Correlation of Measurements From Doppler Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma.

OBJECTIVES: To relate the changes in ocular structure and hemodynamic response in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Patients with POAG (n = 46) and control subjects (n = 53) were recruited. Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Blood flow was characterized in ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU), and resistivity index (RI) was calculated. Measurements from CDU and OCT were statistically correlated and the degree of the association was examined. Receiver operating characteristics was produced based on RI and optimal threshold was determined. RESULTS: In POAG patients, OCT revealed neuronal damage and CDU indicated increased resistance to arterial flow. Flow dynamics correlated negatively with the ocular tissue dimensions, sufficiently establishing an association between the ocular structure and its hemodynamic response. Based on the possibility of indirect POAG diagnosis with CDU, threshold 0.7 for RI of OA yielded 73.9% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in distinguishing the cases of POAG from the controls. Threshold of 0.66 for RI of CRA, had higher specificity of 83%, but lower sensitivity of 52.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular flow exhibits different characteristics in individuals with POAG than normal. The changes associated with the underlying neuronal structure, suggesting the possibility of a potential new diagnostic biomarker for POAG. This justifies further studies with a larger cohort, examining the ocular flow with CDU in POAG and comparing it against OCT findings for establishing the power of CDU in differential diagnosis or glaucoma progression.

The Relationship Between MRI Findings and Molecular Subtypes in Women With Breast Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the preoperative MRI findings of patients with breast cancer according to molecular subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI findings of women diagnosed with breast cancer in our department between January 2013 and June 2017 who had preoperative breast MRI examinations were evaluated and histopathological findings were recorded retrospectively. The findings were classified according to the BI-RADS MRI classification by three radiologists. Correlations of MRI findings with the molecular subtypes were evaluated using Chi-square and t-tests. RESULTS: Among 234 lesions in a total of 224 cases diagnosed with breast cancer, subtypes of breast cancer as following: Luminal (162 cases, 69%), triple negative (39 cases, 17%) and HER2 positive (33 cases, 14%), respectively. Lesions of patients with luminal, triple negative and HER2 positive invasive ductal cancer were round or lobular in shape (9.9%, 42.9%, 20.7%), had high/very high intratumoral T2 signal intensity (24.8%, 54.2%, 31%) and rim enhancement pattern (9.2%, 51.4%, 24.1%), respectively. The difference between the triple negative cases and the other subtypes was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: One of the most important factors that determine the prognosis and treatment in breast cancer is the molecular subtype of the tumor. Morphologic findings of MRI can be a useful tool for differentiating triple negative breast cancer from other subtypes.