The effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on HDL cholesterol in Chukot residents vs muscovites.

Native Chukot Peninsula residents, in contrast to Muscovites, consume a diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This dietary peculiarity is reflected in differences in plasma lipid and apolipoprotein contents. The Chukot residents have lower contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, but higher HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels than do Muscovites. The apolipoprotein A-I levels were identical in both groups. A higher HDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I ratio was determined in the coastline Chukot residents (0.52 +/- 0.01) than in Muscovites (0.43 +/- 0.01; p less than 0.01). In contrast to Muscovites, the coastline Chukot residents also had higher n-3 and lower n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages in plasma and erythrocyte lipids, and lower phosphatidylcholine and higher sphingomyelin or phosphatidylethanolamine levels in HDL2b and HDL3. The higher HDL cholesterol levels in the plasma of the coastline Chukot residents appears to reflect the higher cholesterol-scavenging capacity of their HDL. We conclude from this study that the regular consumption of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the coastline Chukot residents decreased LDL cholesterol transfer from plasma to peripheral cells, and enhanced cholesterol efflux from cellular membranes toward HDL.

Differential study of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in human high-density lipoproteins with lipid-specific fluorescent probes.

Modified phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin containing an anthryl end group attached to one of the fatty acyl chains were used as fluorescent probes in an investigation of the molecular organization of human high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Monolayer experiments and NMR measurements showed the anthryl-labeled lipids to mimic closely the corresponding host phospholipids, the fluorophores being located near to the terminal CH3 groups of the fatty acid residues. The above fluorescent phospholipid probes made it possible for the first time to study differentially the behaviour of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in HDL. The probes were shown to interact in a different way with the apoprotein tryptophans and to be non-randomly distributed at the surface of the globules. The probable sphingomyelin binding site of apolipoprotein A-I was defined. Evidence was obtained suggesting the existence in high-density lipoproteins of two slowly exchanging phospholipid pools: one strongly bound to apoproteins, and the other free or loosely bound. Fluorescence parameters characterizing the fluidity of HDL phospholipids and their interaction with the apoprotein tryptophans were found to correlate with the HDL cholesterol level. The possible significance of the obtained results for a better understanding of the relation of high-density lipoproteins to coronary heart diseases is discussed.

The peculiarities of lipid and protein components of the high- and low-density lipoproteins in patients suffering from coronary atherosclerosis with different number of affected coronary arteries.

In 81 patients with coronary atherosclerosis, with different number of affected coronary arteries determined by selective coronarography, the blood plasma levels of low-density (LDLP) and high-density (HDLP) lipoproteins were determined, and their lipid and protein components were analyzed. In patients with two and three arteries affected, there were found -- in comparison with the control group (patients with neurocirculatory asthenia) and patients with one coronary artery affected: higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLP), LDLP cholesterol, and moderate value of the VLDLP+LDLP cholesterol/HDLP cholesterol ratio(s.c. atherogenicity coefficient). The HDLP cholesterol level was decreased in all groups of patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Along with the increasing number of arteries affected the percentage of esterified cholesterol in the HDLP decreased, free cholesterol in the HDLP and esterified cholesterol in the LDLP rose.