[The results of the surgical treatment of otosclerosis in the elderly subjects].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical treatment of otosclerosis in the subjects of advanced age. The medical histories of 19 patients aged above 65 years (20 ears) presenting with otosclerosis were available for the retrospective analysis. All of them had undergone surgical interventions (a total of 22 ones or 4.49% of the 489 operations performed between 2001 and 2012). The audiometric assessment was made at four wavelengths (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz). Primary surgery (n=18) was preceded by the determination of the high air and bone conductivity thresholds (76.18 dB and 42.15 dB respectively), with the mean bone to air interval (BAI) being 33.99 dB. The surgical treatment resulted in the improvement of hearing; in 83.33% of the cases, BAI was reduced to 10 dB or below this value. It is concluded that the surgical intervention on the stirrup bone for the treatment of otosclerosis in the patients above 65 years of age is a safe and efficacious method despite marked hearing impairment in this group of patients.

[Experimental substantiation of the functional relationship of mineral elements of nutrition with intestinal mucus and the mucosa membrane of the intestine].

Interaction of magnesium increased dietary level with enteral calcium metabolism through the gut wall and intestinal mucosa mechanism is described in ruminants. Magnesium excess was found in the endogenous fraction of chyme and in the intestinal mucosa and resulted in increased calcium concentration in these biological tissues. Magnesium itself did not penetrate into the internal gut environment, and calcium content in the organs and tissues was reduced. It is concluded that the interaction of minerals takes place in the gut prior to absorption, and that the intestinal mucosa is important for homeostatic balance of minerals in the digesta and in the internal body environment.

[General biological phenomenon of cation deposit by chyme structures and its implications for creation of enteral nutrition mixtures].

General regularity of mineral elements distribution in enteral digesta of animals with different types of digestion is described. It was established that Mn, Zn, Cu and Ca are commonly concentrated in mucosal structures of digesta. Their concentrations dramatically increase while moving digesta from small intestine to large gut. Potassium and sodium are not so intensively conjugated with enteral mucosa. It is speculated that described phenomenon can be estimated as a general biological law and can be applied for enteral nutritional mixture composition improvement.

[Experimental study of the structuring role and other chyme characteristics in some functionality gastrointestinal truct at enteral nutrition].

The structure of hymus of gastrointestinal tract and mechanisms of its formation were studied on representatives of three classes of vertebrates (fishes, birds, mammal). Established that enteral hymus is in homeostasis and spatially structured in all animals. On weight hymus consists about 80-95% of hydrated cavitary mucus and 5-20% of food particles. [Russian characters: see text] plays a key role in formation of hymus structure and it is the basic endogenous formation for cavitary hydrolysis and providing the directed movement of nutrients to apical surfaces of enterocytes.

[Acoustic and vestibular analysers in patients with mine explosion trauma].

The aim of the study was examination of the acoustic and vestibular functions in patients with mine explosion trauma. Acoustic and vestibular functions were studied in 27 patients (16 females and 11 males aged 19-66 years, mean age 37.2 +/- 4.12) admitted to the ENT clinic of Moscow city hospital N 1. All the patients had suffered from explosion in closed space. General clinical and complex otoneurological examinations were made including gustatory and olfactory investigations, studies of the facial skin sensitivity, nasal mucosa, corneal reflex, soft palate motility, audiometry and vestibulometry. The findings of the tests suggested the following conclusions: mine explosion damages hearing by impairment of both sound conduction (85.7%) and sound perception (61.2%), the latter suffering primarily at the cochlear level; damage to the cranial nerves V and XIII occurs at the level of the brain stem; mixed affection of the vestibular analyzer is seen primarily at the level of stem nuclei.

[Pathogenetic aspects of cochleovestibular disorders in shock-wave and mechanical impacts on brain structures].

The review concerns basic pathogenetic factors of shock-wave and mechanical effects on the structures of the brain (closed craniocerebral trauma, mine-explosion, baro-, acoustic trauma). When the brain and the labyrinth structures are exposed to traumatic mechanical or shock wave factors, the arising anatomic and functional defects damaging acoustic and vestibular analysers at different levels are similar. Concussion of the labyrinth provokes pathological alterations including circulatory disturbances, impaired production and composition of labyrinthine fluid and problems with its outflow leading finally to hydrops of the labyrinth.

[Functional impairment of acoustic and vestibular analyzers in patients with blast and traumatic head injuries].

A comprehensive otoneurological investigation of 131 patients with head injuries of shoch-wave and mechanical nature has revealed similar acoustic, vestibular and central hemodynamic disorders in the above patients. The diagnosed pathological features are determined only by strength and extention of the traumatic factor but not by its nature. Common features in development of acoustic and vestibular disorders in patients with different head injuries enable design of an integrated therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm of management of the above patients with the drugs tanakan and gincor fort.

[Effects of influenza virus proteins on immunocompetent cells of the host]. / Vozdeistvie belkov virusa grippa na immunokompetentnye kletki organizma khoziaina.

Only 2 influenza viral proteins--HA and M--have been shown to be active against host T cells, M protein being more active than HA in some tests when interacted with CD4 receptor. M protein stimulated the expression of CD25 receptors and the proliferation of lymphocytes; the activated production of alpha-tumor necrosis factor was undetectable when exposed to virus proteins.