregulatory responses of the cerebral vessels in animals with normal cerebral circulation. Injection of 5 mg/kg Ca and Cb and 0.8 mg/kg HTDP promoted restoration of the phenomenon of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in ischemic brain damage in change of SAP from 120 to 60 mm Hg. Prophylactic injection of 20 mg/kg Ca and Cb and 3.3 mg/kg HTDP prevented cerebral blood flow autoregulation disturbance caused by transitory brain ischemia.

[The effect of lithium derivatives of GABA on blood circulation and metabolic indices in the brain under ischemia]. / Vliianie litievykh proizvodnykh GAMK na krovoobrashchenie i nekotorye pokazateli metabolizma v golovnom mozge v usloviiakh ishemii.

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats with cerebral ischemia in conditions of autohemoperfusion of cerebral and peripheral vessels with a stable volume of blood we found that lithium oxybutirate and new GABA derivatives: LOS 1-84 and LOS 5-79 affect the cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the brain. Prophylactic intravenous injection of lithium oxybutirate did not affect the development of postischemic hyperperfusion but inhibited postischemic hyperperfusion. The compounds prevent the development of postischemic phenomena and promote the recovery of metabolism in the brain.

[The effect of cytochrome c preparations on the cerebral circulation in cerebral ischemia]. / Vliianie preparatov tsitokhroma c na mozgovoe krovoobrashchenie pri ishemii mozga.

Biotechnological cytochrome c, heme-tetradecapeptide (HTDP) and animal cytochrome c were studied for their effects on intact and brain ischemic rats. In the latter case, the compounds were administered before ischemia induction and 15 min after artery ligation. It was found that the cytochrome c preparations did not virtually affect the cerebral circulation in intact rats. In cerebral ischemia, the cytochrome C preparations increased circulation, showing their more profound effects in case of preadministration of the drugs. The dose-independent effects of HTDP may be associated with the higher transmembranous permeability and the saturation phenomenon of this compound.

[The role of dopamine in regulating the cerebral circulation in extreme conditions]. / Rol' dofamina v reguliatsii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia pri nekotorykh ékstremal'nykh sostoianiiakh.

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats, the perfusion of dopamine (100 micrograms/kg.min) during 35 minutes after cerebral ischemia inhibited the development of postischemic phenomena. Dopamine was found to exert a considerable effect on the oxidative metabolism in the brain. The responses of cerebral, peripheral vessels and systemic arterial pressure to dopamine (25 and 75 micrograms/kg) in conditions of blood autoperfusion with cooled blood did not differ significantly from those in normothermia. The problem of dopamine participation in the organism adaptive responses to extreme conditions, is discussed.

[Effect of dopamine on the blood circulation and metabolism in the brain during ischemia]. / Vliianie dofamina na krovoobrashchenie i metabolizm v golovnom mozge v usloviiakh ishemii.

In acute experiments on anesthetized cats under blood autoperfusion of cerebral and peripheral vessels with a stable volume of blood during cerebral ischemia there was revealed the vascular and metabolic effects of dopamine on cerebral circulation. Administration of dopamine by perfusion in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg/min for 35 min after ischemia inhibited the development of postischemic hypoperfusion of the brain and also eliminated postischemic hypotension. A significant effect of dopamine on oxidative metabolism of the brain was observed.

[The participation of dopamine in the vascular reactions and metabolic processes of the brain]. / Uchastie dofamina v sosudistykh reaktsiiakh i metabolicheskikh protsessakh golovnogo mozga.

The dopamine effect on the tension of perfused vessels and the arterial BP depended on its doses in acute experiments on anesthetized cats. Dopaminergic vasodilatory components in perfused vessels responses and the BP were determined with joint blockade of alpha- and beta-receptors. Oxygen and glucose consumption increased in the brain during continuous i.v. infusion of various doses of dopamine (5 mg/kg/min and 100 mg/kg/min). The effect of dopamine on blood circulation and cerebral metabolism mediated through adrenergic (alpha- and beta-) and dopaminergic structures, is discussed.