[Prevalence of low height and related risk factors in school children from Corrientes (Argentina)]. / Estudio de prevalencia de talla baja y factores de riesgo relacionados en escolares de Corrientes (Argentina).

BACKGROUND: Height is the anthropometric indicator that best reflects the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure height and to identify risk factors for low height in school children from Corrientes in Argentina. POPULATION AND METHODS: Between March and December 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed in 2,282 school children of both sexes, aged 6-14 years old, from two inner-city schools and two schools in the outskirts of the city. The variables studied were age, height, weight, birth weight, breastfeeding, maternal education and socioeconomic status. The values for height were turned into Z scores, and then compared with the reference standards of the National Center for Health Statistics in the United States. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test for qualitative variables and ANOVA for quantitative variables. A significance of p < 0.05 was accepted. RESULTS: Prevalence of height below 2 standard deviation units and below 1 standard deviation unit was 4.6 % and 25.1 %, respectively. Maternal illiteracy, low birth weight, absence of breastfeeding and low socioeconomic status were significantly associated with low height. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low height in this study was similar to that in other Latin-American countries. In our study the absence of breastfeeding, maternal illiteracy, low birth weight and low socioeconomic status were risk factors for low height.

The influence of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on granulopoiesis in mice recovering from cyclophosphamide treatment.

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was evaluated for its effects on granulopoiesis recovery in mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The cytotoxic agent was administered on days 0 and 7. rhG-CSF therapy (injected from days 8 to 28) accelerated the recovery and maintained an increased level of peripheral blood neutrophils. Marrow granuloid precursors depression, due the second dose of cyclophosphamide, was prevented by rhG-CSF, but this hemopoietic growth factor was unable to increase these cells in a similar way to that observed in normal mice. This suggests a decreased granuloid marrow proliferation capacity in cyclophosphamide treated mice. In contrast, in the spleen, rhG-CSF highly increased granuloid precursors. However, the contribution of spleen to granuloid recovery was scarce. Mice receiving rhG-CSF after cyclophosphamide demonstrated a biphasic recovery pattern in bone marrow GM-CFU population. A first rebound of GM-CFUs was followed by a nadir and then a second recovery where GM-CFU progenitor cells were significantly increased was observed. On the other hand, rhG-CSF therapy highly increased the spleen GM-CFU numbers at days 24 to 28. Although rhG-CSF increased splenic granulopoiesis, this result shows that the bulk of granulopoiesis recovery due to rhG-CSF therapy in cyclophosphamide pretreated mice occurred in the marrow.

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on murine bone marrow and spleen erythropoiesis.

100 micrograms/kg of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was injected twice daily into normal adult CF1 female mice for a period of 15 days. After that time we have observed a decrease 59Fe marrow incorporation with a parallel increase in the spleen. During the first 9 days the marrow plus spleen erythroid cells number decreased to 60% of control approximately, but recovered thereafter and were not significantly different from normal values at 12-15 days. In addition, our studies demonstrate that the spleen erythropoiesis is quantitatively more important at the final time than marrow erythropoiesis. For this reason, splenic compensatory erythropoiesis maintained the hematocrit values between normal ranges. Regarding the granulocytic compartment, 15 days of rhG-CSF treatment produce a marked increase in total count of splenic granulocytes (a 7.7 fold rise from control values). Marrow granulocytes shows a 2-fold increment, but considering the absolute counts, bone marrow still was predominant as a granulopoieitc organ. Our results indicate that the spleen is a more important erythropoietic organ than marrow after 15 days of rhG-CSF treatment.

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on murine bone marrow and spleen erythropoiesis

100 mug/kg of recombinant human granulocyte colony - stimulating factor was injected twice daily into normal adult CF1 female mice for a period of 15 days. After that time was have observed a decrease (59)Fe marrow incorporation with a parallel increase in the spleen. During the first 9 days the marrow plus spleen erythroid cells number decreased to 60 percent of control approximately, but recovered thereafter and were not significantly different from normal values at 12 - 15 days. In addition, our studies demonstrate that the spleen erythropoiesis is quantitatively more important at the final time tham marrow erythropoiesis. For this reason, splenic compensatory erythropoiesis maintained the hematocrit values between normal ranges. Regarding the granulocytic compartment, 15 days of rhG-CSF treatment produce a marked increase in total count os splenic granulocytes (a 7.7 fold rise from control values). Marrow granulocytes shows a 2 - fold increment, but considering the absolute counts, bone marrow still was predominant as a granulopoieitc organ. Our results indicate that the spleen is a more important erythropoietic organ than marrow after 15 days of rhG-CSF treatment.

Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on murine bone marrow and spleen erythropoiesis

100 mug/kg of recombinant human granulocyte colony ¹ stimulating factor was injected twice daily into normal adult CF1 female mice for a period of 15 days. After that time was have observed a decrease (59)Fe marrow incorporation with a parallel increase in the spleen. During the first 9 days the marrow plus spleen erythroid cells number decreased to 60 percent of control approximately, but recovered thereafter and were not significantly different from normal values at 12 ¹ 15 days. In addition, our studies demonstrate that the spleen erythropoiesis is quantitatively more important at the final time tham marrow erythropoiesis. For this reason, splenic compensatory erythropoiesis maintained the hematocrit values between normal ranges. Regarding the granulocytic compartment, 15 days of rhG-CSF treatment produce a marked increase in total count os splenic granulocytes (a 7.7 fold rise from control values). Marrow granulocytes shows a 2 ¹ fold increment, but considering the absolute counts, bone marrow still was predominant as a granulopoieitc organ. Our results indicate that the spleen is a more important erythropoietic organ than marrow after 15 days of rhG-CSF treatment. (AU)