Covid-19, competencias digitales docentes y educación especial en México / COVID-19, Educational Digital Competences and Special Education in Mexico

Los retos que enfrentó el profesorado durante el confinamiento causado por la covid-19 se acrecentaron para quienes atienden a estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales o barreras para el aprendizaje, a causa de la escasez de herramientas tecnológicas especializadas y el incipiente desarrollo de competencias digitales. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las condiciones en las que este profesorado que labora en educación básica y media superior en México trabajó durante el período abril 2020-diciembre 2021. Se realizó una investigación atributiva estructural de alcance explicativo que empleó la encuesta como técnica de recuperación de información. Participaron 140 docentes cuyas respuestas fueron analizadas estadísticamente y cartografíadas utilizando el Sistema de Información Geográfica y el programa ArcGIS, con la finalidad de destacar diferencias y carencias regionales. Los resultados se centran en dos ejes del Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente (Creación de contenidos y Seguridad), y evidencian la persistencia de brechas socioeducativas, siendo docentes de zonas urbanas quienes expresan haber desarrollado estas competencias, destacando quienes tienen menos años de servicio, mayores grados académicos y buscan estabilidad laboral, lo que lleva a concluir en la necesidad de fortalecer procesos formativos diferenciados que respondan a las necesidades específicas de los contextos educativos. (AU)

The challenges faced by teachers during the confinement caused by Covid-19 were more severe for those who look after students with special needs or learning barriers, particularly in a context marked by the scarcity of specialized technological tools and an incipient development of digital skills among both teachers and students. The paper analyzes the conditions in which teachers who work in basic and upper secondary education in Mexico carried out their jobs from April 2020 - December 2021. The analysis is based upon a structural attributive research of explanatory scope that retrieved information through a survey. 140 teachers participated in the process; their responses were statistically analyzed and mapped out using the Geographic Information System and the ArcGIS program, in order to highlight regional differences and shortcomings. The results presented focus on two axes of the Common Framework for Digital Teaching Competence (Content Creation and Security) and show the persistence of socio-educational gaps. Those who express that to have developed these competences are teachers from urban areas, particularly those who have less years of service, higher academic degrees, and are in the seek of job stability. This leads to the conclusion that there is a need to strengthen differentiated training processes that respond to the specific needs of educational contexts. (AU)

Estudio clínico-epidemiológico en niños con labio paladar hendido en un hospital de segundo nivel / Clinical-epidemiological study in children with cleft lip palate in a secondary-level hospital

Resumen: Introducción: El padecimiento de labio paladar hendido es una de las alteraciones congénitas más comunes que afecta las estructuras de la cara. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de la población con LPH atendida en el Hospital de Especialidades del Niño y la Mujer Dr. Felipe Núñez Lara de la Secretaría de Salud del estado de Querétaro, México, en el periodo de 2011-2014, a través de la Clínica de Labio Paladar Hendido, para brindar tratamientos interdisciplinarios a los pacientes con esta afección con base en la información de los expedientes registrados en el periodo mencionado. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo usando análisis univariado con frecuencias para variables cualitativas, y estadísticas centrales y de dispersión para variables cuantitativas y perfil clínico. Se revisaron 100 expedientes; se descartaron 15 por tratarse de casos sindrómicos. Las variables estudiadas fueron sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas. Resultados: Se presentan los perfiles epidemiológicos (variables relativas al embarazo de la madre y salud del paciente al momento de su nacimiento, desarrollo nutricional y psicomotor; antecedentes heredo-familiares y presencia de adicciones; datos socioeconómicos familiares) y clínicos (clasificación del padecimiento por sexo, estructura y lado de afectación; clasificación de las cirugías y orden en que se efectuó el procedimiento) de la población considerada. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio mostraron la necesidad de estandarizar el registro de datos en expedientes para mejorar el seguimiento y tratamiento de los pacientes y enfatizar en acciones preventivas que permitan mantener la baja incidencia del labio paladar hendido en Querétaro.

Abstract: Background: One of the most common congenital disorders that affects the facial structures is the cleft lip palate (CLP). The aim of this study was to generate the clinical-epidemiological profile of CLP patients from Hospital de Especialidades del Niño y la Mujer (HENM) Dr. Felipe Nuñez Lara, from the Ministry of Health, Queretaro, Mexico, from 2011 to 2014, who received treatment from the Cleft Lip Palate Clinic in order to provide interdisciplinary treatments for CLP patients based on the information from the pediatric records. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study using univariate analysis frequencies for qualitative variables; central statistical and dispersion for quantitative variables and clinical profile. One hundred records were reviewed, from which 15 were discarded for being syndromic cases. Epidemiological, clinical, and socio-demographic variables were studied. Results: The epidemiological profile (variables associated with mother's pregnancy, patient's health at birth, nutritional and psychomotor development; family medical records, addictions, and socioeconomic factors) and clinical profile (disease classification by sex, structure, and side; surgeries classification and order in which they took place) of the treated population were registered. Conclusions: The results showed the need to standardize the data registration on medical records to improve the monitoring and treatment of patients and emphasize actions to maintain low incidence of CLP in Queretaro.

[Clinical-epidemiological study in children with cleft lip palate in a secondary-level hospital]. / Estudio clínico-epidemiológico en niños con labio paladar hendido en un hospital de segundo nivel.

BACKGROUND: One of the most common congenital disorders that affects the facial structures is the cleft lip palate (CLP). The aim of this study was to generate the clinical-epidemiological profile of CLP patients from Hospital de Especialidades del Niño y la Mujer (HENM) Dr. Felipe Nuñez Lara, from the Ministry of Health, Queretaro, Mexico, from 2011 to 2014, who received treatment from the Cleft Lip Palate Clinic in order to provide interdisciplinary treatments for CLP patients based on the information from the pediatric records. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study using univariate analysis frequencies for qualitative variables; central statistical and dispersion for quantitative variables and clinical profile. One hundred records were reviewed, from which 15 were discarded for being syndromic cases. Epidemiological, clinical, and socio-demographic variables were studied. RESULTS: The epidemiological profile (variables associated with mother's pregnancy, patient's health at birth, nutritional and psychomotor development; family medical records, addictions, and socioeconomic factors) and clinical profile (disease classification by sex, structure, and side; surgeries classification and order in which they took place) of the treated population were registered. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the need to standardize the data registration on medical records to improve the monitoring and treatment of patients and emphasize actions to maintain low incidence of CLP in Queretaro.