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1.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 66(5): 969-975, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29608782

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) on the detection of cognitive impairment and on follow-up cognitive care for older adults. DESIGN: Retrospective matched-cohort study. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: A 5% random sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries continuously enrolled for 12 months before and after an index ambulatory visit occurring from 2011 to 2013 with no claims evidence of cognitive impairment before index. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes include 12-month post-index visit claims-based measurements of cognitive impairment, including new Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) diagnoses; medications for ADRD; and cognitive care-related diagnostic examination such as neurobehavioral testing, brain imaging, and blood tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum B12, folate, and syphilis. We also measured changes in burden of anticholinergic medication. RESULTS: There were no clinically relevant differences between the AWV and control groups in the rates of incident ADRD diagnoses (6.16% vs 6.86%, p<.001) and initiation of ADRD medications (1.00% vs 1.08%, p=.15), although there were differences favoring the AWV group in rates of TSH (39.80% vs 28.36%, p<.001), B12 (9.41% vs 6.97%, p<.001), folate (4.76% vs 3.72%, p<.001), and neurobehavioral (0.75% vs 0.55%, p<.001) testing. CONCLUSIONS: Although the AWV is correlated with an increase in some measures of cognitive care, such as laboratory testing for reversible causes of cognitive impairment, it does not appear to substantially increase recognition of undetected ADRD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Medicare , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Planos de Pagamento por Serviço Prestado , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos
2.
Psychooncology ; 26(6): 755-762, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26790987

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience adverse physical symptoms because of cancer, cancer treatment, and comorbidities. The relations among Cancer-Related Symptoms, Functional Impairment, and Psychological Symptoms in patients with NSCLC is not well understood. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patient-reported symptoms with the 38-item Patient Care Monitor survey, collected in routine clinical care for 1138 patients with NSCLC at eight US community oncology practices. Study sample was randomly split, and structural equation models examined the direct and mediated effects of Cancer-Related Symptoms and Functional Impairment on symptoms of acute distress (Distress) and depression (Despair) in the training sample. The training model was cross validated in testing sample. Results are presented for the full model using the entire sample. RESULTS: Patients were 48.3% female, with mean age of 66.0 years. The most common comorbidities were anemia (60.8%) and respiratory disease (24.5%). Severity of Cancer-Related Symptoms was strongly and positively related to Functional Impairment and Psychological Symptoms in both training and testing models. The modeled effect of Functional Impairment on Distress and Despair was significant in the overall model using the total sample, and significant or near-significant in the training and testing models. The mediated effect of Cancer-Related Symptoms by Functional Impairment tended to be weaker than its direct modeled effect on Distress and Despair. CONCLUSIONS: Despite prior research suggesting that Functional Impairment plays a larger role than symptom burden in depression in NSCLC, the independent modeled effects of Functional Impairment were no greater than the direct modeled effects of Cancer-Related Symptoms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
J Med Econ ; 20(2): 151-161, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27574722

RESUMO

AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness of first-line pemetrexed/platinum and other commonly administered regimens in a representative US elderly population with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study utilized the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry linked to Medicare claims records. The study population included all SEER-Medicare patients diagnosed in 2008-2009 with advanced non-squamous NSCLC (stages IIIB-IV) as their only primary cancer and who started chemotherapy within 90 days of diagnosis. The study evaluated the four most commonly observed first-line regimens: paclitaxel/carboplatin, platinum monotherapy, pemetrexed/platinum, and paclitaxel/carboplatin/bevacizumab. Overall survival and total healthcare cost comparisons as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for pemetrexed/platinum vs each of the other three. Unstratified analyses and analyses stratified by initial disease stage were conducted. RESULTS: The final study population consisted of 2,461 patients. Greater administrative censorship of pemetrexed recipients at the end of the study period disproportionately reduced the observed mean survival for pemetrexed/platinum recipients. The disease stage-stratified ICER analysis found that the pemetrexed/platinum incurred total Medicare costs of $536,424 and $283,560 per observed additional year of life relative to platinum monotherapy and paclitaxel/carboplatin, respectively. The pemetrexed/platinum vs triplet comparator analysis indicated that pemetrexed/platinum was associated with considerably lower total Medicare costs, with no appreciable survival difference. LIMITATIONS: Limitations included differential censorship of the study regimen recipients and differential administration of radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Pemetrexed/platinum yielded either improved survival at increased cost or similar survival at reduced cost relative to comparator regimens in the treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Limitations in the study methodology suggest that the observed pemetrexed survival benefit was likely conservative.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/economia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Medicare , Padrões de Prática Médica , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Estatísticos , Sistema de Registros , Programa de SEER , Estados Unidos
4.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 14: 555, 2014 Nov 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25392276

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding real-world treatment patterns, resource utilization, and costs of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (esSCLC) among elderly patients in the United States. While abundant data are available on treatment patterns in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), to our knowledge no data exist comparing costs and resource use between patients with esSCLC or mNSCLC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed administrative claims data (2000-2008) of patients aged ≥65 years from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Patients were selected on the basis of having newly diagnosed esSCLC (n=5,855) or mNSCLC (n=24,090) during 1/1/2000-12/31/2005, and were required to have received cancer-directed therapy. Survival and other measures were compared between esSCLC and mNSCLC patients using Kaplan-Meier log-rank and univariate chi-square and t-tests. Study measures were followed from first diagnosis date of either esSCLC or mNSCLC until the earlier of death or end of the database. RESULTS: Survival between the cohorts did not differ significantly: mean of 10.4 months for esSCLC patients versus 11.1 months for mNSCLC; median survival was 7.4 months versus 5.9 months. A higher percentage of mNSCLC patients (vs. esSCLC) received radiation therapy (75.6% vs. 65.4%; P < 0.001) and surgery (13.6% vs. 7.8%; P < 0.001) during the metastatic disease period. Conversely, a higher percentage of esSCLC patients than mNSCLC patients received chemotherapy (85.5% vs. 60.3%; P < 0.001), red blood-cell transfusion (20.7% vs. 10.9%; P < 0.001), platelet transfusion (5.6% vs. 1.8%; P < 0.001), and growth-factor support (59.0% vs. 39.5%; P < 0.001). esSCLC patients incurred higher lifetime disease-related costs ($44,167 vs. $37,932; P < 0.001) and all-cause costs ($70,549 vs. $67,176; P < 0.001) than mNSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime total and disease-related costs per patient were high. Increased use of chemotherapy, supportive care therapies (including growth factors), and disease-related hospitalizations were observed in esSCLC patients as compared with mNSCLC patients. Disease-related and all-cause costs for esSCLC also exceeded those of mNSCLC, except for hospice and skilled nursing services. Survival and per-patient costs for both groups underscore the unmet medical need for more effective therapies in patients with esSCLC or mNSCLC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/economia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/economia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/economia , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos
5.
Chemother Res Pract ; 2012: 913848, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22482054

RESUMO

Objective. Chemotherapy-associated peripheral neuropathy (CAPN) is a painful side-effect of chemotherapy. This study assesses healthcare and workloss costs of CAPN patients with breast, ovarian, head/neck, or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from a third-party payor/employer perspective. Research Design and Methods. Patients with qualifying tumors, and claims for chemotherapy and services indicative of peripheral neuropathy (PN) within 9-months of chemotherapy (cases) were identified in a administrative claims database. Cases were matched 1 : 1 to controls with no PN-related claims based on demographics, diabetes history and propensity for having a diagnosis of PN during the study period (based on resource use and comorbidities in a 3-month baseline period). Average all-cause healthcare costs, resource use and workloss burden were determined. Results. Average healthcare costs were $17,344 higher for CAPN cases than their non-CAPN controls, with outpatient costs being the highest component (with cases having excess costs of $8,092). On average, each CAPN case had 12 more outpatient visits than controls, and spent more days in the hospital. Workloss burden was higher for cases but not statistically different from controls. Conclusion. This study establishes that breast, ovarian, head/neck, or NSCLC patients with CAPN have significant excess healthcare costs and resource use.

6.
J Occup Environ Med ; 52(4): 415-20, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20357681

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Determine lost work time and job attrition for incident breast cancer (BC). METHODS: The cases were employed women, aged 18 to 64, with BC identified by a validated algorithm between 1999 and 2005, from claims (MarketScan) and attendance databases. Controls without cancer were matched 3:1 on age, comorbidity, and index year. RESULTS: First-year mean disability days were 60 (cases, N = 880) versus 5 (controls, N = 2640) (P < 0.001). The first-year disability costs were $4900 for cases versus $385 for controls (P < 0.001). In years 2 through 4, the disability days and associated costs were similar for the cases versus controls. After 4 years, 56.4% of cases were still enrolled in the employer-sponsored insurance programs compared to 6.5% of controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lost work associated with BC is substantial in the first year after diagnosis. Employee retention is much higher for BC cases versus controls.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/economia , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Eficiência , Reembolso de Seguro de Saúde/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Comorbidade , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
7.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 9: 95, 2009 Jun 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19505334

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Combination therapy in managing psychiatric disorders is not uncommon. While combination therapy has been documented for depression and schizophrenia, little is known about combination therapy practices in managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study seeks to quantify the combination use of ADHD medications and to understand predictors of combination therapy. METHODS: Prescription dispensing events were drawn from a U.S. national claims database including over 80 managed-care plans. Patients studied were age 18 or over with at least 1 medical claim with a diagnosis of ADHD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 314.0), a pharmacy claim for ADHD medication during the study period July 2003 to June 2004, and continuous enrollment 6 months prior to and throughout the study period. Dispensing events were grouped into 6 categories: atomoxetine (ATX), long-acting stimulants (LAS), intermediate-acting stimulants (IAS), short-acting stimulants (SAS), bupropion (BUP), and Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists (A2A). Events were assigned to calendar months, and months with combined use from multiple categories within patient were identified. Predictors of combination therapy for LAS and for ATX were modeled for patients covered by commercial plans using logistic regression in a generalized estimating equations framework to adjust for within-patient correlation between months of observation. Factors included age, gender, presence of the hyperactive component of ADHD, prior diagnoses for psychiatric disorders, claims history of recent psychiatric visit, insurance plan type, and geographic region. RESULTS: There were 18,609 patients identified representing a total of 11,886 months of therapy with ATX; 40,949 months with LAS; 13,622 months with IAS; 38,141 months with SAS; 22,087 months with BUP; and 1,916 months with A2A. Combination therapy was present in 19.7% of continuing months (months after the first month of therapy) for ATX, 21.0% for LAS, 27.4% for IAS, 23.1% for SAS, 36.9% for BUP, and 53.0% for A2A.For patients receiving LAS, being age 25-44 or age 45 and older versus being 18-24 years old, seeing a psychiatrist, having comorbid depression, or having point-of-service coverage versus a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) resulted in odds ratios significantly greater than 1, representing increased likelihood for combination therapy in managing adult ADHD.For patients receiving ATX, being age 25-44 or age 45 and older versus being 18-24 years old, seeing a psychiatrist, having a hyperactive component to ADHD, or having comorbid depression resulted in odds ratios significantly greater than 1, representing increased likelihood for combination therapy in managing adult ADHD. CONCLUSION: ATX and LAS are the most likely drugs to be used as monotherapy. Factors predicting combination use were similar for months in which ATX was used and for months in which LAS was used except that a hyperactive component to ADHD predicted increased combination use for ATX but not for LAS.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Revisão da Utilização de Seguros , Adulto , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
BMC Womens Health ; 8: 24, 2008 Dec 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19105828

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Both raloxifene and bisphosphonates are indicated for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, however these medications have different efficacy and safety profiles. It is plausible that physicians would prescribe these agents to optimize the benefit/risk profile for individual patients. The objective of this study was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of patients initiating raloxifene with those of patients initiating bisphosphonates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: This study was conducted using a retrospective cohort design. Female beneficiaries (45 years and older) with at least one claim for raloxifene or a bisphosphonate in 2003 through 2005 and continuous enrollment in the previous 12 months and subsequent 6 months were identified using a collection of large national commercial, Medicare supplemental, and Medicaid administrative claims databases (MarketScan). Patients were divided into two cohorts, a combined commercial/Medicare cohort and a Medicaid cohort. Within each cohort, characteristics (demographic, clinical, and resource utilization) of patients initiating raloxifene were compared to those of patients initiating bisphosphonate therapy. Group comparisons were made using chi-square tests for proportions of categorical measures and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables. Logistic regression was used to simultaneously examine factors independently associated with initiation of raloxifene versus a bisphosphonate. RESULTS: Within both the commercial/Medicare and Medicaid cohorts, raloxifene patients were younger, had fewer comorbid conditions, and fewer pre-existing fractures than bisphosphonate patients. Raloxifene patients in both cohorts were less likely to have had a bone mineral density (BMD) screening in the previous year than were bisphosphonate patients, and were also more likely to have used estrogen or estrogen/progestin therapy in the previous 12 months. These differences remained statistically significant in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION: In this sample of patients enrolled in commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid plans, patients who initiated raloxifene treatment differed from those initiating bisphosphonates. Raloxifene patients were younger, had better overall health status and appeared to be less likely to have risk factors for new osteoporotic fractures than bisphosphonate patients. Differences in the clinical profiles of these agents may impact prescribing decisions. Investigators using observational data to make comparisons of treatment outcomes associated with these medications should take these important differences in patient characteristics into consideration.


Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa , Seleção de Pacientes , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Formulário de Reclamação de Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Medicaid/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicare/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos
9.
J Manag Care Pharm ; 12(3): 230-8, 2006 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16623607

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine which factors are associated with use of atomoxetine (ATX) relative to stimulant medications (STIMs) for treatment initiation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A similar exploratory analysis of the use of ATX versus STIMs in children has been published previously. METHODS: This was an exploratory analysis using a retrospective observational cohort design applied to administrative pharmacy and medical claims from an integrated managed care database. Patients were identified if they had at least 1 administrative claim with a diagnosis for ADHD. Treatment .initiation. was defined as a new prescription for an ADHD medication preceded by 3 months without similar therapy. Two separate analyses were done, one comparing medication starts for ATX with those of any STIM, the other comparing starts of ATX with long-acting stimulants (LA-STIMs). Logistic regression analyses of prior-year administrative claims were used to compare the frequencies of differential predictors of the use of medication. RESULTS: There were 10,359 patients aged >18 years who initiated ATX or a STIM between April and December of 2003 and had at least 1 claim with a diagnosis for ADHD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 314.0x). Approximately one third (28 of 82) of the comparisons related to patient demographics, diagnostic history, and previous treatment history was found to be related to the use of ATX versus STIMs and/or LA-STIMs. Patients were more likely to have received ATX than a STIM if they had prior diagnoses of bipolar disorder (odds ratio [OR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.87), alcohol dependence (OR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.26-2.58), anxiety (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.40), previous use of antipsychotic medication (OR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.22-1.96), or previous antidepressant use (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28). Prior use of behavioral services greater than 12 visits was associated with the use of ATX relative to STIMs (OR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.20-1.77) but not for ATX relative to LA-STIMs. Conversely, ATX was used less often than STIMs for initiation in younger adults aged 18 to 24 years (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.58-0.74), female patients (OR 0.89, 95% CI, 0.80-0.99), patients with personality disorders (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34-0.82), and those with prior use of STIMs (OR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56-0.69). The majority of comparisons (54 of 82) related to demographics, diagnostic history, and previous treatment history did not show statistically significant associations. CONCLUSIONS: During the first year of ATX.s market introduction, some differences in the frequency of various clinical factors were found in adults treated with ATX compared with those patients who received STIMs. This association may suggest that STIMs and ATX are used to address different treatment needs in adults with ADHD. Future studies will need to determine the significance of the practice pattern differences inferred here and if they persist after ATX has been on the market longer.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Captação Adrenérgica/uso terapêutico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Propilaminas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Cloridrato de Atomoxetina , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Assistência Gerenciada/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Pharmacotherapy ; 25(11): 1541-9, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16232017

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictors of beginning treatment with atomoxetine, a new attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug, shortly after it was introduced into the marketplace compared with well-established stimulants for children in a managed care setting. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. DATA SOURCE: Managed care claims database. PATIENTS: A total of 45,144 patients aged 18 years or younger who filled a prescription for an ADHD-specific drug. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For each patient, the most recent start of therapy between April 1 and December 31, 2003, was categorized by drug: atomoxetine; any stimulant; or short-, intermediate-, or long-acting stimulant. The categories were based on the first use of the drug without use of a drug in that same category in the previous 3 months. Logistic regression analysis of past-year administrative claims was applied to determine predictors of the start of specific pharmacotherapy. Patients with a claim of ADHD with hyperactivity were 1.50 times more likely to begin therapy with atomoxetine than with any stimulant (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-1.58). Patients with a history of tics (odds ratio [OR] 3.11, 95% CI 2.54-3.82), anxiety (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24-1.48), pervasive developmental disorders (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.69-2.37), or frequent use of behavioral care services (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21-1.48) were predisposed to starting treatment with atomoxetine relative to any stimulant, but patients with obesity were not (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53-0.87). A short-acting stimulant was specifically preferred for patients with narcolepsy or hypersomnolence (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.56). Alcohol dependence, but not drug dependence or drug abuse, was predictive of the selection of atomoxetine over a short-acting stimulant (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.25-7.09). CONCLUSION: Atomoxetine therapy was systematically preferred for patients with psychiatric comorbidities, contraindications to stimulants, or relatively heavy use of behavioral health care.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Propilaminas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Cloridrato de Atomoxetina , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Programas de Assistência Gerenciada , Estudos Retrospectivos
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