RESUMO
We have tested the limits of gaseous hydrogen fluoride as an agent for parallel detachment of organic molecules from the solid support. Peptides were chosen as relatively sensitive models for this reaction. Acid-catalyzed amide bond hydrolysis, side chain modification (tryptophan and other unnatural amino acids) by the protecting group residues as well as dehydration of serine and asparagine was followed. The technique of cleavage of side chain protection prior to the resin cleavage has given satisfactory results. Two-step deprotection and cleavage from benzhydrylamine resin by TFA and HF was compared to the deprotection and cleavage by TFA from Knorr resin.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Ácido Fluorídrico , Biblioteca de Peptídeos , Peptídeos/síntese química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Asparagina , Técnicas de Química Combinatória/instrumentação , Técnicas de Química Combinatória/métodos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Resinas Vegetais , Serina , TriptofanoRESUMO
This article presents a career ladder for the reappointment and promotion of nontenured clinical faculty, based on Boyer's model of the scholarship of teaching, application, discovery, and integration and on his four principles and six standards. Titles, lengths of appointments, criteria, obligations, and professional development are defined for four levels of clinical faculty. Guide questions modeled on Boyer's dimensions of scholarship, principles, and standards that were used to guide the development of the career ladder are included.
Assuntos
Mobilidade Ocupacional , Docentes de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Modelos de Enfermagem , Modelos Organizacionais , Pesquisa em Enfermagem , Bolsas de Estudo , Humanos , Descrição de CargoRESUMO
1. Cancer is a life-threatening disease that creates an uncertain and foreboding future, yet it is because of this uncertain future that hopes can be accommodated. 2. Inspiring hope is an intervention that can be used with many nursing diagnoses, especially when feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, powerlessness, and depression are present. 3. Most individuals are "hoping" ones, but at times the hoping process must be assisted. 4. The nurse can inspire hope by understanding the hoping process; offering nursing encouragement; and incorporating such skills as presence, touch, active listening, reality surveillance, and values clarification.
